12 important criteria for the choice of the bike: frame, wheels, brakes, fork, handlebars, seat, pedals

Bicycle in classical variant a means to move with two wheels driven by means of pedals with his feet. But produced and models with electric drive - electric bicycles.

12 kinds of bicycles

All the bicycles are divided into several types according to their use, structure, frame type, and drive transmission, height and weight of the rider, the number of speeds, etc.

On the appointment, are divided into the following types:

• Road,
• pleasure,
• Mountain,
• highway,
• track,
• touring,
• Hybrid,
• unicycle,
• BMX,
• Tandem,
• cruiser,
• Exotic.

Road

Road bikes - the classic version, designed for riding on a flat road. Equipped with front and rear wings - to protect the rider from mud and spray. They have a simple brake system, a rigid frame.

High speed dial does not succeed, because they are heavy because of the heavy weight frames and tires and without switching speeds (single speed). Advantages: reliability, practicality, affordability, ease of construction.

pleasure

Pleasure bicycle belongs to the urban type and is an improved road bike. This type has generally open frame, seatpost or front shock absorber, broad soft seat, wings, trunk or on the cart and the protection circuit. Multi-rate (7-12 speeds), with a cassette mechanism of a gear change.

Not designed for high load, that is to jump and overcome difficult obstacles not suitable. Designed for walks in parks and squares of the city, suitable for elderly people with active lifestyles.

Mountain

Common type, designed for off-road driving. Characteristic features such as: reinforced frame and handlebars, wide tires, high protector. All mountain bikes are divided into subtypes according to the intended use.

• For entry-level. Cheap models superficially similar to the real mountain biking. The only difference as attachments. Planting tall, of medium quality shock absorbers.
• For cross-country. Frame data models durable and lightweight with applications butted. Depreciation short-stroke forks lockable. Disc brakes are applied. Seat hard, low landing.
• Freestyle and trial. Designed to perform tricks. Frame solid, wide wheels, a powerful braking system, other additional equipment is usually not. There are models and bareback. This type of bikes suited to fans of freestyle.
• for downhill. Designed for high-speed driving to the mountains, withstand enormous loads. The frame is heavy and solid, powerful brakes, long-stroke shock absorbers. It designed just for this riding style.

highway

Road bike is designed for driving on smooth road surface at high speed. it is not recommended to ride over rough terrain. Frame durable and lightweight, thin large-diameter wheel, the steering wheel in the "ram horns" form, all provided for high speed drive.

track

Track models are designed exclusively for the ride on the cycle track at high speed. The design is simplified to the limit, the weight of the bicycle is facilitated. No brakes, transmission fixed, one gear ratio, aerodynamic wheels narrow, with hard rubber - everything is done to increase the drive speed.

touring

Touring - called touring bikes. Similar to highways models with sophisticated powertrain for steep climbs. They have a thicker wheel, it is possible to attach the trunk and hanging lights.

Hybrid

Hybrid two-wheeled transport - a combination of road and mountain bike. You can ride on it and on the highway at high speed and to call on an uneven terrain. The wheels have a large diameter of 28 inches, protectors medium, high frame is provided suspension fork and the brake disc.

BMX

Bicycle tricks are characterized by small wheels, on the order of 20 inches. BMX models are equipped with a mechanism to rotate and twist the wheel in one direction without damage to the brake cables.

unicycle

Unicycle or monocycles - have only one wheel with the seat. Divided into subspecies:

• Trick,
• traffic,
• Mountain.

Tandem

Bicycle for two or more people, a great option for family walks. Seated in front is responsible for managing and pedal can rotate at the same time or in succession. The design is characterized by a long frame, the absence of shock absorbers, separate drive system, and two seats. Tandems are like walking, mountain and road bikes.

cruisers

Cruiser is equipped with a massive frame, high wheel, with an unusual landing, and a wide seat, is not designed for racing, it is used for walks on flat paved roads.

exotic

For exotic bikes include unusual patterns that are different from all the others by their appearance and functionality. Exotic tales look outside the box, and sometimes even strange and not always they can be used for other purposes.

Children's bicycles: types, equipment, features

Designed for children of all ages from toddlers to teens. Most models of this category are equipped with a foot brake and the same speed, but there are variations depending on the age and growth of the child.

For each age bikes equipped with special mechanisms, for example, for the little ones there are additional balancing wheels.

Two-year toddler is quite able to master the pedaling. If the child is able to walk, run, bend down and squat, you can give him his first lessons in driving a bike.

Baby models are classified according to age groups:

• From year to 3 years. This group includes bicycles with pedals on the front wheel and three-wheeled model. The growth of a child for this category should be between 75- 95 cm.
• From 3 to 4 years. Age baby allows you to ride more actively. Bikes are equipped with high-grade wheels and two additional side wheels. It is important the presence of the protection on the steering wheel, to soften the blow. Bicycles equipped with chain guard to get into it less dirt, and does not engage the child's pants. The seat is soft and durable. Frame low to be easily baby seat. one speed, brake the rear wheels 12 inches. The growth of the baby for this category should be between 95- 101 cm.
• From 4 years to 6 years. Models in appearance similar to the previous group, only the wheels of larger diameter, the size is 16 inches. The growth of the child - within 101- 115 cm.
• 6 - 9 years. No additional wheels. Design may be different, there are small copies of adult bicycles. There are several additional possibilities: wheel diameter of 20 inches, the hand brake, several speeds and suspension fork. The growth of the child should be in the range 115- 128 cm.
• From 9 to 13 years. Designed for children's growth within 126- 155 cm. When grown to 135 cm diameter 24-inch wheels are selected when the child above the wheels need to 26 inches. This category of bikes is almost an adult model. Number velocity reaches 24. Provided front and rear brakes, as well as depreciation.

Lateral wheel complete

In some models of children's bicycles are supplied side wheels in the amount of two pieces. Kids, just getting used to a new transport, can not always keep a balance, so additional wheels are essential, so that the child can properly balance and safely go without upsetting to side. When the movement become more confident, wheels removed.

Side wheels are safety net and ensure safety. Sizes can vary from 12 to 20 inches, the choice must be guided by the child's age.

Possibility of side wheels

The main function of the additional wheels - a protection against zavalivanija. They can be attached to any children's bicycles, the main thing to know how to install and adjust.

The wheels are mounted under a nut on the rear wheel axis with a wrench and then fixed by the hind feathers. To fasten the wheel correctly you need to rely on their size, it is 12 - 20 inches.

On the bar marked special fission any size (lower at 12, under top 20 inches, respectively), the nut is inserted in the desired division. After the installation is done setting.

balancing wheel lift too high, too, can not be, otherwise they lose the meaning, they cease to perform their functions and will save the baby from falling.

Can be mounted on the fork disc brake. Option requires the presence of special holes on the fork. Screwed disc brake with a spanner wrench suitable size. The installation location must be rigidly fixed.

Can be mounted on the hub disc brake. Fastening of the member assumes the presence of the thread on the bushing for mounting the brake disc flange.

It can be mounted on the frame of the disc brake. Installation of the rear brake requires the presence of special fixing seats on the frame.

After installing the wheel balancing it is important to inspect the circuit - it could become loose because of the loosening of nuts. If necessary, the chain pull.

4 type of bicycles for adults: pros and cons

Bicycles for adults is usually not divided by gender, can be used by men and women. However, produce special female models - with a wide seat and a special frame construction.

Female bike

Women considered to be bikes with low frame, as they can travel even in a skirt. In addition, the female models, high seating position, wide rims and tires, longer wheelbase, wide and comfortable seat.

Due to differences in the physical anatomy of the sexes, in transport to give the distance from the seat to the steering wheel less. Frame made of aluminum for ease bicycle. The design of the pedals - is comfortable and allows you to move in any shoe, even on a small heel. The steering wheel has a few centimeters, in comparison with models for men and brake lever corresponds to the anatomy of the female hand.

Women's stories are divided into:

• mountain,
• highways,
• Travel.

Before buying you should pay attention to the weight of the bike. For models for girls it is 9-13 kg. Bicycle more difficult to lift and mass transfer. The important factor in choosing - the presence of additional elements (basket, dashboards, roof rack) because they increase the weight of the assembly, but adds functionality.

Folding bicycle

Folding models assembled compact, able to fit in a backpack or bag, and become a full-fledged two-wheeler exploded.

These bikes can be easily transported in a passenger lift and keep the house, as they do not take up a lot of space compared to conventional models. Assembly and disassembly is done without additional tools, we just need to fix the lock.

Folding bikes - a good option for people of short stature.

It is not recommended to buy cheap products of unknown firms, the fact there are several reasons: it is difficult to assemble and disassemble, heavy weight, the quality of the equipment is not high, the folding mechanism is not reliable, there is no possibility to lay down the steering column that does the construction compact.

Advantages:

1. Type - road. Ride it easy, straight back, there is no load on the hands.
2. The base is short, so that the true good maneuverability on city streets.
3. Compact - an important plus, easy to store and transport. There are bicycles in which even the pedals and steering wheel add up.
4. ease of construction.
5. In many models, the bundle includes a bag, which can be packed folded bike.

