Long gone are the days when a man was forced to take care of itself how it to heat their own homes. We no longer go into details of what method to use for heating, some kind of fuel to use. With the development of urban infrastructure and the increasing number of people, there is an urgent need to solve the housing problem of heating in cities and towns centrally. The problem with the heating housing, public institutions and organizations in our country has decided to central heating, Large-scale project, which was successfully implemented in the days of the Soviet Union.
In the format in which the idea of district heating of housing facilities was implemented, was enough many disadvantages and shortcomings that we have to resolve today independently. However, before we talk about the shortcomings of the work of the system, with which we face every heating season, first let's deal with the very notion. What is the central heating system? Is it effective? How to give a central heatingIf his work does not suit you?
History reference. The origins of the problem
The theme of the organization of central heating and hot water supply is acute during the reign of Khrushchev. Intensive housing construction led to the fact that significantly increased the housing stock in our cities. Five-story buildings sprang up like mushrooms in the city there are new housing estates, which was necessary to provide heat and hot water. Residential apartment building is an object with lots of separate living spaces, requiring a complex organization of the heating system for the heating of the building.
Laying district heating mains, connect apartment buildings to provide a single system often implemented with technological problems. Sami connection projects of residential houses to district heating, the gasket by a building not assumed the technical possibilities to adjust the volume of the supplied heat and its distribution apartments. If you turn on the heaters - then the whole house was warm. To regulate the flow temperature depending on the climatic conditions at the house-level apartment was technically impossible.
Thoughts of another, more technically advanced heating system, though there were some inhabitants of the apartments, but in those days it was comparable to fiction.
For reference: To date, 30% of housing in the cities of Russia falls on the construction of 50-60-ies. About 50% of apartment buildings account for housing facilities built already in the Brezhnev era, during the 70-80s. From all this huge amount of housing stock, only 1-3% of today have central heating alternative heating sources.
Pay for heat on a general basis, it was accepted everywhere. There were tariffs for heating, which can vary downward or upward depending on regional affiliation. Cheap energy, unlimited fuel resources made the situation with the supply of heat in city apartments for the winter absurd. Heating of houses was in parallel with the air heated in the street. Questions about saving energy and therefore heat in city apartments do not arise. There was no heat meters accounting or technical capacity to decrease or increase the temperature in the apartment.
Free cheap fuel now no tariffs for heating are rising and we have to pay for an inefficient way of our predecessors in addressing the problems of their district heating wallets.
From the central heating in the apartment building, many are trying to give up today. The whole reason for the slowness of the existing system, the principle of centralized heat supply, put in it.
Insufficient thermal efficiency of buildings built in the last century leads to the fact that we are becoming hostages of the situation. We have to pay significant sums for heating residential premises, the heating quality, the work itself heating system, cause we have an objection. Especially, when the level of technological progress today allows enough ways and means to create their own, autonomous and independent home heating.
Be sure to check out: how to pay for heating less?
Solving problems with heating apartments individually
The problem in the next! Existing technology for supplying heat and hot water is constructed so that similar steps and actions by individual tenants encounter great technical difficulties. Technical communications, laid in the house, do not allow freewheeling to carry off one of the two subscribers of district heating. Decommissioning the individual elements of the system leads to a change in the configuration of the risers and conduits. As a consequence, the reduction of the working pressure in the heating system, significant changes in temperature in dwellings. The diagram shows how difficult looks vnutridomnaya heating circuit.
First, it provides a warm apartment on the highest floors, ie hot and hot at the top, and both have been on the lower floors. Central heating has a significant drawback - the lack of technical possibilities to control their own level of supplying heat directly to the consumer. What kind of comfort can be discussed without taking into account the economic factor! The colder it is outside, the higher the temperature of the radiators in the apartment. If the flat is well insulated, and the coolant temperature in the system reaches the position 50-700With, you just have to open the window in the dead of winter and warm atmosphere. Residents of other apartments at this time will experience a lack of heat. To pay for the consumed kilocalories have equally both, with different results.
Central heating system is designed for small household account of human needs in the warmth. From a technical point of view, a central heating system in its current form is cumbersome work object without feedback, according to the principle "given - and take-pay". Heating in the apartment with his hands, which are oriented today, many owners of city apartments in this respect is much more democratic.
Disconnect and pass away in the heating system is possible only when, in simple terms, you will be able to prove to local authorities and public utilities feasibility of your project and the need for individual heating security level for other tenants and Internal communications.
Important! From a legislative point of view, every owner of property in an apartment house has the right to abandon central heating and supplying hot water. If you have all the necessary technical justification of this decision, it is prepared from a technical point of view the project connect alternative heat source - you can seek official permission for its equipment, an independent system heating.
Practical plane address the issue with independent heating
When the central heating system can never fully meet the needs and desires of all the inhabitants of a house. One like it when the apartment is fresh and cool, others sell the contrary, heat and hot batteries. How to disable the central heating system if you are away for a long time, and you do not need so much time to heat the apartment to such an extent. How to avoid another unpleasant moments, which are associated with the annual expectation of the beginning of the heating season. The apartments are already cold and uncomfortable, and the government and the utility forward officially acceptable temperature readings. All these and many other questions will allow you to solve the heating.
Using a centralized gas supply, as well as electricity, can be at a decent level of technology to host normal heating in the apartment. In comparison with central heating autonomous systems look very attractive. Your boiler that runs on gas or electricity, gives you a lot of advantages, namely:
- You turn on at any time, independently of external climatic factors;
- independent adjustment of the internal temperature;
- you really know what you are paying the money;
- hot water in your home is always there, regardless of whether the repair and maintenance work on the heating system are carried out, or not.
Consider the technical details to solve this problem.
The first and most important thing that you need to know: unauthorized disconnection of apartment from the centralized heat supply system, water and other sources of energy, is punishable by law and is an administrative violation. In Art. 36 of the Housing Code spelled out quite clearly - elements of heating systems engineering are the property belonging to the building. The conclusion of a unified system of centralized heat supply of one apartment leads to a decrease in the total assets of the building. Therefore, the decision to reduce property fund residential building taken collectively at a meeting of property owners.
The more that the dismantling of individual elements of a centralized heating is possible only on the basis of regulatory approval and should be carried out directly by specialists.
Disable your apartment from the central heating is possible without the consent of the other inhabitants of your house. Such situations can be possible when the heating system is not included in obschedomovoe property. Despite a definite advantage in this case, the official permission is still required. The issue is that any changes to the engineering networks of residential houses should be made to the technical data sheet building, as such actions are qualified in accordance with applicable law as reorganization.
for disabling instruction from the central heating
With regard to documentation, which is required to issue to tenants wishing to disconnect, its list is defined in Article 26 of the Housing Code.
- free-form application, indicating the true motives of such actions;
- datasheet apartments, which is to be shut down;
- certificate of ownership of housing or rental agreement;
- the consent of all registered in the apartment residents.
- the official conclusion of experts on the technical capabilities of the outage.
In spite of the short list of the required documents, the last item may cause some difficulties in the process of registration, the more that the package of documents necessary to apply autonomous system design heating. No project, no movement on the issue.
At the proposed video explains in detail what is, what is the procedure for registration of the documentation for the equipment in the living room of an apartment building with autonomous heating system.
The project is under renovations apartment autonomous heating system - the key to your success
Rearrangement of apartments with subsequent installation of auxiliary boiler serious problem requiring competent technical documenting. Design work for the conversion of city apartments are carried out by the competent institutions and organizations. In the process of project development necessarily takes into account the thermal and hydraulic calculations, system activity data central heating operation after the output of the heating equipment elements single apartment.
The project should contain estimates of the residual heating from the existing risers and coils. All calculations must demonstrate technical ability to turn off without causing significant harm to the rest of the utilities in the house. Otherwise, the project will be rejected. At this stage and start the main difficulties.
Important: The provisions set forth in the Federal Law №130 «On Heat Supply" Just talking about banning transfer of property owners in apartment homes for individual heating system. So expect an official refusal is reasonable.
With the help of lawyers can be found legal loopholes that allow legally obtain a permit. The main thing that your project includes detailed information on the type of boiler and a heating equipment, calculations were based on the specifications specifically taken model and type of boiler equipment. In this case, the project has the potential to be agreed.
Having the finished package of documents can begin retrofitting the apartment. If the dismantling of the old heating system is carried out by experts of a service company or the housing department, the installation of an autonomous system can be carried out on their own. Technical issues arising in the process of mounting and installation of the heating system needs to be addressed in strict accordance with the project.
The willingness of independent heating system defines an engineer - heating engineer. His responsibilities include checking of all elements of the heating system in the apartment. Heating engineer assesses how well the heated boiler works and how the equipment in the system. The conclusion of the commissioning of the autonomous heating system is done only after a successful trial run.
The heat his apartment, gas or electricity, to solve the tenants of the apartment. In any case, the benefits will be obvious. If you were able to officially get off his property by a central heating system, you really become virtually independent from now on. Willfully engaged disconnect - our own peril. Upon detection of such an initiative you will not only have to pay a fine, but will have to return to the place all dismantled elements of a common heating system in operation.
Have patience and to ensure that planned. In any case, your desire to be justified, both from an economic point of view, and with the moral and psychological.
