On the need for thermal insulation of a wooden house owners are thinking at a low temperature in the rooms in winter, the appearance of dampness and mold on the walls, the high cost of heating.
Professional builders recommend to insulate the walls of the buildings from the outside, but there are situations where this is not acceptable. In such cases, the insulation is mounted indoors. Such works will cost inexpensive. This article describes how to insulate the walls of a wooden house inside and out.
Features thermal insulation of walls in the house from a tree
Wood used in construction, has features that must be considered.
Wood - a vapor-permeable material, if used improperly, dampen, infected by fungus, moldy, destroyed by pests. Over time, the house ends up in the logs and beams cracks.
Properly designed and installed insulation system reduces the negative impact to a minimum - otherwise the durability of the structure, however.
Comparison of methods of thermal insulation
Thermal insulation of wooden walls possibly inside and outside, each method has advantages and disadvantages. Make the right decision about the method of insulation installation help information collected in the table.
| Benefits | disadvantages |
| Warming inside the building | |
| Saving the appearance of the house | The outer parts of the walls are not protected from adverse weather conditions |
| It can be combined with capital and cosmetic repairs | Useful reduced thickness area rooms on a warming structure |
| The reconstruction does not depend on the time of year | The dew point is displaced inwardly of the structure, condensation may occur |
| You do not need to install scaffolding, with the work of one person can handle. | Loss of heat-retaining properties of wood |
| External insulation | |
| Living space is saved | Insulation protects exterior finish - increases the volume of construction works |
| The dew point of the timber wall shifts to the layer of insulation - the walls are not broken, there is no condensation in the room | Thermal insulation is held in the warm season |
| Warming by the method of ventilated facade prevents mold and mildew | Working at height requires strict observance of safety measures. Without assistants do not get to work |
Before making a decision about the way of the work necessary to get acquainted with the options of what made insulate wooden house from the inside or outside.
The choice of material
For insulating the internal surfaces of the walls and facades of houses developed many specialized heaters, each of which, however, requires a proper use.
Insulation is delivered in the form of piece goods or rolls.
Take into account when choosing:
- price;
- lifetime during which the stored operational characteristics and geometric shape of heat insulation;
- fire and sanitary safety (certifications);
- thermal conductivity characteristics;
- resistance to mechanical damage and weather conditions.
Polystyrene long been successfully used in building insulation. The mechanical properties and the size of sheets allow to warm the house with his own hands, and if there is a knack you can do without assistants. The insulation used two kinds of sheet material that is produced from polystyrene. They differ in the method of manufacture.
Expanded polystyrene foam called. It is a white plate. In fault visible balls of various sizes.
Erudite polystyrene is most often light yellow or orange, it is denser foam.
Styrofoam
Material suitable for thermal insulation of a wooden house.
Advantages:
- Lightweight - 98% volume of the product takes the air;
- preservation of dimensional accuracy during continuous operation;
- low thermal conductivity;
- can be mounted in different ways;
- self-extinguishing within 4 seconds - without support combustion open fire is extinguished foam.
Disadvantages of foam:
- evolves toxic substances when heated above 80aboutFROM;
- easily damaged by mechanical action;
- It is rapidly degraded when exposed to sunlight;
- poor water vapor permeability, it is necessary to take into account and provide ventilation facades.
When buying a heater to keep in mind that the material with a density of 15 kg / m3 He can not bear mechanical load, so it can not be plastered. Foam density 25 kg / m3 plaster and can be used for outdoor insulation. When the mass heater 35 kg / m3 and later on it is used for slabs insulation can walk and most of the material. Apply foam with a density for walls economically impractical.
extruded polystyrene
Insulation in the sale occurs under the title Penoplex, Penoplex. The sheets are on the edges of slots (sample), which allows them to be laid with an overlap. This eliminates the extra grout. The density of the material is higher than that of the foam, extruded polystyrene can be any plastering.
As with foam insulation for houses of wood arrange ventilated facades.
Mineral wool
Mineral wool is obtained by melting of rocks. It represents the fiber, between which there is a large amount of air, which provides insulation properties. The trade organization comes in rolls or in the form of plates of standard sizes.
Advantages of the material:
- easy installation;
- affordable price;
- It does not support combustion;
- high rates of heat and sound insulation;
- environmental friendliness;
- high vapor permeability, commensurate with the timber;
The main drawback - the ability of mineral wool to absorb water, thus losing insulating properties. With material slozhivaetsya usedaet and over time, the reduced performance.