Disadvantages:

1. The strength of the frame is smaller because there is no structural integrity.
2. Disc brakes and other attachments are not complete, everything can be bought additionally if necessary.
3. Road characteristics of foldable mobile equipment is not the best. You must overcome obstacles with great caution so as not to damage the connector lock.

   These bikes long braking distances and they are able to ride only on smooth, paved roads.

4. Cheap models usually have greater weight.

electric bike

Electric bike - a kind of electric light type with small motors (150-1000 watts), which you can ride, without making any effort.

There are models in which the auxiliary motor becomes the power equally with the pedals, but is not the main drive member.

How many kilometers will pass bike depends on the capacity of the batteries, charge and degree of power the electric motor. Electric transport can also be used as a conventional bike that use only when driving pedal, not including the motor.

Benefits:

• People who are not physically developed or with disabilities can move around with ease and overcome steep climbs.
• When the battery is running low, keep moving, you can use the pedals.
• The batteries are charged from a household outlet.
• Compared with any other type of motor vehicle, electric bike is more economical cost.
• Takes up little space when parking and storage in comparison with the car.

Disadvantages:

• Due to the increased weight of the bike, and pedal control difficult.
• Standard models have a power reserve of between 30 - 50 km.
• Charging of the battery lasts about 3 - 5 hours.
• Lead-acid and lithium batteries are not more than three years.

The maximum speed of the electric bicycle

Manufacturers of electric bikes provide a top speed of 20-30 kilometers per hour.

This speed for the majority of cyclists is optimal.

A further increase in speed is not rational, since It spent more battery power. The rate of increase equates bicycles to electric mopeds, and to manage them need rights.

Those who speed of 20-30 km / h is small, it is necessary to strengthen the attachments, install more powerful brakes, reinforce the front fork and front wheel assembly attachment. You may need replacing rims and tires more suitable for the characteristics. The selection is made in accordance with the weight and the user's physical capabilities.

The engine will grow gyroscopic effect when making turns, which results in additional loads on the bearings.

There are electric bicycles, for which the speed limit exceeds 30 km / h, which is regulated by the manufacturer. When buying a bike, it is important that the seller has provided you with the technical regulations (copies of documents supplier), which confirms the safety of the vehicle for the people and environment environment.

Engine power electric bicycles

Engine power electric bikes ranges in between 150 to 1500 watts.

The higher the capacity of the unit, the faster it will pick up speed.

Battery capacity

electric bicycle battery is the most important element of the mechanism. On the specifications of the battery depends on the price of the bike.

Rechargeable batteries come in many forms:

• SLA (lead-kislotyne). Low cost, but one bike need 2 - 4 pieces, each weighing 4 kg. Resource enough for about 1.5-2 years of operation, and if the battery has not been used for a long time, the charge is lost quickly.
• Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH). Mid-market, low weight, the life of about three years. Unlike SLA-batteries have power does not fall over time.
• LI (lithium). Several subcategories: with cobalt, manganese, and polymer zhelezofosfatnye. The use of each type is different. Weigh little, small size, and will last about 5 years.

Operating voltage for electric bikes is 24,36,48 V. Depending on the voltage increases and the speed of transport, but not in all cases. For a more accurate calculation should take into account the efficiency of the motor.

The main parameter of the battery voltage is in addition to the tank. It is measured in A / h (ampere-hours). Capacity indicates the distance which can overcome the two-wheeled apparatus powered on, i.e. the magnitude of run.

For example: 4 Battery 10A / h Electrical bicycle allowed to pass 40km (without the aid of the pedals), taking into account the geographical features of the terrain, the distance would be less, since the load on the entire mechanism increases. If you increase the battery capacity, it is not in any way affect the entire electronic system as a whole, damage from it should not be.

Mileage per charge

Mileage depends not only on the engine power, the weight of the bike, but also on the weight of the cyclist. If 250W power, transport weight 24 kg and 75 kg person, the 1 kg mass will have to 2.5 watts. With this power density, external conditions will greatly affect the battery power consumption and at a distance that can pass.

To understand what kind of mileage will be charged in one cycle, a series of measurements was carried out with a variety of conditions.

• When driving a bike without pedals of smooth asphalt, and in calm weather, with a speed of 13 km / h is consumed tysyach 27 joules per 1 km. The distance is 48 km.
• When driving at a speed of 25 km / h on a level road and without wind energy consumed tysyach 40 joules. Distance - 32 km.
• For uniform motion at a speed of 18 km / h and at a wind of 5 meters per second, the power consumption of 53 thousand. The distance is 24 km.

On the run the following factors:

• Condition of the road,
• Relief road,
• Motor type,
• The presence of the wind and its direction,
• driving style
• The weight of the cyclist,
• Weight of the load on the trunk,
• Air temperature,
• Battery capacity.

To increase the mileage, you must observe the following rules:

1. Do not exceed a speed of 20 kilometers per hour.
2. Do not brake sharply and not make quick acceleration.
3. To maintain a high pressure in the tires.
4. Bicycle mass should be as small as possible.
5. Install more powerful battery.

Tandem

Tandem is a bike that is designed for several people, often for two. Seats are arranged in such a way that people sit one behind the other.

Tandem unlike regular bike has its own seat and its pedal for each person. There are options tandem with two rear wheels. Frame is made of aluminum, titanium or carbon.

Most models vperedisidyaschy cyclist is a major, and granted him control, but there is a structure where there is a possibility of steering switch.

Current models weigh less than two ordinary bike. Tandems faster than conventional bicycles and stable.

Ride a tandem can people with any physical preparation, as few people can handle any load. Double bike accelerates faster than normal and therefore uses a powerful and reliable braking system.

On tendemy drum set or hydraulic disc brakes. They are able to maintain a stable speed during the descent.

There are also some disadvantages:

• Tandem takes up more space in storage.
• In the event of obstacles behind the seated rider is not able to timely notice of and prepare for.
• Low maneuverability when cornering.
• The need for coordinated drive.

Before buying, make sure that the bike were installed good, easily switchable brake was wide and comfortable handlebar, seatpost with damper, adjustable rear overhang and contact pedal.

Adjustable rear removal is important, because It will be able to edit the distance between the riders as it is convenient. It should be noted that the growth of the riders is not so important - all the parts can be adjusted to each.

bicycle scheme

5 types of frames - Criterion №1

frame dimensions

Frame size is measured from the carriage axis to the edge of the seat tube. Calculated depending on what the cyclist growth.

To calculate the appropriate size you measure the inside leg length (the distance from the foot to the groin) and multiply by 0.59.

Bicycles produce with a size range of frames. Pleasure come in three sizes, ten dimensional highways.

Different manufacturers have different measure the height of the seat tube, so the same labeling of different firms may be quite different. Check all the options before buying an iron horse.

Marked frame numbers or letters on most bikes can be seen on the size of the frame itself.

The maximum and minimum frame size

Frame bicycle has different dimensions. The maximum frame size is 24 inches, in cm is 64, the symbol - XXLlarge. It is suitable to height 195 - 210 cm. Basically, these frames are designed for men.

The minimum frame size is 13 inches in centimeters is 33. Symbol - XSmall. Perfect for height 130 - 145 cm. Bikes with small frames are designed for children and adolescents.

frame material

Basically, frames are produced from alloys of various metals, such as steel, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, carbon fiber to impart strength and lightness.

An important parameter of any material is the rigidity. The higher the stiffness, the stronger the metal and thus heavier.

• Aluminum. In always added aluminum zinc alloys, magnesium and silicon, each has its marking. Aluminum frames are the easiest, but it features a large diameter pipe. Most bicycle frames made of this material. Plus the fact that aluminum is resistant to corrosion. The service life of an aluminum frame with the active driving about 10 years. To increase the strength of the alloy in manufacturing added butted.
• Steel. Frame, made of steel is inexpensive, so the steel is a common material. Most commonly used chrome-molybdenum alloys or simple. Also in the steel frames are added in the manufacture of butted, to reduce the overall weight of the structure, but it adds to the cost of the product. Chrome molybdenum steel is very flexible, so the ride is mitigating impacts and vibrations. Because of its flexibility, the steel frame has a limitation on the weight of the cyclist.
  

  Lack steel frames is that it in itself is heavy and subject to corrosion.

• Titanium. These alloys are expensive, but the quality and durability are guaranteed. Corrosion on titanium frame terrible, so it will not have to paint. High strength and impact resistance to the frame of the titanium alloy will maintain an attractive appearance. Frame weight is small. Basically, they are used in professional cycling.
• Magnesium. Rarely used in the production of bicycle parts, mainly because this metal does not make the frame and suspension fork. The material is easy enough, but is subject to corrosion and resistant to shock, the service life of about three years.
• CFRP. Carbon fiber is considered a composite material consisting of carbon fibers bonded with resin. Frame of carbon fiber are in one piece and components. Whole or monocoque frame is very strong, because unitary structure has a high stiffness, it is very easy.

  It is important to note that the stiffness of the frame affects the amount of resin (the smaller the pitch, the stronger the material) and the number of layers (more layers in different directions, the better the connection).

  The rigidity can be increased in a certain place and even in the desired direction by proper arrangement of fibers. Carbon fiber frames are most often used in professional driving. Advantages: strength, light weight. Disadvantages: high cost, susceptibility to corrosion, instability to shock, inability to repair composite structures.

Novice cyclists are recommended to buy bikes with frames made of aluminum or steel, but if the budget allows, you should look at the other materials (titanium or carbon fiber).

It should be noted that in addition to the metal from which the frame is formed, it is necessary to pay attention to producer, who should have a good reputation and provide guarantees for long-term operation.

Types and characteristics of bicycle wheels - Criterion №2

The diameter of the wheels

Wheel size is important and depends on the size of the rim and of the tire height. Almost all bicycle wheels are measured in inches, except road - they are in millimeters. To date, produce diameter from 20 to 29 inches.

The diameter of the wheel depends on the type of the bike:

• 20 inches fits on the rim 4.06 cm to models for children, folding bikes and BMX;
• 24 inches fits on the rim 5.07 cm to teenage models, extreme and outdated brands, such as Salute;
• 26 inches is on the rim to 5.59 cm for standard bikes for walks;
• 27 inches fits the rim to 6.22 cm bikes highway type;
• 28 inches fits the rim 6.22 cm to Soviet-style bicycles, and road-type models;
• 29 inches fits on the rim 6.22 cm to mountain MTB.

usually selected wheel diameter of 28 inches for travel bikes, because constant speed, the roads are good, stop rare. Mountain models suitable diameter of 26 inches, because the stop private, use low speed, rough road.

Wheel diameter influences the permeability of the bicycle and fast. The larger the diameter, the greater distance will be overcome with less expenditure of time. But this energy will be spent more on it to turn the wheel. The torque is lost, the time required to disperse more.

It turns out that, on wheels 20 inches in size will be much simpler and easier to disperse than the 28-inch wheels, but with all of this is enough to keep most of the speed will be much harder.

rim Material

The rim must possess strength and lightness, so the main part of the part made of aluminum and alloys. Aluminum is the most reliable material for their production.

In some models of bicycle use steel rims, but they are heavy and do not wear. Steel rim set mainly on inexpensive models. If you get a budget bike, it is recommended to purchase a aluminum rim to the wheels.

Cord Material bortirovochnogo

The cord is located within the tire and is made of Kevlar fibers.

Used material, Kevlar, has high strength. Kevlar is also used for the reinforcement of tires.

Number of wheels

The total number of wheels in the bike depends, probably, on the age of the rider. Adult models have two wheels and bicycles for children and adolescents have two additional wheel for proper balance. Also, there is a three-wheeled bicycle for children.

In addition to the common two, three and four-wheeled designs are one-wheeled, it monocycles. They consist of only one wheel, pedals, bottom bracket mechanism, frame and seat. There is another modification called ultimeyt, it only has a wheel and pedals.

3 types of bicycle brakes - Criterion №3

In the process of cycling are important brakes, they are essential when descending a sloping surface and when driving over bumps. Brakes There are front and rear.

rear brakes

The rear unit is divided into:

• sleeve (drum)
• rim (chuck)
• disk (mechanical, hydraulic).

Each type of brake has its own characteristics, so it is very important to pay attention to this when choosing them.

drum brake. Currently, it can be found on bikes with the same speed. Drive type drum brakes are classified into two types: a pedal-operated and hand-operated. Foot brake is located on the rear hub.

The advantages include: durability, strength, good power, no influence on the rim. Disadvantages: large load on the wheel spokes and hub, overheating when you long press, use only single-speed bikes.

rim brake. Inhibition is due to the friction pad on the rear wheel rim, provides a good performance. The principle of operation of the brake may be different, although the same type of device.

disc brake. The most common type of brakes, similar to the mechanism of the brake systems for motorcycles and cars. The design includes:

• cable,
• the hose,
• pads,
• rotor,
• calipers,
• handle.

Disc brakes are designed to smoothly perform its function. The rim of the wheel does not wear out.

front brake

The front brake is more effective when braking, it accounts for 70 percent of the braking force. During a steep descent, or when turning the front brake should be avoided.

When braking, the front wheel, the entire mass is moving forward and should be possible to move back to the center of gravity has moved closer to the rear wheel. Thus, the braking is more efficient and better grip.

body weight under braking the front brake is best to move the pedals, rather than on the steering wheel. two brakes provided in the bike, but if you learn how to properly manage the front, the rear is no longer a need to.

Emergency braking the front brake is necessary to squeeze very strongly to the rear wheel is sought off the ground, in any case no need to press at this time the rear brake, and it will skid bicycle.

Braking level.

The class of this parameter is determined by the use of the bike, riding style, and model. Several distinct classes of the front and rear brakes:

• Elementary.
• Pleasure.
• Professional.
• Semi.
• Sports.

Tial brake must be powerful, to bicycles BMX sometimes do not put a brake.

5 wheel drive types in a bike - Criterion №4

When choosing a bike is an important factor that is worth paying attention to - drive type.

drive types are classified into:

• chain,
• belt,
• the rotary shaft,
• electric,
• Hydraulic drive.

Drive - functional bicycle assembly, whereby the rotational force from the pedal action is transmitted to the wheels.

chain belt

The chain drive is most common today. When pedaling mechanical energy is transmitted to the wheels due to a chain that engages the transmission star. One chain transmits the movement several stars.

The chains are very strong, so the load on the tire can be quite large. The efficiency of the chain drive of the order of 95%. Installing and replacing the chain is made easy. The disadvantage is the rapid wear and tension for long term use.

belt drive

Instead of a chain used belt drive torque. The system does not need to be lubricated, it does not corrode and are not noisy unlike chain. For gear systems use special devices, called planetary hubs.

Shaft drive

For the torque transmission shaft is used instead of a chain. This type of drive is called cardan, cardan although most are not here, straight shaft with the transmission does all the work.

Shaft drive is easy to use and lasts a long time, because the entire mechanism is protected from dirt and dust. But for gear need additional planetary sleeve.

electric drive

Electric bikes are equipped with a motor that converts electricity into mechanical energy. Drive virtually absent - the motor is usually located in the hub wheel and immediately transmits the torque to the wheel.

hydraulic drive

The hydraulic actuator is a pump, pumping fluid and transmitting torque from the wheel carriage. The liquid stream emerging from the pump piston pressure is converted into mechanical energy.

The drive operates quietly and allows for the possibility of use as a hydraulic brake. This mechanism requires minimal maintenance. Torque is transmitted in both directions (forward, backward), so the drive can be installed on the front, rear or on both wheels,

Among the shortcomings:

• Small efficiency, about 70%,
• Great weight mechanism,
• If hydraulic break, the whole system fails.

speed changers: types, structure, characteristics - Criterion №5

planetary hub

Inside the sleeve is a planetary gear mechanism of which is controlled by changing the gear ratio. Coupling adjustment gear takes place by means of the speed selector located on the handlebars of the bike.

The device of this mechanism is very complicated, to some extent reminiscent of car transmission device. planetary hub design includes several elements: a sun gear, satellite, planet carrier and epicycle.

Gear "Sun" is fixed on the rear wheel axis for it cling planetary gear (satallity). To fix them, use a carrier, which in turn determines the direction of rotation of the satellite, and do not allow them to engage with each other. Epicycle is rotated by the pedals.

Pros of using planetary hubs:

• Low wear star and direct the course of the chain.
• Compared with the tapes, the mechanism is very durable, as hidden from external influences.
• The sleeve is difficult to break the accident, so periodic maintenance is required.

Lows in the operation of the planetary hubs:

• Very high cost, the more apart from the bike.
• The racing bike models are not applicable.
• A lot of weight, about a kilo.
• The complexity of repair, it is better to buy a new one.

Number of stars in the cassette

A cassette in a two-wheeled vehicle is a kind of a pyramid, which is typed from stars of different size with a larger or smaller number of teeth.

The number of stars depends on the number of transmissions. Stars usually from 6 to 9 pieces. For different models and driving style suited cassettes comprising a different number of stars.

Number of stars in the system

How much should be stars in the system determines the total number of gears the bike. The total number of stars is different, it all depends on the bike model. In the pedal carriage star is from 2 to 3, and the cassette 5 to 10. Accordingly, the system includes 10 to 30 Stars. Each star has a different number of teeth and different diameters.

Stars need to choose is how much you want to have a speed on his bike.

Number of speeds

Modern two-wheeled vehicles equipped with a full-speed system. To understand how much the bike speeds, it is possible for the number of stars. They can be installed not only on the tape, but also on the rear wheel. To count the number of rates, it is necessary to multiply the number of stars on the front of the number of stars behind. For example, on the pedals three stars, and five on the back wheel, it turns fifteen speeds.

The minimum is 2 at the front and five rear, and the maximum is 3 in front and 10 rear. The most common version is the number of speeds of 21. These bikes are used to driving in any urban roads and forest paths. At highway speeds usually larger models, because this assumes fast driving. On children's bicycle speed a little or not at all.

To shift system has served for a long time and did not break, it's important to follow some rules. How to shift gears properly:

• No need to switch on up the hill, the load on the chain increases significantly. When lifting is best to choose the slowest speed that is first on both switches.
  

  Speed ​​switching is best at minimum loads.

  But cross-country assumes greater load on the high-speed system, so fans of this style of driving buy high-end attachments, and carefully monitor the cleanliness and condition of chains and stars.
• Switch should only be carried out during the movement when spinning the pedals, otherwise there is a strong chain wear.
• The difference between the stars do not allow more than 4. In other words, you do not need to choose the highest possible speed on the front / back of the star and the lowest on the other. From a big difference chain is stretched rapidly, resulting in damage to high-speed system.
• The chain must be regularly lubricated with bicycle grease. Know when the need for lubrication, can be on a grinding sound from the chain while riding. Before greasing the chain should be cleaned with kerosene, and if the bike is operated with care, you can simply wipe with a damp hoe, then lubricate.

Number of teeth

The total number of teeth on the star facing the first, varies from 15 to 68. Traffic on the bike becomes a lot easier when the teeth longer. The parameter depends on the total number of stars in the equipment.

• Three-star system. 44:34:22 or 46:34:22 (on one star tooth 44/46, on the other 34, 22 in the third).
• The two-star system. 52:42 (the first 52, the second tooth 42)

The middle sprocket usually ranges from 22 to 46 teeth.

The third star teeth amount varies from 20 to 38.

cassette and the level of the front derailleur

Class velokasset happens:

• Elementary. For quiet measured drive.
• Pleasure. For active driving.
• Professional. For athletes - professionals.
• Semi. Close to a professional, but the price and the quality is lower.
• Sports. For athletes lovers.

The level of the rear derailleur

rear derailleur, there are several levels.

• Professional. It is used by professional athletes. Such a switch is quite expensive, but at the height of quality. Operation without setting designed for 5000 km.
• Semi. He is close to a professional, value for money combined.
• Sports. These switches are designed for amateurs.
• Pleasure. For lovers of walking the bike. Without setting will serve up to 3 thousand kilometers. If the switch is inexpensive, low wear resistance.
• Elementary. The easiest and most inexpensive option. Adjustment is needed every half kilometer.

design manetok

Shifters also have a second name, shifters. They are designed to shift, quite a long time they were attached to the frame, is now installed on the steering wheel. Transfer switch by transmitting the load from manetok to the switches through a cable.

the bracket construction consists of several blocks. At the mobile unit is wound / unwound cable, it pulls the switch speed, then the block is fixed in a spring retainer ratchet. The mobile unit is moved by the handle.

The mechanism must be arranged so as to coincide with one click of a switching speed.

Depending on the number of gear shifters are divided into several types:

• friction,
• With the rotary handle,
• Trigger with two levers,
• Index single lever,
• Combined with the brake lever.

What type manetok choose depends on your preferences.

The construction of the carriage

By carriage strict requirements in terms of reliability, precision installation and execution of every detail, so it is important to know how it is arranged.

The carriage accounts for a large power load and abrasion. Power load means the cyclist weight, pressing on the mechanism, and involves bearing the abrasive contamination.

Structurally, the carriage is made of several parts:

• Axis. Located within the housing assumes free rotation. At the end of the fastening axis are rods.
• slots. These are special devices for securing the rods.
• housing. To it are attached bearing, also with a cup is put into the cavity of the housing axis.
• A cup. Detail of the device for fastening a glass.

The carriage is mounted to the frame in place of bottom bracket cups. The carriage is small in size part of the bicycle.

Carriages are several types, which are divided on the design parameters:

• Hull length.
• axis length.
• Thread type.
• Type of fastening rods.

In the documentation, all data should be. It is better to choose depending on the type of front derailleur is not integrated carriage. In current models, in addition there is a special key.

Type of landing of the shaft carriage

On inexpensive bikes shaft and connecting rods of the carriage are combined in one piece. On older bikes connection is made using the key. Most modern manufacturing requires a shaft connection with the planting of rods per square.

splined used on the most expensive models of mountain and road bikes. Such a compound requires greater stiffness than the square, as well as the possibility to use larger diameter shafts.

The level of a carriage

Class velokaretki happens:

• Elementary.
• Pleasure.
• Professional.
• Semi.
• Sports.

Bicycle saddles: the features and characteristics - Criterion №6

Material seat frame

Branch saddle made of different metals. Modern frame is made of steel, hrommolibdena, carbon, vanadium or titanium alloys.

• Steel frame for the seat. They are inexpensive, heavy in weight, durable, but if the cyclist weight more than 90 kg or intended riding in sporting style, it is best to choose a different metal.
• CFRP. Very lightweight and durable material, but it is rarely used for the seat frame, only when necessary to facilitate the overall weight of the structure.
• Titanium saddle frame. Frames made of titanium alloys are light, strong, but the cost of them is quite high. Such frames are suitable for skating-style cross-country.
• Vanadium. wear resistant vanadium alloys, are suitable for bikes used in extreme conditions. But this alloy is not popular.

seat material

The top of the saddle may be made of different materials. The most comfortable and more hygienic considered genuine leather. If tanned leather material for the right technology, the seat will take the anatomical shape cyclist that gives extra comfort.

For strength and durability of the leather at the edges of the saddle sheathe Kevlar. It is important to note that if the weight of the rider exceeds 85kg, a leather saddle is recommended not to use it very quickly izotretsya.

Budget option, this is the seat of artificial leather. Also there are plastic seat. For additional softness to the saddle gel inserts can be added.

Saddle with springs

Saddle with springs softens shocks when driving over bumps or other irregularities. Pendant in the form of springs in modern bicycles is used not often, because such seat used only in the older models of bikes as it is only suitable for slow walks through the city streets. Above all, the spring seat on bends can strongly shake the bike.

Experienced cyclists do not need to be softened saddles, as they serve as shock absorbers own feet. The irregularities during the ride, legs bent at the knees and hips during this time lifted without touching the seat. But during heavy, tired legs, additional suspension to soften sometimes still necessary.

Mountain bikes for added comfort provided voluminous and wide tires and shock absorbers, it is enough to soften the blows.

through slots on a bicycle saddle are provided for additional ventilation and comfort. But all convenient to move on these seats for each person the concept of comfort and its slot on the saddle, not all are comfortable. It is recommended to purchase two-wheeled transport, test multiple variants of seats, to understand exactly what is right for you.

6 types of steering wheels - Criterion №7

The design of steering

Handlebars for bicycles are designed differently for each type of two-wheeled unit requires different forms.

• Mining wheel. It's an option to ride on the road. At the helm is possible only one hand position, but if further attach the horns, it will have two positions available. For road bikes handlebars such models do not fit.
• vertical wheel. Set mainly in hybrids. Vertical wheel has two hand positions.
• horns lamb. In appearance resembles a ram's horn, and from this the name. Mounted on the highways and travel stories. Hands can be held in four positions.
• Butterfly. The shape resembles a butterfly. There are four hand positions.
• Mustache. Similar to driving a butterfly, imyutet three hand positions.
• Cowhorn. Used only in racing or cycling, it has three hand positions.

The most popular are aluminum.

Adjustable handlebar stem

Removal of the bicycle wheel is regulated and unregulated. Adjustable removal applies only to mountain bikes, which is especially important for beginners.

For the first time not unusual vertical landing normally, so with the help of a controlled removal, you can gradually reduce the level until it is comfortable to ride. In other cases, adjustable steering wheel is not important, but even more dangerous, especially in extreme and high-speed driving.

Adjustable lifting wheel

The angle of the steering wheel depends on the voltage arm muscles and overall rider. Tilt steering is required in different cases.

Wheel lift with tourist arrivals. This parameter can be set individually for each driving style. Level zero is the seat position.

Removal from an acute angle helps to make the wheel above. On BMX bikes handlebars high as the height of the grip points is increased by the steering tube. Before the start of the adjustment wheel lift is necessary to pay attention to the type of column.

Bicycle forks: types, construction and characteristics - Criterion №8

fork design

The fork is a part of the steering system provides steering and is responsible for mounting the front wheel. The front and rear fork together is not particularly distinguished. Front structure ensures reliable fastening of the main parts.

After the steering column passes fork rod which is attached to the wheel.

Plug type is selected depending on the bike model. Suspension fork lets you ride in comfort, rather than rigid.

The structure of the suspension fork is more complex than the hard, but knowing all the functions of the individual elements and parameters of every detail, to serve a two-wheeled transport is not difficult.

It can be divided into several types according to the principle of amortization mechanism and the differences in the structural features of the forks:

• Air kinds of plugs,
• Fork with springs,
• Spring-elastomer device,
• Rigid forks,
• Spring-oil model, forks,
• Air-oil variety.

The first three types are able to soften hard bumps with sharp slopes, but jumps when hit by small stones can not remove. Fork with high rigidity allows the bike to develop good speed on a flat surface. The latter two types allow to soften small jumps when hit by small bumps in the road.

To adjust the rigidity of forks required pumping pressure pump.

