❓ How to determine the quality of non-metallic materials for building

Aggregates - is sand, stone, gravel, sand and gravel and sand and crushed stone mix. All of these materials are used in concrete work. fill foundation, Production of other concrete structures, road works - all this requires a non-metallic filling. It often happens that the poor quality gravel or sand significantly reduces the strength characteristics concrete pouring. The theme of this material from HouseShief.ru - how to determine the quality of non-metallic materials.

Why is it important to monitor the quality of sand and gravel

There are general rules for determining the quality of non-metallic material: it is necessary to pay attention to the degree of crystallization of the breed and the homogeneity of the composition. With the first deal is not easy - you need to have a great experience in construction or have knowledge in mineralogy. For the layman can only advise you to follow the textured factions - the surface should be a little rough, so it will be best achieved by coupling with a cement mixture. Uniformity is also important.

How to determine the quality of rubble

crushed stone - an important component of reinforced concrete structures. In the first place - is foundations, The strength of which depends on the reliability of the entire building.

On the quality of rubble say the following features:

• grain size - pouring the foundation necessary rubble with a fraction of 20-40 mm;
• strength - rubble sandstone is much inferior in strength of granite gravel, it should be noted. The strength of the marking designated by the letter M, after which there is a number. For the construction of a residential building foundation should be selected index 1400-1600;
• impurities - in the rubble may contain dust particles and clay, they lower the strength of the casting;

Tip! Sink rubble carried in a concrete mixer. Was added and the water is drained from pollution. The process is time-consuming, so the better the gravel you choose, the less time spend on unnecessary movement.

• adhesiveness - The ability for adhesion is determined by the color of the stone. The best option - gray and dark gray shades. There are other signs, but they can only be determined by professionals;
• flakiness - this form gravel grains. Ideally, it should be close to cubic. If gravel is long and narrow - he flakiness and therefore poor quality. Flakiness indicated in the marking group from I to IV. The final group contains half flakiness fractions.

Note! Using flakiness gravel for foundation leads to the formation of a large amount of air voids that lower the strength characteristics of the casting.

How to determine the quality of building sand

Quality construction sand can be determined empirically in the home. This can be done in four different ways.

1. visually – sand It should have a uniform structure without any major impurities and additions.
2. Using sieves - part of the sand is sifted through a screen with a small diameter perforation. So empirically, you will see the amount of impurities in the material.

1. Using water - in polutoralitrovye plastic bottle needed to pour a third of sand and cover with water. After a good shaking leave the prototype for a day. If the water is turbid - in the sand a lot of organic impurities, and it is of poor quality.
2. Manually - take a handful of sand and squeeze the fist. If the lump turned out - in the sand too much clay, it is not suitable for addition to concrete structures.

How to determine the quality of the CBC, and dropout SCHPS

Sand-gravel mix - is a ready building material, which can be directly added to the concrete. Since it already does not change, it is important to monitor the quality of the composition. Major indices - the size of gravel fractions and grainy sand.

To work with foundation using classical type, which should be no less than 10% gravel sizes from 5 to 70 mm.

What to look for when buying a CBC:

• the presence of inclusions of silt, clay, dust and organic impurities;
• percentage of main components (to be specified in the documentation);
• indicators hardiness and strength.

gravel flakiness is also important, and it is determined by the principles described above.

Note! Flakiness fraction formed during the crushing by compression.

For SCHPS important bulk density. Qualitative indicators - not less than 1700 kg on m³. This information should be specified in the documentation. The second important quality indicator - the percentage of clay: it should not be more than 20%.

Comment

Mikhail Starostin

Team leader repair and construction company "Home Premium"

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"An important factor for selecting SCHPS in the construction of a residential home - the background radiation of the material. This feature is mandatory to be mentioned in the passport of the building material. "

Screenings - it small particles of gravel, which remain after treatment in an industrial machine with a sieve.

What should be in the data sheet

When buying non-metallic materials, ask the seller for the product data sheet. In it must necessarily be given manufacturer's data, batch number and quantity, density, flakiness, grain size, grade frost resistance, strength and amount of impurities.

If you have any other good advice to determine the quality of non-metallic materials - write about it in the comments! In conclusion, we offer you to watch a short video on how to choose these items: