Warming of the floor in front of the screed, than to insulate the floor in front of the screed

For the comfort of the family living in the house, save energy while maintaining standard indoor temperatures, you must effectively insulate the walls and floor. Thus, to choose a floor structure, to select a heater under the screed is necessary, based on the principles of the appropriateness of the material, its characteristics, cost.

Redundancy insulation failure or equally bad influence on maintaining the standard temperature conditions during the heating period. To choose the right insulation, it is necessary to know the performance and conditions of use, to make thermal engineering calculation, to determine the floor construction and installation technologies.

Types of heaters, the basic operational characteristics

Insulating materials used in various embodiments, insulating floors under reinforced screed based on their operational characteristics and requirements for a heater.

Popular and widely used materials from Russian and foreign manufacturers:

• foam (polystyrene);
• extruded polystyrene;
• mineral wool;
• expanded clay;
• perlite;
• vermiculite;
• Isover;
• other innovative materials.

The project provides for the calculation of Thermal Engineering and working drawings floor. If the project is compiled independently Thermal calculation is recommended to do on-line calculator. calculators algorithm is based on and claims snip formulas II-3-79.

For warming purchased a product that is best suited to their technical and economic indicators for the gender specific design. Key indicators on which the heater is selected:

1. Geometric dimensions: width, length, thickness of the sheets.
2. The density or weight of 1 m ^ 3 insulant. The greater the density, the higher strength of the material but lower heat conductivity, water vapor permeability, water resistance.
3. compression strength determines how much pressure the material to withstand the height reduction of 10% of the original. This rate influences the permissible load on the floor during use.
4. Water absorption. An indicator of how much insulation absorbs water in% of its volume per day or 30 days.
5. The water vapor permeability. The amount in grams of water vapor on the allowable standards for the material to pass 1 m ^ 2 for 1 hour at a pressure of 1 Pascal.
6. Thermal conductivity coefficient - a table value for a particular insulation specified by the manufacturer (k). It calculates the insulation thickness of the empirical formula: h = R * k. R - normalized value of thermal resistance, tied to the climatic regions in Russia.

extruded polystyrene

This foamed polystyrene obtained by passing under pressure through the extruder. Feedstock in the form of small polystyrene beads were placed in a special chamber, called a reactor. Here, at high pressure and temperature of granules is saturated with air, purified from water vapor, mixing with adhesive synthetic resins.

The pressure is then abruptly discharged, the weight of the particles of saturated gas increases in volume, is formed foamy structure. Passing through the extruder, excess gas is removed, there is only a feedstock cells - closed particle size of 0.1-0.2 mm. In the molding line of the homogeneous mass obtained desired size sheets.

Extruded polystyrene has a leading position in the insulation market. This reliable and practical material is produced in accordance with GOST 32310-2012. Great confidence and demand is extruded polystyrene from major manufacturers such brands as:

• Penoplex,
• ursa,
• TEPLEX,
• FLOORMATE 200,
• TechnoNikol,
• Penosteks.

Name of product	dimensions mm	Density kg / m ^ 3	Strength kPa	Odds. thermal conductivity	Water absorption %	Power combustibility
TECHNOPLEX	1180* 580* 50	26	0.2/0.4	0.034	0.4	G4
TechnoNikol CARBON ECO	1180* 580* 10/100	26	0.2/0.4	0.034	0.4	T4 / T3
TEPLEX 35/45	1200* 600* 20/110	31/45	0.3/0.5	0.028/0.03	0.4	G1 / G4
Penoplex 35/45	2400* 600* 40/100	38/47	0.4/0.7	0.028/0.03	0.4	G1 / G4

Advantages and disadvantages of the application:

1. Light weight, good processability allows the use of extruded polystyrene (Epps) with insulation of floors, work cope one working.
2. Low thermal conductivity allows the plate at a thickness of 10 centimeters to achieve a sufficient insulation level of the concrete floor to maintain the standard temperature.
3. Low water absorption and water vapor transmission rate causes its application for ground floors, ceilings where there is ground floor cellar.
4. High strength material allows compression Epps in floors with high load and traffic.
5. High chemical resistance to acids, cements, bleach, hydrocarbon substances.
6. Material eco-friendly, has no harm to human health.
7. The service life of extruded polystyrene foam manufacturers guarantee of 25-50 years, it does not rot, it brings sudden changes in temperature.

XPS deserves only positive recommendation, is non-toxic during installation and during operation.

Mineral wool

For mineral wool insulation include:

• slag,
• glass wool,
• rock wool,
• BTV,
• Isover,
• plates of pure flax,
• izofas,
• other plates overseas production.

Glass wool is produced from the molten mixture of sand, glass, soda lime. Drawn fiber mats formed by molding these fibers. The mats have different thicknesses, dimensions, available coated foil.

Glass wool has a sufficiently high insulating properties, non-flammable, does not rot, is resistant to chemicals. When mounting the mineral wool fibers are broken, they form air mixture penetrates clothing, the human body's eyes. This causes irritation of the skin and other organs.

Important! It is impossible to work with glass wool without protective goggles, respirator or gauze bandages, gloves, overalls.

Another important drawback - the glass wool has a high moisture permeability and the ability to absorb water, thus losing insulating properties.

This disadvantage is completely absent in the mats on the basis of basalt wool. This material is made from a molten mass of basalt rock. Drawn fiber length of 80 mm stronger than glass fibers. Work with mats made of basalt wool is much easier and safer.

Mineral wool is used for insulation of floors in wooden houses, stacking between joists or ceiling insulation. Dense mats of BTV, BSTV used as insulation of floors on the ground or a solid monolithic slab foundation.

Name of product	dimensions fibers mm	Compressibility %	Odds. thermal conductivity	application temperature FROM0	Power combustibility
slag wool	16	There is no data	0.46-0.48	<250	NG
fiberglass	15/50	There is no data	0.039-0.046	-60/+450	NG
mineral wadding	16/80	40	0.077-0.12	+300/+600	NG
BTV	700/1000	40	0.039-0.046	-190/+700	NG

Applied technologies insulating floors

The methods, structures and techniques insulating floors laid at the design stage. Pre-calculated for each flat cake layers, its allowable thickness, type of material and insulation appropriate to the characteristics required.

Important! In the formation of a cake, please pay special attention to the design marks of each layer, removal of them from the real marks of pure sex, try to accurately follow the working drawings of the project.

Typical types of formation of the sexes with a heater are:

• Ground floor;
• Ground using expanded clay;
• on concrete base;
• the wooden sleepers;
• on the plates overlap.

The floors on the ground

Laying insulated floor on the ground and the thickness of the heat insulating layer to be taken in accordance with the SNP 23-02-2003.

Classic types of floors on the ground:

1. Underfloor seal base and subsequent concrete preparation device according to the design load. In this case, the thickness of the indentation in the natural ground rubble> 40 mm, the minimum thickness of concrete preparation for residential buildings> 80 mm. Further arranged waterproofing, heat insulation is laid on the calculation at the top insulation layer is a vapor barrier and reinforced screed to the level of the clean floor.
2. When designing floors without concrete training plays an important role waterproofing. The height of the danger of rising water from the water table is taken for a major clean sand or gravel - 0.3 meters, for loam and sandy loam - 2 meters (31-1.98 SNIP item 8.7). It is therefore recommended when the base unit for a substitution of natural sandy loam soil, loam cake on 2 large layer of clean sand with gravel layer therebetween. Each layer was carefully compacted. The total thickness of the cake preparation base is assumed to be> 0.4 m. It is recommended to make the top of the reinforced screed. Next order of work as the first embodiment, since waterproofing.

The floors on the ground with the use of expanded clay

Expanded clay is not as efficient insulation material as a modern extruded polystyrene foam. It is used for insulating floors are rare. As an option - expanded clay backfill layer of geotextile and then warming Penoplex under clean floor screed.

