For centuries, the tiles have been part of our culture. Gradually this kind of pottery podrasteryal former popularity. But the last 20-30 years we have seen a growing interest awakened to the design of stoves tiled elements.
For a while ceramic and finishing culture succumbed to the pressure of Western technology and a huge variety of tiles. But facing materials, which are decorated with ancient temples of our cities and architecture of the Babylonians and Egyptians, are too obvious advantages, to send the technology their ancestors into oblivion.
design tiles
Tiles - a ceramic tile of the original design. The web plate may have a different texture - smooth, roughened, structure. But the essence of goods - a box format.
Tile is made up of:
- facepiece;
- plates - the uppermost layer;
- Rump - the element that distinguishes this and ceramics from all other species;
- holes for pins arranged in Rumpe.
Volumetric shape formed due to Rump makes lining termoinertnoy - heat furnace cover there a few days. Due boxes between the tiles and the surface of the fire space is formed. To him we owe the accumulation of heat and such a long return of heat the room.
Holes in Rumpe need for pins or wires, which build into the joints in the brick - it makes the finish more durable and reliable. Classical cladding scheme implies the rejection of glue or other similar binders. For this reason, the heat transfer is increased even more.
Despite the inertia of the coolant, heat the oven, covered with tiles, very soft. Good warming up the room, the furnace is not able to burn.
The main functional advantages of such tiles - heat the oven for a few days
types of tiles
In form and purpose tiled ceramics are divided into several basic types. Among them:
- flat plate - elements which cover the main area of the fireplace;
- Corner - designed for decorating the corners;
- socle and cornice - designed to trim the top and bottom of the furnace zones, respectively;
- fittings - angular tiles, which are necessary for the design of complex shape angles.
How do tiles industrial method?
The original format veneering ceramics He appeared as a response to the need for a good warm-up room and a long heat retention. Some current models of furnaces have appreciable temperature difference of internal and external surface areas of the furnace. Due to this, for their lining is enough and the usual ceramic tile. In other cases, a much more expedient to use box-shaped plates.
In the past, ceramics with Rump cast in wooden forms, then mounted box and painted in a certain way. Today, the production of slabs and combine traditional techniques and modern developments.
Stages of modern production of tiles:
- make a plaster mold; calculated based on the dimensions of slabs cast billet; collected from several parts of the base, it is coated spetssostavom then assembled formwork and the gypsum mixture is poured model; form bring to mind, cleaned and dried;
- preparing raw materials - clay; Raw materials must be cleaned of impurities and make plastic; to impart the required degree of viscosity clay give lie down, and after a long time and a very high quality mixed - the mixture is removed from the air;
- finished raw materials fill the form carefully Promin in the direction from the center to the periphery; then left to dry clay - moisture from the raw material absorbs form; eventually clay mass shrinks and moves away from the walls of the mold without effort; at this stage semi removed from the molds and sent out to dry in spetskameru characterized required temperature and degree of humidity;
- future tiles sent to the firing in a furnace; Tiles are gaining strength, color and acquires the desired moisture resistance coefficient;
- web elements decorate clay or glaze, and then painted in a certain way;
- the final stage of the plate once again fired - it is necessary for the formation of monolith foundations and glazes and for the formation of the final hue; sometimes after the final baking on the tile is applied another layer of the decorative composition - for example, paint.
All this is interesting, but many question arises - is it possible to manufacture high-quality tiles for ovens with their own hands? It is not easy, but the answer is yes - independently tested to make ceramics for centuries as possible.
How to make your own tiles?
The manufacturing process of ceramics divided into stages. You should begin with preparation of raw materials.
Harvesting clay
Clay is on sale, but you can prepare it on their own. If the independent work is expected, it is recommended to take care stocks in the warm season. Lumps of clay must be dried well in direct sunlight.
The dried clay and rammer break sieved, removing impurities. Crushed raw pour water and mix thoroughly. During this procedure, the entire surface is slag - it is removed. Manipulation is repeated until, until it ceases to surface debris.
To work, it is desirable to use spetsomkost, which makes Uneven holes. Recent initially sealed, but as washing, is gradually opened. With this liquid is discharged - remains liquid raw material in the container. Clay moved into a low bowl and then dried in the sun. During the evaporation source is constantly stirred. Ready to believe pasty plastic material.
It is important to achieve clarity and plasticity of clay. This will allow, and work comfortably and not worry about the strength of the product
Mouldmaking
Facing materials, you can make whatever geometry. Based on the desired, prepare the form of gypsum. Scheme manufacturing clay preform:
- from a piece of clay is rolled flat cake;
- sharp tool cut out the desired shape and level off the edges;
- molded structural image and through stack sketch patterned applied; billet contour decorate earthenware rollers.
Further, from the bars making frame, which is placed in the preform. Then diluted in water gypsum - ratio of 7:10 (plaster: water). Model of clay humidified and then poured gypsum mixture.
Important! The gypsum should be used immediately. He quickly freezes and after a few minutes loses plasticity
First coated with a mixture model pattern, thin layer. After that, the composition of the frame is filled up to the rim. For the setting of plaster missing 15 minutes. After a quarter of an hour the frame is removed and purified form, is washed and dried. At this stage, it can already be used for the manufacture of tiles.
Molding and firing of tiles
The plaster model is ready - it is filled with malleable material. Pushing structural clay mold surface, taking care to fill the raw material is all items. Next - the turn of the Rump. Box made of four rollers, which are placed on the workpiece. It must be remembered wire holes. After a semi-tile slightly hardens, it is removed from the base.
Using a smooth polished clay element. The result should be a slight sheen surface. Decorative element at the time of leaving - he needs to dry.
The dry tiles placed in a muffle furnace (heating device, which is characterized by the presence of the protection of the fuel and combustion products). Between the tiles should be a small space, otherwise spekutsya elements together. The firing temperature - about 900 degrees. Curing time - about 4 h. After heat treatment, removing the tiles from the oven only when they have completely cooled.
tile Mural
At this stage tile manufacturing functional, but not spectacular. Minus eliminated with murals. There are two variants of decoration:
- cold method; in the course are oil paints - tile linseed oil, dried for a day, decorate, again dried and varnished; re-firing is not necessary;
- engobe painting (coating of liquid clay); It requires raznosortnyh clay and second firing; There are two sub-variants of this method:
- tile wetted in water and then treated with a thin layer of light engobe; giving the tiles a little dry, its heat-resistant paint in gouache; failure of enamelling tile engobe domeshivayut pounded glass - to harden; After painting the details are sent back into the oven;
- creamy clay tile cover; keep in mind that during the heat treatment painted ceramic tile can change color.
The process of glazing
Glaze is needed to enhance the effect of improving the strength and tile paintings. Driving enamelling:
- paste is prepared and stirred with pounded glass; the mixture should be creamy;
- in the finished composition is dipped tiles - either painted or without additional art processing;
- dried ceramics;
- re-fired.
When heated to the glass paste sintered tiles and form one whole.
To simplify the production of tiles may be used instead of clay plaster putty, but complex and manufacturing process may be preferable to form the finished silicone acquisition. In this case, the firing is not needed, and the casting procedure is considerably easier. But with this approach, there is a departure from tradition.
conclusion
Tiles do not look very modern. But that's the lies of their main charm. And if you add to the aesthetic component functionality - high and long-lasting heat - this tile in furnace design has no price.
Buy ready-made products easier, but perhaps it can bring so much pleasure? Conventional ceramics do not make their own hands, and in the case of a tiled everything is different. It is hardly necessary to give up the opportunity to make a facing material alone. Whatever it was, stove or fireplace, furnished with traditional tiles, and will please the eye and the body for many years.