To reduce the air rockwool effects of water and moisture to protect special waterproofing film.
A detailed article about insulation of a frame house with mineral wool.
fiberglass
According to the structure similar to the mineral wool, but inferior in performance and technology. When exposed to water and humid air quickly lose insulating properties. For several years slozhivaetsya, which leads to performance degradation. Installation of glass requires strict compliance with safety regulations - tiny particles penetrate into the lungs during breathing and fall into the eye causing irritation to mucous membranes.
Ecowool
The material obtained from waste paper and cardboard in the processing of waste paper and textile waste. Additives prevent rotting, caking, flammability ecowool, insects and rodents are considered unattractive material for use in food and arranging nests.
Lay ecowool alone will not work - the material is atomized by mixing with water, a special installation.
Izoplaat
Fibreboard sawdust from coniferous trees is produced without the use of chemical components.
The surface of the pressed sheets treated with paraffin, which reduces susceptibility to rotting. Permeability of the material timber is approximately equal characteristics, which eliminates the accumulation of condensation between a wall and insulation. It is used for the outer and inner mounting method.
foil insulation
This material is a foamed substrate with the adhered aluminum foil layer. On sale occurs under the title Penofol, Izolon, Izod and others.
The material serves several functions:
- insulation;
- sound insulation;
- waterproofing;
- windscreen.
Products stable to chemical, thermal, biological attack and decay. Mounting reduced to securing on a wooden surface using a stapler or nailed laths. In the application of foil insulation materials nail stapler, then the master is still to decide what to sheathe the walls - plasterboard, distillation, plastic siding.
Next, tell how to properly insulate the walls of wooden houses inside and out.
The process of warming
Thermal insulation made of lumber in the house is high quality, if you follow the simple rules and the sequence of manipulations. Deviation from the wrong algorithm and alternating layers will make the results meaningless labor.
There are two ways: frame and frameless. They are suitable for indoor and outdoor use.
frameless method
Without preliminary manufacture can insulate the frame and extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool of basalt, Izolatom - i.e. materials having rigidity structure. Foil material also does not suggest the frame unit, although it may be used as one of the layers of "pie".
Before installing the wall insulation is carefully cleaned from dust and dirt. Cut or grind irregularities - insulation should fit snugly to the ground.
The easiest and fastest way to insulate the house - use Izolat plate. They just nailed with large caps and fasten with screws. Of the tools you will need a hacksaw to cut the sheet size, hammer or screwdriver. The surface of the plaster boards or siding trim. The lack of finishing would lead to the destruction of the sheet under the influence of climatic factors.
polystyrene sheets are secured to the wooden base with screws, using a wide plastic washers. Under ultraviolet light foam quickly loses its mechanical properties, so the external insulation within 20-30 days required to carry out plastering work.
The first stage is used adhesives based on cement. Use a special mounting adhesive for polystyrene foam or adhesive for ceramic tiles.
The surface of the foam is coated with a thin adhesive layer of 1-1.5 mm, and the applied solution was inflicted in utaplivajut fiberglass mesh. Spend reapplication and leveling adhesive. After drying, the base was treated with a primer and plastered by applying any of the compositions, compatible with cement. For example, plaster woodworm. The surface can be painted façade paints.
Similarly carried basalt insulation plates.
frame version
Carcass method heater assembly can be applied to any materials, but mostly it is applied to the mineral wool mounting. In the case of foam, grid can serve for fastening thereon finishing, e.g., siding.
Installation sequence:
- cleaning the surface;
- treatment of wooden walls bioprotective primer (antiseptic) and flame retardants (flame-retardant by impregnation);
- frame assembly;
- installation of insulation between the crate;
- assembling windproof membrane or plate;
- installation of finishing.
Often expressed opinion on necessity of installing beams between the walls and insulation vapor retarding film. Such a membrane can fulfill its purpose if the insulation is mineral wool. For materials such neparopronitsaemyh layer is useless - the moisture will accumulate at the "tree-heater", accelerating the processes of decay.
Reel material sequence can be different:
- surface preparation, treatment with chemical agents;
- fixation on the surface of the wall bracket, which will continue to be secured crate;
- securing the web material by means of disc dowels.
- Cutting a mineral wool openings through which brackets project outwards;
- Mounting hydro- windproof membrane;
- Fastening topcoat to the frame.
Properly selecting insulation material and in compliance with The given rule can be qualitatively insulate wooden house made of beams or boards. Cosiness winter evenings and reduce payments for energy resources will be the reward for work.