The technology of this embodiment is divided into the following stages:

• Before laying, the backfilling textile layers of sand and gravel with a seal, as in the case of the device preparatory layers cake without applying expanded clay. These layers serve as drainage by increasing the level of ground or meltwater drawdown cake expelled from the overlying layers.
• The upper layer is laid preparatory geotextile material overlaps with 150-200 mm in the joints. As the use of geotextiles Dorn. The material acts as a "trough" for laying of expanded clay, will protect it from getting wet.
• The trough is filled with a mixture of medium and fine fractions keramzita to the design level, the seal is not required. necessarily geotextile material is folded over the top layer of expanded clay.

• Then the floor of the pie device is divided into 2 versions of the project, depending on the category of liability structures and the load on the floor in the room. 1-2 categories fit additional insulation of sheet materials, for 3-4 categories you can immediately put a vapor barrier, reinforced mesh to tie under the mark of a pure floor. Consider the first embodiment.
• To increase the stiffness of expanded clay stacked grid construction 80 * 80 mm, is filled with solution M 50/75. To improve the workability and flowability of the solution add a plasticizer. Do not dilute with water to a liquid state, it is sufficient that the solution covered the topsheet expanded clay, did not penetrate deeply. Expanded clay absorbs water, will have to wait a long time until dry screed. The mesh reinforces the screed allows partially expanded clay granules floating up. The thickness of the resulting reinforced roughing screed over the net is recommended to install> 20-25 mm in order to avoid bursting at dynamic loads during movement. Surface level by level.
• Stick the tape around the perimeter of the damper. Mount the EPS under the screed with sizing reinforced joints mounting tape.

• Place the vapor barrier from fiberglass, polyester or a bituminous mat on top of the insulation. Vapor barrier must fulfill so that it is integral with the seams taped, bend the walls 50-70 mm above the design level of the clean floor.
• Fit mesh of 100 * 100 for a vapor barrier. If you plan to warm the floor, lay the pipe or cable. When the room or radiation heating latent wiring mount pipes in a protective casing. Set the beacons of metal profiles as a plaster on the level of the clean floor under facing.
• Pour solution M 50/75 beacons.

Warming of the wooden floor

Wooden floors on joists in houses made of beams, logs, prefabricated panel. Under such relatively light, the columnar structures are arranged foundations, or on screw precast piles, small penetration tape.

Grillage of composite lumber or boards obtained above the surface level, so the false-socket must be provided around the perimeter of symmetrical air holes to ventilate the space under the floors.

Technology insulation, floor insulation is simple:

• On the walls of a log from the bottom on both sides nailed bars 50 * 50 mm.
• By roughing bars plank floor boards treated antiseptic thickness> 25 mm. Slits are provided between the boards to 5 cm. Subfloor serves to maintain the insulation material and the plaque thickness> 25 mm is needed in order not to fail during operation.
• On the draft floor, rounding logs and leaving the walls> 7 cm, installed insulation, which also serves as a windscreen. It protects the insulation from the ingress of moisture, condensate from below.
• Lags between the waterproofing slept keramzit stacked middle fraction or mineral wool. The thickness of the insulation is taken to the top of a log, at least 200 mm. Make sure the insulation is tightly fit to the joists, exclude the cold bridges.

• According to a heater installed vapor barrier is attached to the joists. Watch correct position of the membrane, its role - not to miss the evaporation from the room to the heater. Joints bond the double-sided adhesive tape. Vapor barrier is made as airtight as possible. So it does not accumulate in the condensate, we recommend on top of the joists to install rails> 25 mm for ventilation. Where hammered nails under the slats enclose waterproof foil - it tightens the holes in the vapor barrier.
• Reiki fit the finished floor boards or under the lining.

As the development of new materials for use in the thermal insulation of the floor of the cake appear and new, innovative use of technology. Qualitative changes in the material characteristics occur decreasing the thermal conductivity. Thinner insulation sheets are replacing thick layer of backfill or expanded clay mineral wool. The correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation and installation technology observance will provide high-quality flooring and room climate.