The plug design has some features, so there are several types:

• Common (or odnokoronnye). Used on bikes for touring, easy walks on rough terrain, travel along the forest paths or on the speed of the race.
• Dvuhkoronnye. These plugs are used in the velocity models for racing on the road, a mountain slopes.
• unicorn. Legged fork capable of holding axis with only one hand, making it easy to replace the camera in case of breakage, it is not necessary to remove the wheel.
• inverted. Inverted forks are used for bikes designed for jumping from a great height.

Outer fork device comprises several interconnected elements:

• Stock. The rod is the main axis of which is connected with the crown. The rod is made of steel, aluminum or carbon. This part needs to be installed on the fork frame.
• Crown. It is attached stem and fork. Crown usually made of aluminum alloy or carbon.
• Leg. The movable element in the form of a hollow tube which rigidly holds the front wheel. Inside leg springs are arranged, the spring constant blocker blocker and amortization. At the fork with zero swing legs called feathers.
  

  Make plug from carbon steel, chrome surface.

• Trousers. The apparatus of two cups interconnected by a brace. Pants are made of aluminum alloy with magnesium, the more expensive versions are made of carbon fiber. Pants have only the depreciation of forks. If the plug type inverted, the pants and glasses connected.
• break bosses. Constitute an axis with an internal thread, the brake levers put on this axis.
• dropouts. Special attachment to trousers. Dropouts are made of steel or aluminum. These mounts allow you to quickly remove the wheel.
• Disc brake mount. They represent two legs with a special threaded inside. These devices are designed to secure the caliper.

The inner plug device is a fairly complex structure consisting of certain details.

anthers. On some types of high-end fork forks set of neoprene, cheaper fork put anthers of rubber, made in the form of an accordion.

springs. The springs are needed to mitigate the rebound when driving over bumps. The coil springs of the spring forks are made of steel or titanium alloy. The air-oil forks instead of springs, compressed air is used.

The expensive springs apply additional airbags.

guides. Represent a thin-walled sleeve are made of plastic. Guides installed inside the fork pants. The connection is performed by means of fixing elements.

stiffness regulator. It is a bolt installed inside the nut. The bolt compresses the spring inside the plug. The controller is designed quite simply, in a nut is a threaded rod on the outside. The action of the rotary knob is transmitted from the axle, further converted into a linear motion axis.

depreciation blocker. Designed to block the depreciation in the fork. The touch of a lever, the plug gets tough. The lever is located either directly on the plug or on the steering wheel, derived remotely via the connecting cable. At the low-cost models, instead of putting caps lock.

Lock mechanism itself is arranged as follows. The item consists of two parts, upper and lower stop. When the switch lever, the upper stopper is inverted, in a position lower limit rod block entry into the upper opening, it turns out that the plug wedges.

Oil Seals. They are designed to prevent contact with the fork damping dust and dirt, which helps to keep the grease in a suitable condition for a long time.

Damper. The shock-absorbing fork this detail is necessary for that after the spring compression, slow its rebound. Normally, when the plug is lost rebounds bicycle grip to the road. Damper softens the sharp rebound. It should be noted that, in spring forks and Air models do not have such a device, only the friction of the legs and seals slightly reduces energy springs rebound.

The forks elastomeric spring-damper is used, which is a piece of flexible plastic material, is inserted into the spring. When the spring is compressed, the plastic expands, and when the rebound spring is slowing down. To plastic does not burst from the action of hard springs, it smeared liberally and regularly lubricated.

The spring-oil and oil-air damper is used as the oil. At movement downwards the fork, oil leaks through the valve during the return movement upwards, the oil slowly flows through the small holes. Oil dampers are in the form of an open bath, half-bath and bath closed.

Do not forget that parts wear out after prolonged use, and therefore it is necessary to lubricate the fork regularly, but at least once a year.

Dvuhkoronnaya fork in its design is more reliable than odnokoronnaya have been mounted to the tube is made in two places. Soft plug perfectly withstands heavy loads, such as the descent from the mountain at high speed.

Level soft plug

Class suspension fork depends on many characteristics, design and materials used. Are 4 levels:

• The initial level of the fork assumes the simplest options forks, usually with a course of 0.6 cm. Spring plugs are usually not regulated, over time, become soft or hard.
• Pleasure level assumes a stroke of 0.6 cm. There is adjustable stiffness. With a fork to ride more comfortable than with the forks of the initial class.
• Sports level provided for athletes - amateur serve several seasons.
• The professional level of the plug is suitable for professionals who like aggressive driving.

The fork

Dirt course for fork can not be more than 10 cm. For the downhill course is chosen by 18 cm. For cross-country course need about 8 - 10 cm. For piste - from 15 to 18 cm. Tial 0 cm, rigid fork.

Adjusting the fork stroke

Changing the size of the plug (Extension Control) is smooth or irregular change fork stroke.

For correct adjustment it is necessary to put the bicycle on its side, to measure the distance between the dust lip and the lower fork point. Then raise the bike to its normal position, repeatedly push the front forks and then measure the result.

If the index is less, then you need to reduce the preload, if more, then increase. To properly do this, you need to read the operating instructions of the bike.

Adjusting the fork spring rate

The spring rate can be found by measuring the dynamic deflection. It is measured as a percentage of full speed. If the dynamic deflection of less than 1 cm, the spring must be replaced by the softer, and if the record of more than 1 cm, on hard.

There are several settings rigidity of forks:

• Preload (negative travel) - is responsible for the spring rate. Usually does not exceed 10% of the stroke. Adjust it once under the weight of a particular user. Settings are only required when changing the driving style with gently on tighter.
• Rebound - setting responsible for the retreat, which is important when changing road surface. For smooth, paved road, a minimum rebound to reduce energy costs pedals torsion. For rough, difficult road settings spun to plug could work in full force. There are complicated forks models that themselves alter the rebound speed.
• Compression - tuning fork compression speed. Adjusts fork compression time under the influence of external impacts. Compression is a high-speed and low-speed.
• Extension control - adjust the course with the ability to lock. In modern devices capable of storing setting position and independently adjust the speed and course of the fork.
• LockOut - rarely occurring tuning fork is completely blocked in one position.
• Rositive sprin (compression spring). Adjusting the spring is at the top leg. In air forks adjustment is made by changing the air pressure in the chamber.
• Negative spring (rebound spring). Denotes the original parameters of the plug.

4 types of bicycle steering columns - Criterion №9

Steering column - this is the mechanism by which there is control the direction of movement of the bike. The steering mechanism consists of several elements:

• Wheel. This crossbar is designed to grip his hands. The simplest option - it is a straight tube, but modern rudders have a more complex structure.
• Takeaway. A brief tube attached to the wheel, has two bolt for fastening the steering tube and steering.
• Head tube. A device that connects the fork and the wheel (otherwise, it is the stem).
• Steering column. The apparatus of two cups and two bearings. The steering column allows the tube to easily rotate the steering cup. At the top of the pipe is anchored.
• Steering cup. A brief pipe is located on the frame with internal bevels, glass inserted in the cups and bearings.

What steering it is right for you, you can understand just trying to ride on different types. It is also important to know what style of riding you will be using.

The design of the steering column

This part of the bike should provide high reliability and ease of mounting and rotation of the plug stem. There are several types of steering columns.

• threaded. The most common embodiment of a steering column that is used mainly for recreational models. The plug is held due to an internal thread and a nut at the top of the cup. Inside the frame on both sides pressed into the cup, they are stacked bearings hockey. The plug is located inside the node. Steering column with a thread is not very reliable and difficult to set up, but it is not expensive, weighs little, unpretentious in operation.
• threadless. Such a steering column is mainly used on bikes with aluminum frame. The fork is fixed in this case is not due to the thread, because she is not here, but due to the fork brace, which is pressed into the stem. Threadless steering column consists of cups, it pressed into the head tube. Bearing is mounted in a column and the ring is closed. The tube is fixed after installation and removal of rings.
• Semi-Integrated. Applied in models with a frame made of aluminum or carbon. Bearing cup positioned in the inner part of the tube located outside the bellow. Mounting is performed on the basis of threadless speakers.

  The advantage of such a column is that you can let go of the steering wheel minimally low to the ground.

  Semi-Integrated steering column allows you to set an arbitrary height of the steering wheel. The combination of cups and bearings are fully considered the best in the glass.
• integrated. Characterized by the absence of cups, bearings pressed into the frame. The design is simple and easy, but difficult to install and repair.

When the backlash column, it can be independently removed. Knowing the structure of the column, it is not difficult to do, it is important to carry out some recommendations:

1. removal of the bolts are released with a special tool.
2. Produced tightening the bolt, which is located on the lid.
3. Then, a tightening of bolts on the steering wheel.
4. Checks for play.
5. If everything is properly adjusted, the wheel should rotate freely without much effort.

The design of the steering column is selected depending on driving style.

column size

This part of the bike is a device consisting of several parts: an anchor, two cups, two bearings and spacers.

There are 4 sizes of steering columns:

• 1 inch, for threaded columns
• 1^1/8 inch, to steering columns of type A-Head,
• 1^1/4 inches,
• 1.5 inches.

Bicycle shock absorbers: the properties and characteristics - Criterion №10

The main depreciation when driving on a bicycle - it's legs. However, not always smooth the bumps in the road in such a way to help the whole shock-absorbing system comes.

