Wood construction - this is mainly vacation homes. And, as new buildings, and those that were built long ago as summer cottages. Today these buildings are increasingly being used for year-round use. It is therefore vital question of insulation of all parts of the house.
The floor of the wooden buildings is one of the coolest parts of the whole structure. According to various estimates, over the floors in wooden houses goes up to 20% of the internal heat in the rooms. It makes sense not only to design a good insulation in the construction of a new home, but also attend to remake the floor in an already built, but without insulation the floor. Especially because usually residential wooden house is set at a relatively high base. And it allows you to hold warming below, without changing the level of the finished floor and reducing the height of the room.
With the construction of ancillary buildings wooden floors can be close to the ground or even be laid directly on the ground. In this case, to insulate layer is still needed, but it will have to be laid, buried in the ground.
Any insulation of wooden floors should be carried out in compliance with the following rules:
- Mandatory waterproofing stacking in two layers. The lower layer protects the insulation against moisture from the ground. The upper layer - by penetration of water through the finished floor boards.
- Roughing and finishing wooden floor elements are handled by special means against rot.
- For insulation material is selected which does not change its properties when in contact with wood.
Despite the recent emergence of modern insulating materials, insulation of expanded clay wooden floor still finds its application. And for good reason.
Claydite: pros and cons
Insulated keramzit - granules produced by foaming and subsequent firing of clay.
It has several advantages when used as insulation.
Advantages:
- Low thermal conductivity. Clay itself, from which it is made, is considered to be a good thermal insulator. A created inside the pores filled with air, reduces the thermal conductivity even more. As a heat insulator it is several times more effective than clay bricks and two times better than wood.
- Light weight. Increased expanded clay layer thickness does not lead to a substantial load on the overlap.
- Cheapness. Despite the fact that he is inferior to the thermal conductivity of many modern material, its application allows you to save money, slightly losing as insulation.
- Fire safety. This material not only burns, but also with a strong heat does not emit any toxic substances.
- Resistance to temperature changes. Insulating properties do not change in the heat or cold.
- Resistance to household chemicals and moisture. Even when wet it is not formed mold.
- Full environmental friendliness. Made of natural material, it is not completely harmless.
- In addition to insulating properties and a good sound insulator.
- Easy to use. To work with them need not have special skills, and requires no special tools and accessories. The fact that the expanded clay - bulk material eliminates any requirement to comply with the exact size during installation.
- Long-term use. It is believed that it retains its properties for decades.
disadvantages
Lows in the expanded clay is also available. But they can not be compared with a list of advantages:
- A large amount of the heat-insulating layer. To create a high-quality insulation thickness of expanded clay pillows should be at least 10 cm. But in practice, expanded clay layer is typically 20 - 30 cm, rarely - 40 cm. In some constructions of wooden floors such insulation reduces the space between the floor and ceiling.
- Low humidity. When struck by a large amount of water, it absorbs it. This leads to an increase in the weight of the insulation. Over time, moisture will evaporate from the expanded clay pellets, but it's a long process.
- Laying of expanded clay, for all its simplicity - a tedious operation. Coating thick layer leveling with special care not to break the shell of the pellets - all this takes time.
varieties of expanded clay
The quality of expanded clay as the insulation depends on its production options. Depending on the size are three main groups of expanded beads. Although each group there are recommendations for its use is typically used in a single layer of a mixture of granules of different size.
Kinds:
- Crushed - granules with a diameter of 20 to 40 mm. Recommended for filling the base layer of thermal insulation.
- Gravel - from 10 to 20 mm. It is used to create thin layers.
- Sand - smallest pellet diameter of 5 - 10 mm. Suitable for insulation of small voids in the floor construction. In admixture with larger particles can be filled interstices between the granules. Used to create a "wet" heat-insulating concrete screed.
In addition to size, expanded clay insulation varies in density. Commercially available concrete block is divided into several categories, with a density of 200 to 800 kg / cu.m.
Ways to create heat-insulating layer of expanded clay
In general, the device keramzite warming is little different from the use of other materials. Expanded clay located beneath the finished floor using a moisture barrier materials.
Depending on the location insulated floor (on joists laid on the foundation on the ground or on a concrete base) differs and the technology on which concrete block placed under a wooden floor.
Backfilling between joists
This is the easiest method of laying claydite pillows. In this case serve as a base for flooring wooden joists. If they are on the foundation, then they are fastened boards or board sub-floor. They can incite to lag below or mounted on the bars, nailed to the joists from the side. The use of lightweight expanded clay is an advantage - the load on the rough floor is small.
Further actions are as follows:
- Sami joists and boards subfloor is recommended to treat means against rot. This is particularly important when a new insulation in the long-built house.
- The space between the joists lined with waterproofing film. As its substitute can choose polyethylene or roofing felt. If the transverse bars, the each cell separately blanketed installed between joists.
- Expanded clay granules are put into the prepared spaces between logs. It is recommended to mix large and small expanded clay fraction for complete filling volume.
- Once expanded clay backfill layer is aligned on the upper edges of the lag. Lags are not only support, but also a pointer to the level of filling of a heater.
- Aligned expanded clay layer desirably slightly compacted. When compaction is necessary not to damage the pellets, as through the cracks they will absorb the moisture.
Installation of floor joists can be carried out on a concrete base as a subfloor. The technology of expanded clay backfill in this case is no different.
Filling with expanded clay for the wooden floor on the ground
These floors can be arranged in the back rooms or garages. But gravels pillow is not laid directly on the ground. Proceed as follows:
- Remove the top layer of the earth.
- A layer of gravel is poured. He will perform the waterproofing function, protecting the concrete block moisture from the ground.
- Gravel is closed with sand, which should be carefully compacted.
- Above the sand blanketed protective film.
- Haydite insulated layer is poured on a sandy base, compacted and slightly leveled.
- Further floor device depends on the wishes of the builder. It is possible to lay a floor directly on top of expanded clay, expanded clay layer can be filled with concrete to form "wet" screed. A layer of expanded clay may be used as a rough heater by placing them over one insulated layer over which lay the finishing floor.
The concrete screed with LECA
If the concrete base is assumed apparatus under the floorboards, that insulate a floor can be "built into" expanded clay concrete screed:
- Prepared under the screed base closes waterproofing.
- The entire surface is filled with expanded clay. Advantageously, the fines are used.
- The layer of expanded clay leveled and compacted.
- For greater reliability over keramzita placed reinforcing mesh.
- The last step - pouring concrete.
Dry screed gravels
This method of flooring has recently become known. Preparatory part depend on the grounds on which it is planned to arrange a tie - on land, on rough wooden floor, or on a concrete slab.
The base was covered with a protective film, which is filled with concrete block. After aligning the expanded clay pillows, she closed with sheets of plywood or gipsovolokna. Bonding sheets - with glue or screws.
completion
Any variant of the device keramzite the insulation layer means the completion of the rough stage deck floors. Insulated layer must shut a fluid paroizoliruyuschim pictures. And on top of this insulation of plywood or other sheet material is fixed substrate corresponding to the selected floor covering.
In the embodiment the floor joists to finish the floor wood can be mounted directly on them without creating a separate substrate.
