Types of furnaces: the types and names of heating stoves

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Do you know what "Dutch" is different from "Swede" or even what kinds of stoves are? You see, as the heat and heat capacity, affect the heating efficiency of a country house or a bath? If not - read carefully, we will talk about all classifications of furnaces used in modern construction.

Principles of classification furnaces

If you examine the directories, you will find that a single classification approved heating devices do not. This is due to the design flexibility, speed of modernization, regional specificity. So, boiler-heating furnace, installed in the houses of Ukraine and the Kuban region, are a kind of "Swede" and modern "Dutch" differ from the original structure of the chimney.

Conditionally can make grouping on the following grounds:

  • country of origin - Dutch, Swedish, Russian;
  • destination - heating, cooking, combined;
  • material - brick, stone, iron;
  • wall thickness - Thick, combined, thin-walled;
  • direct, multi-channel (serial and parallel) - the type of chimney;
  • furnace unit - closed and open (fireplaces);
  • shape - angular, square, circular, polygonal.

Consider modern forms of heating stoves and tell you, they will be most effective in any conditions.

Read also - the device and the principle of operation of a blast furnace.

Dutch oven for heating

The design was developed in the Netherlands, it differs rectangular shape and a single-channel direct chimney. Until the middle of the XIX century it was used in the homes of wealthy people, it was then driven out of central heating systems. In the Soviet Union like a furnace installed in suburban private homes, these days are used to create an original interior design.

Heating such devices are of little use - their efficiency does not exceed 40%.

These species have a number of advantages, attracting like-stove-makers masters, as well as residents of private homes.

  1. Simplicity of design - it will work properly even if the master allow a slight error in the construction.
  2. modifying availability - can be without sacrificing efficiency and special alterations to attach hearth.
  3. Different dimensions - if desired, the furnace size can be reduced to 50 cm2.
  4. Low cost of construction - material for such a furnace requires less than Russian or Swedish.
  5. Extensibility - You can increase the length of the chimney without changing the furnace area.
  6. Rapid heating without overrun wood.
  7. High heat - the possibility of heating the room up to 60 m2.
If you overdo it with the amount of firewood - the chimney can not cope with excess carbon monoxide, which is dangerous for the lives of the people in the room.

However, the "Dutch" is not without shortcomings, and low efficiency - not the most significant disadvantage. The device is sensitive to the quality of wood. Of high-fuel results in increased soot formation, which increases the risk of fire by 2 times.

If you overdo it with the amount of firewood - the chimney can not cope with excess carbon monoxide, which is dangerous for the lives of the people in the room.

Under Peter I Russian Dutch potters improved design, replacing the channel bell system. Such heating devices are operating in a countercurrent manner, can have a circular, triangular or polyhedral shape and be installed in any room. Europeans liked the innovation, so there were pseudo-Dutch.

Swedish oven and its variants

As the name implies, the inventors of the device are Swedes - avid hunters who live in the country with a raw and cold climates. Heating design was to keep the heat for a long time, be suitable for cooking and drying clothes. It is not surprising that the Swedish stove becomes an indispensable attribute of a hunting lodge.

"Swede" is an upgraded version of the "Dutch". Here chimney passed in a back part, called "shield" and has a meandering channel. Depending on its cross section, three types of "Swede" can be identified.

type of panel Description Advantages and disadvantages
With vertical chimney The channel has a vertical orientation and bending 2-3 (knee) Requires door 1 for cleaning the flue, but uneven warming plate (front faster)
With horizontal chimney The channel is positioned horizontally and has 3 or more bending. Shield warms evenly, but requires a lot of revision holes, which increases the cost of construction
With caps The channel has 2-3 chambers, in which hot air is delayed. Shield warms evenly, for maintenance of the chimney need one door, but the structure is complicated and not everyone is the master "in the teeth"

A typical "Swedish" with the hood has two firing modes - summer and winter. Switch between them by using the valve situated on the bend of the chimney. In the "summer" mode, the hot gas is removed directly, bypassing channels and caps flap.


"Swede" Modern furnaces used by residents of the southern regions of Russia, is a modernized version. In most cases the chimney has a horizontal or vertical direction, and a shield can extend 2-3 channel.

Russian stove for space heating

Familiar to us by the tales of the device holds the record for the number of alterations and improvements. It worked on the design of famous potters and obscure master self-taught. We will look at the classic type, and will not affect its variants.

Russian improved furnace efficiency can be up to 80%.

The central element - cooking chamber or crucible. In the front part of the structure has a rectangular opening - the mouth (forehead) through which lays the wood and set dishes with food. From each other and the mouth of the crucible are separated by a projection-wall which completes the set. As a result, hot gas is retained in the cooking chamber, and then flows into a front portion and discharged through a chimney to the outside.

Because of the design features of a Russian stove has several disadvantages:

  • uneven heating of the room - temperature at the ceiling can reach 25 0 C, while the floor tends to zero;
  • Low efficiency - approximately 70% of the heat "flies off" in the tube;
  • massiveness - some designs may take up to 50% hut area;
  • bad heat - the maximum heating area does not exceed 45 m2;
  • long run - after the summer downtime required daily heating.

Of the advantages can be noted universality - the furnace is used for heating and cooking. Another advantage is the ability to work on any solid fuel, including straw and brushwood.

countercurrent furnace

The most advanced type - the efficiency can reach 90%. Equally impressive display is possible due to the original structure in which an open flame chamber is separated from the flue wall. As a result, smoke is removed from the bottom of the furnace, and the room is warmed evenly.

It seems that this is not possible - the hot air always rises! This is true. But the device has a special hood, which collects and cools the smoke. Cold gas particles move down and are removed via chimney, and in their place, the heated air is supplied. This also achieves a high efficiency.

oven Wiman

Such heating furnaces have a number of advantages:

  • the possibility of the construction of devices of all sizes and shapes;
  • the bell can be installed water heater, oven or steam;
  • There is a process automation perspective.

Furnaces Wiman, retrofit recirculation system, even in apartment houses can be used. Their only drawback - the complexity of the design. Not every artist can build this kind.

Furnace Groom Grizhimaylo

Another counter-design, developed by Russian inventor stovemaker-VE Groom Grizhimaylo. It is circular in shape, so it can be styled under the Dutch oven (as did the enterprising Russian potters past 150 years). In its operation based on the principle of free movement of gases.

In the middle of the furnace is disposed yap - an opening through which the gases penetrate into the upper part, which is arranged above the cover. In this section, heat transfer takes place, the cooled gas is lowered, and the heated air rises.

The device Groom Grizhimaylo perfectly accumulates heat - the room temperature is not lowered even if the fireman had forgotten to close the valve. Cold air enters the furnace through the ash box, does not give hot flow to cool the unit and therefore a long time gives off heat, in spite of the relatively thin walls.

Classification of specific heat and a wall thickness

We reviewed popular once the furnace in the country and the name of the invention. However, the grouping by the heat capacity is more practical - such heating devices are not designed for continuous combustion, so important is their ability to accumulate and release heat.

The most specific heat are Russian furnace due to the massiveness of the structure.

Thin wall furnace having a thickness of about 6.5 cm. In most cases, a base such structures is the steel framework, at least - case. The foundation is not in use, it allows you to set the oven on all ceilings, wooden floor. Temperature thin species can reach 90 0 C, but their low thermal capacity. The room gets cold after only 2-3 hours after the decay of the fire.

To summarize

Species plurality of furnaces for heating. Which option preferable - depends on the ultimate goal of plant design and features of the room. For heating of large country houses can be built or upgraded Swedish design "Dutch" with the countercurrent system.