Besides cushioning the seat post, the spring applied to the saddle. Mountain bikes are provided with voluminous and wide tires that best absorb shocks and minor irregularities that allow comfortable driving.

There are three types of bicycles:

• Hard - without depreciation,
• Hard Trail - a suspension fork,
• Dvuhpodvesnye - with suspension fork and suspension on the rear wheel.

Sinking seatpost

Sinking pin located under the saddle, it performs additional cushioning function.

Structurally depreciation pins are divided into two groups:

• Telescopic. It is inexpensive, but it quickly wears out. Short service life due to the fact that there is a strong friction, the compression direction of the pin does not coincide with the direction of the bottom punches.
• Lever. Also it is called parallelogram seat post. The design in the form of a parallelogram gives softening due to the elastomer. When push seat leans back. The item has increased reliability, but the hinges are subject to high wear and heavily soiled, require frequent diagnosis. Cost lever seatpost is much higher than the price of a telescopic rod.

Sinking seatpost selected according to several parameters.

Locking rear shock absorber stroke

Lock reverse suggests the possibility of shock stall. Locking the rear damper, the bike turns out to dvuhpodvesnogo Hard Trail. Such actions undertaken primarily during slow descent from the mountain. But not every shock absorber is equipped with this function, it is an option, which is set by more expensive models of two-wheeled vehicles.

Lock the fork stroke (front spring)

Lock fork stroke - mechanism locks the front fork making it tough (mounted on bikes with front spring), the fork block required when driving on a flat road, when acceleration or speed the entrance to the mountain.

If not block the plug, the pressure applied to the pedals will partially leave the front shock absorber, thereby reducing the coefficient of useful action. Priority need such a device drivers.

stroke lock mostly recruited on the road bike models. The difference in design: the plug is blocked by the lever located on the handlebar (additionally set), or directly on the forks.

Adjusting the stiffness of the rear suspension springs

Adjusting the spring rate assumes the concept seg.

It measured as a percentage, usually 30% of the whole stroke. To measure seg, you must first measure the length of the rod without the rider and then with him, you get the difference, which is the size of the compression spring.

If the index more than 30%, then put a softer spring, if less, then harder. Too stiff spring will give blows pedal too soft entail breaking suspension and wheels will fall on each irregularities.

It is important to find a middle ground, that is, to achieve 30%. Setting Sega made using a special ring, which presses the spring.

Changing the length of cushioning device of the rear, it is carried out by changing the spring constant for this use special tools.

Adjusting the backstop speed rear shock

This setting requires damping rebound after compression of the rear shock. When you set up a quick rebound adjuster need to turn counter-clockwise, it will shake the suspension, which receives a substantial impact can throw the rider out of the saddle.

If you need to adjust the slow speed, then you need to turn in a clockwise direction, but the shock on uneven road surfaces will not work properly. Proper configuration suggests that somewhere between fast and slow rebound.

There is no clear guidance as work suspension is completely dependent on the variant of the suspension and of the mass of the cyclist.

Adjusting rear suspension compression rate

Adjustment at the beginning of the course. The setting is made counterclockwise increases the softness, but decreases the activity of the shock absorber works.

In this setting the best downhill unwind. In bicycles for cross-country adjusted first suspension, then the shock absorber is tuned compression rate. For the four-cross configuration is twisted until it stops. By turning the regulator does not need to exert much effort, it should spin easily.

Adjusting the compression stroke at the end of the shock absorber. You should start with a minimum configuration, by turning anti-clockwise until the volume of the chamber is filled with air. If you leave the regulator in such a situation the suspension will provide softness.

If spin clockwise, then this setting is perfect for lovers of jumping from a great height.

Velopedali: types and characteristics - Criterion №11

They pedal to the two-wheeled unit as important as the other major part of the whole mechanism. Pedal gets a big load, torque and weight crushes cyclist's body. Pedals must withstand all shocks, therefore designed in such a way that their strength was at altitude.

Kinds of pedals manufacturers offer a lot, the choice is quite large, but most bikes usually have staffed pedals. Types pedals are as follows:

• Pleasure or conventional.
• With additional fixing feet, special spikes are provided in the structure.
• With additional fixing by means of a special attachment in the form of belts.
• The contact with the fixing device and the shoe in the set.

The design of the pedal consists of several interconnected parts. Axis is the basis, it is screwed into the connecting rod. Platform revolves around the axis. To spin was easy to provide bearings.

One pedal axis has the same direction of the thread, and the other, respectively, more.

Types pedals are different, there are models with a platform equipped with removable studs have with light reflectors and are pedaling platform with places tuklipsa attachment. Folding bikes can be equipped with folding pedals.

Pedal axle operate metallic platform may be made of a rubberized tubes or metal plates. Modern inexpensive options pedals can be found made of plastic. Embodiments of aluminum will be stronger.

Tuklipsy made of plastic or metal strap made of nylon or leather. Contact pedals are usually made of aluminum, are chrome-molybdenum axis mechanism and the metal contact sealed bearings.

10 kinds of accessories for the bicycle - Criterion №12

call

Up needs to cyclists pay attention to the road while driving. At the low-cost models of two-wheeled vehicles call set deliberately, but they are very rare in the sports bikes.

In fact, the call is not necessary, in any situation, you can always find a way to draw attention to themselves.

Species signaling devices a lot, manufacturers are offering them to everyone.

• Mechanical. It is very popular because it is very easy to handle. Such a call is put on inexpensive bikes. The sound is pretty recognizable. The mechanism itself is located in a metal housing, sound is produced when hitting the tab on the chassis. There are models with built-in compass.
  

  Disadvantages of mechanical signaling device is that the sound is very quiet and in the rain or cold it will function poorly.

• Dudka with a pear or a klaxon. This kind of invented over a hundred years ago the signal, but is used on bicycles to the present day.
• Pnevmoklakson. The same horn, but the sound is louder. The funnel is not connected to the pear, and a special container with compressed air. Cylinders are disposable and reusable.
• Electronic call. Can extract different sounds, volume is good, is powered by batteries, takes up little space, weighs little. Electronic calls are with light. The disadvantages can be attributed only that emitted by an electronic sound will not be known for road users, not everyone will be able to understand what he's signaling the cyclist.

Choosing a call is necessary, depending on riding style. For fans drive on the highway, it is better to buy a pneumatic bell, for those who like to walk the city, would be a suitable mechanical variant, in other cases - an electronic signal.

Wings

Wings provide wheel protection from adverse weather conditions. Also fenders protect the rider from the spray from the wheels in motion.

On older models of wings made of metal, today they are made of lightweight plastic, which facilitates the weight of the assembly.

The wings can be divided into two types, which are popular:

• Stationary. Installed initially, have a long shape, close all the wheel at the top.
• Quick. Light, short, quickly and easily removed. This also includes plates that are attached to the frame at the front wheels.

Not always the wings, which is equipped with a bike is the best one. It is possible that they will have to buy separately and install on their own, do not be too hard. Wings are needed not only on the rear wheel, as the spray and dirt can fly out from under any wheel - purchase a set at once.

It is important to choose the right wings to his iron horse. It is necessary to pay attention to the parameters such as ergonomics, functionality and conformity of the vehicle. Some models may not be appropriate for your bike, touch wheel that will not allow normal ride.

Pump

In most cases when buying a bicycle pump is included and attached to the frame. A lot of types of pumps: compact, high-grade, pneumatic, high pressure pumps and others.

Before buying you need to familiarize yourself with all the features of this device, because each type has its drawbacks and its advantages. Before selecting velonasosa pay attention to some of the criteria:

• What quality material from which the pump is made.
• Structural reliability, resistance to wear during use.
• Cost.
• The extent to which it will be convenient to operate the pump.
• How compact bike accessories whether it is possible to carry with you if you need it.
• Performance issued by the maximum number of atmospheres.
• Type of handle, T-much more convenient.

Inflating is slow, there is no hose, pressure gauge is made of plastic. But it is always possible to take with you and use at any time by appointment.

Stationary device is much safer, give a greater pressure, but on the road can not take such a pump. They can quickly pump up the wheel, as a rule, they are equipped with a long hose.

Pneumatic pumps equipped with gas cartridges, so the pump does not have to hand, everything happens on the machine. The main disadvantage is the high cost of one bottle is usually enough for two wheels. For cyclists pneumatic pumps will save a lot of time.

However, special deposits to cope with their work much better.

Which pump is better not to define. The right thing to have all one take along for emergencies, and let the other stands in the garage.

pacifier

Riding a bike is an active sport or relaxation, so there is a risk of injury. To protect himself and his iron horse to the bicycle mounted on a damper circuit.

To date, There are two types of dampers: rowing and roll damper.

• Rocking. Detail of a power protection from bumps stars of various obstacles. Rocking device is a circle with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the largest of the star. Performed this accessory from metal or plastic.
• Roller damper. Item, allowing to maintain the chain in position. Pacifier does not allow the chain to come off from the stars in any extreme conditions.

Another type of protection, it is frame construction. Special frame holds chain in place, does not let her fall off.

pacifier mounting standards are the following:

• Mounted on the frame by means of bolts. The distance between the anchorages 47 mm
• ISCG 05. The distance between the anchorages 55 mm.
• BB. mounting on the carriage.

Protective cover on the steering wheel

Pads are made of foam rubber, is a soft tube that is placed on the crossbar steering. It not only prevents hard knocks on the wheel while overcoming difficult sections of track, but also can prevent an emergency situation.

Protective caps performed well illuminated, and they illuminate the road and the rider becomes clearly visible even in the dark. Glowing pad on the steering wheel is a flexible tube with holes in which are inserted into a small flashlight from the LEDs.

But the main purpose of protective pads on the steering wheel, this shock absorbing breasts on the steering bar. Pad need not all cyclists when riding style is not extreme, even in this additional protection is not necessary.

trunk

The trunk is necessary for the transportation of small HVD cargos, some cyclists mounted on the trunk baby velokreslo. Bike carriers are limited by weight, keep in mind before you buy, you will be transported.

The materials used in the manufacture of luggage:

• Steel - are able to withstand the weight of 25 kg. (Depending on the manufacturer and brand trunk).
• Aluminum - for the transport of small goods up to 15 kg.
• Titanium - up to 35 kg load.
• Combined.

Mount bike carriers is divided into several types depending on the size of the wheels. Cantilever type mounted directly on the seat post. The width of the lower mount on all models is different.

In addition to the trunk is usually commercially straps or springs for securing cargo. Instead luggage set in some models of the basket for the products.

gel inserts

Gel inserts in the saddle designed for a more comfortable ride. Usually such inserts are used in saddles made of non-natural materials.

Nor does it depend on how soft you will sit on your weight, the sitting bones are in contact with the saddle exactly the same as that of thin people and obese.

It seems that the gel insert will solve the problem of rigidity, but it is not so, the whole burden is on the pelvis, and an hour later a smooth ride, comfort disappear. In addition, the soft seat swings during sharp turns.

Two-wheeled vehicles with gel inserts in the seat only suitable only for those people who are infrequent and short-lived ride velovipede. There are, of course, and special gel saddle, which can travel long distances and for a long time, but that the cost is very high, newcomers will not work.

When driving on the hard saddle there is an alternative to mitigate - a special shorts for cyclists, and they are perfectly absorb sweat.

double rim

When buying two-wheeled friend pay attention to the quality of the rims, they are better than, the longer ride a bike without problems. Bad rim affects the appearance of the "eight".

On most bicycles boxed rim mounted with high sides and a certain recess for mounting the tire. For road bikes used with low rim flanges, the tire when pasted.

Single-walled rim profile is only used in cheaper models, mainly in the modern bikes use a double rim, which gives it greater strength and durability. Double-walled construction provided with a horizontal rim webs that influence the stiffness of the rim. There are trójścienna rim, but this is unusual.

electrics

Electrical bike - it lights and lanterns. But sometimes in addition a stop-go signals turn signals and decorative lights. The energy source is a generator, a battery or batteries.

Generators are used on road bikes, mountain models use batteries. The generator works only when the two-wheeled car is moving, and the higher the speed, the more energy it produces. The batteries may be internal or external.

The most common lamps are lamps with internal batteries and easy mounting on the steering wheel. They can be used separately from the bike. The only negative of such lamps is that the light emitted is not formed as a trapezoid, and the result is a round spot.

The cost of lights can be quite different, it all depends on the design, material, manufacturer, etc.

Headlight with external battery shine brighter and last longer, but the battery takes extra outrigger space on a bicycle, the battery is attached to or placed in flyagoderzhatel bag attached to frame.

Gaining popularity lights with LEDs. They are economical, so the headlights with halogen lamps and incandescent lamps is almost not used.

Front and rear parking lights are powered by a AAA battery. While working with power LEDs up to 100 hours. Flashlights can operate in two modes, a flashing or constant.

Dimensions are designed to increase a person's safety when driving in the dark. Conventional reflectors not as bright as headlights. Front size does not need to be installed, it is necessary when there are no lights.

Batteries

To correctly select the appropriate battery type, you need to know the technical characteristics of the bike. Generally batteries are supplied with the bike, but the batteries can be purchased separately from a trusted manufacturer with the necessary parameters.

Before buying it is important to test the battery for operation. There is another option, collect the battery yourself, but then you need to know all the details of the operating principle of the batteries.

• Lead-acid. The cheapest battery, unpretentious in operation, safe, work well in cold weather. Lack only in the fact that the weight is very large, and it overloads the bike and run, and it becomes more difficult to maneuver. If you install the battery smaller in size, it will not give the best results, fast discharge will not let you ride normally have to do to replace batteries frequently three times. It is best to buy the battery of the tank, which is recommended by manufacturers of electrical equipment.
• Lithium Polymer. Weigh a bit, return current are large, they are inexpensive. Such alloys are used in the manufacture of batteries for mobile phones and laptops.
  

  Battery life of about 5 years.

  Less lithium polymer batteries is that they nepozharoustoychivy. It is important to avoid mechanical damage and to use the factory chargers in order to prevent fire. In addition, these batteries can not be charged in the cold, and work in the cold they get worse.
• Lithium-ion. Secure weigh not much, but cost a bit more expensive than the previous ones. These batteries are also used in phones, cameras, laptops. Have capacity loss upon storage.
• Lithium-zhelezofosfatnye. Batteries are heavy, but 2 times lighter than lead, frosts are not afraid to give a high current. At a cost of these batteries are the most expensive of the presented, but they are reliable and work much longer.

Depending on the specifications of the bicycle selected battery type.

When buying a battery for the electric bicycle is important to pay attention to the main characteristics that mainly determine performance indicators.

For two units mainly produce batteries with a nominal voltage of 24 volts, the current sources are two battery. Three battery supply 36 provides a voltage in volts, such batteries are used in more expensive bicycles models. There are also four battery packs at 48 volts, but they occur very rarely. This shows that the power of the number of nodes depends on the maximum possible speed of the bike.

How to choose a bike

bike weight

Bicycles have a different weight, depending on their destination. Weight varies from 4.5 kg to 84 kg, and exclude additional equipment (electric equipment, is applied, the trunk, etc.). When you select a two-wheeled machine weight does not always play a decisive role, it is important to begin to decide what it is you need.

• MTB bicycle. His second name mauntibayk. These models are designed for mountain trips, for the people and the dynamic sports. Weight of aggregate of about 17 - 20 kg. The housing is often made of carbon fiber and other lightweight materials, the weight attached to the heavy wheels.
• Road racing. Weight about 8 kg, very light, because gaining rapidly, suitable for long trips.
• Touring. It is a compound of a highway and a sports bicycle.

  The mass is 20 kg, due to the rigid frame and robust suspension.

• Hybrid. These models are suitable for racing on the highway, and for walks on rough terrain. Average weight is 15 kg. If you decide to buy a hybrid, consult with experts, beginners difficult the appearance will recognize a fake, but real good quality hybrids are expensive.
• City bicycle. Also called Citybikes, it is very popular among urban walking enthusiasts, perfect for trips to the parks. Urban models are favorites of sales. Basically, when you buy a lot of people are only important external characteristics, and Citybikes meet these needs. Weight design small, only 12 to 15 kg.
• BMX bike. Suitable hops for bright, a relative sports bike, weight reaches only 10 kg.
• Baby. This is a separate category of two-wheelers. Children's large variety of models. Popular tales with additional wheels complete - they are important for balance. they usually have a heavy main wheels, which affects the overall weight of the structure, the child is not easy to manage such a bicycle, but the children and try to overcome any difficulties. Weight children's bikes from 15 kg.

The height of the bicycle

For the convenience of drive necessary to correctly choose the bicycle according to growth of the rider. The first thing to know your exact height, and then study the mesh size of the manufacturer, in which paused your choice. Most brand-name brands have their mesh sizes, but if the information is not provided, use a universal size table.

The size	Centimeters / Inches	Height
XS - XSmall (very small)	35,4/14″	135-155
S - Small (small)	40,6/16″	150-165
M - Medium (average)	45,7/18″	165-178
L - Large (above the average)	50,8/20″	175-185
XL - Xtra Large (big)	55,8/22″	185-195
XXL (Ultra)	60,8/24″	190-210 and more

Just for calculating the desired height, you can use the formula:

R = D * K / 2.54

Where:

• R - Rostovka in inches
• D - long legs
• K - factor: for highways - 0.66, for the mountain - 0.56

riding style

Riding style, there are many, some of them, the most popular are described below.

Cross-country. This style of riding involves racing fields, forests, hills and uncool brief climbs. Cross-country is preferred by most cyclists, with this style of riding injuries is minimal.

Wheel diameter should be in the range of 26 to 29 inches. Or fit dvuhpodvesnye Short-light bikes.

Highway driving style. Cycling involves racing on the hard pavement. For this riding style using light bike, which usually three stars in front and ten rear. RV minimum possible number of spokes. The steering wheel should be narrow. Racing bicycles developing speed of 90 km / h, and sometimes even higher.

freeride. This riding style is subdivided into several sub-groups: the North Shore, dropping, classic and others. Classic involves overcoming difficult sections of the route (from natural and unnatural coating), with jumps, steep slopes, and the movement along the narrow paths.

North Shore involves driving on special designs, logs, narrow scaffolding and swing. A significant jump from a great height on bicycles, is dropping. Here the important strength of the bike, so it is quite a lot of weight. From this style of driving users get a lot of impressions and a sea of ​​emotions, not always a fascination for the sake of a better result.

downhill. It assumes descent at high speed on a natural or on artificial surface. It may be, stones, special jumps, sticking out of the ground the roots of trees. Downhill bike looks very similar to the bike freeride. He has a powerful brake system, solid frame, a short take-away, a steering wheel, large tires, suspension of about 2 cm.

The only difference is in a frame geometry, the angle of inclination Kuleva column is reduced, and the center of gravity is lowered, allowing at the exit from the mountain not tip forward. Downhill bikes weigh about 11 kg, but professionals to easily cope with such apparatus not easy.

Enduro, All mauntin and Treyl. They represent something between a free ride and cross-country, sharp hills, high rise and virtuous jumps. These three styles are similar to each other, but there are some differences.

Enduro involves endurance race and for a time, this style came away from motorcycling. ALL Mountain and trail ride is longer for pleasure, competition does not play a role.

Rear shock and fork should have a lock in order to avoid swinging suspension on the slopes. To the climbs could lift the seat, telescopic seatposts.

For the four-cross great hardtreyl with wide tires, a long frame and fork with a light stroke of 1 cm. dvuhpodvesnye srednehodnye also use short-stroke or bicycles.

Dirt jumping Dirt or - a jumping jumps out of the ground, sometimes with additional performing stunts as coups and twisting the wheel. Jump is a flight and landing.
Bicycle dert jumping use with wheels 26 inches, with the same speed and fork with the course of 1 cm.

Brakes are usually removed from the bike to the tricks you can perform easily.

Straight. This style is suitable for urban travel. Riding on asphalt, only obstacles in the form of stairs, curbs and fences. Outwardly similar to a bicycle dertovy, but differs in a short frame that allows you to perfectly balance on the rear wheel with the surf. Plugs most commonly used chrome-molybdenum, for greater rigidity. Wheels fit with diameter of 24 and 26 inches.

trial. Driving style with overcoming various obstacles, such as logs, boards, stones, parapets. It is important to be able not only to balance on two wheels, but on one. On the unit for the trial no seats, and it is equipped with a rigid fork and light frame.

Speed ​​only need one, but need powerful brakes. Carrying out a long, center of gravity forward, which makes it easy to balance on the rear wheel.

Rating manufacturers and models of bicycles

Specialized

American brand, introduced in 1974, has released the world's first series of mountain bikes. The company's products can be purchased only in specialized stores retail or online stores.

Patented technology mountain bike shock absorber is called «brain». Shock absorbers are regulated independently and acquire rigidity flat track, while as on the bumps includes amortization.

Popular models:

• CRAVE COMP 29. Production year - 2015. Type: mountain professional.
• Fatboy SE. Production year - 2016. Type: Mountain.
• Jett Sport Year - 2016. Type: female.
• Jynx Elite 650B. Production year - 2016. Type: female.
• Hotrock 12 Coaster Boys. Production year - 2016. Type: children from 1.5 to 3 years.
• HOTROCK 20 COASTER GIRLS. Production year - 2015. Type: children's bike from 5 to 9 years old.
• Diverge Elite DSW Cen. Production year - 2016. Type: highway.
• Diverge Elite DSW Cen. Production year - 2016. Type: highway.
• Crosstrail Elite Disc. Production year - 2016. Type: cross-city.
• Sirrus Sport Disc. Production year - 2016. Type: Urban fitness bike
• Turbo S. Production year - 2014. Type: Electric Bike

GIANT

The company was founded in 1972. Reasonable prices combined with the highest quality products, allowing GIANT occupy a leading position in the world in the production of bicycles. The newest technology of Compact Road Design has made a breakthrough in road cycling, and the suspension Maestro Suspension Mountain Bike raised the bar to a new level of standards.

Popular models:

• Revel 29ER 0. – 2015. Type: semi-mountainous.
• XTC 1. – 2013. Type: mountain professional.
• Enchant 1. – 2015. Type: Women's Sports.
• Simple Single W. – 2015. Type: Women's comfortable.
• Jr Animator F / W. – 2014. Type: children from 1.5 to 3 years.
• Bella 20. – 2016. Type: children from 5 to 9 years old.
• – 2015. Type: Folding economy.
• Expressway 1. – 2014. Type: folding premium.
• Method 02. – 2015. Type: Extreme BMX.
• FastRoad CoMax - 2016. Type: highway tsiklokrossovy.
• TCR Advanced Pro 1. – 2016. Type: highway.
• Rapid 3 triple. - Type: Urban fitness.
• Seek 2. - Type: urban crossover.
• Giant Roam XR Hybrid. – 2013. Type: Electric bicycle.

Trek

Trek - one of the leading manufacturers and bicycle design. The company was founded in 1976 and has gained popularity because of the unique technologies. All models of Trek bikes to extreme urban bikes differ clearly thought-out design, moderate weight, reasonable price and high quality. The company provides a lifetime warranty on the frame of its production.

Popular models:

• 29 Trek Mamba. – 2013. Type: Mountain.
• Lexa SL. – 2015. Type: Women's Sports.
• Trek 7.5 FX WSD. – 2015. Type: Women's comfortable.
• Trek Trikester. - Type: Children's tricycle.
• Precaliber 20 SS Girls. - Type: Children 5 to 9 years old.
• Trek 7200. - Type: Foldable premium.
• Ticket Exchange. – 2012. Type: Extreme Street / dirt jumping.
• Ticket Signature. – 2011. Type: Extreme Street / dirt jumping.
• Trek 1.5.- 2015. Type: Road racing.
• Trek 1.2. - 2016. Type: Road racing.
• Trek 7.6 FX.- 2014. Type: Urban fitness.
• Verve 4. – 2014. Type: Urban crossover.
• XM700 + .- 2016. Type: electric bicycles.

Merida

Merida - the world-famous manufacturer from Taiwan. The product range allows you to choose the model of the bike to suit every budget, riding style, personal preference and experience. Quality, sophisticated design and the latest technology have enabled the company to gain recognition of professional riders in all continents.

Popular models:

• NINE SUPERLITE TEAM-D. – 2013. Type: Mountain professional.
• 40 NINE-MD. – 2015. Type: Mountain amateur.
• Merida CROSSWAY 20-MD LADY. - Type: Women's Sports.
• Crossway urban 100-lady. - Type: Female comfortable.
• Dino 20. - Type: Children 5 to 9 years old.
• Spider 16. - Type: Children 3 to 5 years.
• MATTS J24 SUS. - Type: teenage boys (9-12 years).
• MyPocket HFS 400-9. - Type: Foldable premium.
• NINETY-NINE 9. TEAM. – 2015. Type: Dvuhpodvesny professional.
• HARDY 6. 300. – 2015. Type: Extreme Street / dirt jumping.
• Brad 5. – 2014. Type: Extreme BMX.
• REACTO TEAM-E. – 2015. Type: Road racing.
• Speeder 3000. – 2016. Type: Road racing.
• Crossway 100. – 2016. Type: Urban crossover.
• Speeder T5. – 2014. Type: Urban fitness.

Scott

Scott started an American company with production of ski and accessories for them. But already in 1986 they released the first line of bicycles with aerodynamic control surfaces. In manufacture the high-quality and environmentally friendly materials. On Scott bikes professional athletes have won many gold medals at the Olympics.

Popular models:

• Aspect 730. – 2015. Type: Mountain amateur.
• Scale 970. – 2016. Type: Mountain professional.
• Contessa 740. – 2016. Type: Women's Sports.
• Sub Evo 20 Lady. – 2016. Type: Women's comfortable.
• Contessa JR 16. – 2016. Type: Children 3 to 5 years.
• Scale JR 20. – 2016. Type: Children 5 to 9 years old.
• Voltage Junior - 2016. Type: Adolescence.
• Spark 960. – 2016. Type: Dvuhpodvesny.
• Voltage FR 720. – 2016. Type: Dvuhpodvesny.
• Voltage YZ 20. – 2016. Type: Extreme Street / dirt jumping.
• Voltage YZ 0.1. - 2015. Type: Stunt.
• Speedster 60. – 2016. Type: Road racing.
• Solace 30 FB Disc. – 2016. Tsiklokrossovy.
• Sub Speed ​​20. – 2016. Type: Urban fitness.
• Sub Evo 20 (2016). – 2016. Type: Urban crossover.

As well, there are a series of proven led vehicle manufacturers in the market:

• Cube (Germany)
• Cannondale (United States)
• GT (USA)
• Ghost (Germany)
• Norco (USA)
• Author (Czech Republic)
• Bianchi (Italy),
• Schwinn (United States)
• Bergamont (Germany)
• PRIDE (Ukraine)
• Orbea (Spain)
• Kellys (Slovakia)
• Comanche (Ukraine).