Jacks: types, how to choose, features, manufacturers

Jacks are the devices intended for lifting goods, fitting parts to each other and servicing.

Lifting jack-type devices have a wide range of designs that use various principles for action.

application

The need for lifting goods to a certain height periodically occurs in specific types of production and the repair mechanisms.

The most widespread use of lifting devices obtained to provide:

• lifting goods under garages and Car Service;
• installation of structures on the level during the construction and repair works;
• raising the object of large mass on a small height;
• Workflow organizations warehouse type;
• of individual car service.

types jacks

Jacks differ in the type of actuator used, the following types of actuators.

• Mechanical jack - lifting load is carried out as a result of application of force (hand, foot) large quantities;
• Pneumatic jack - to work you need a source of compressed air. On the one hand it is inconvenient, on the other hand provides the lifting of load to a predetermined height with minimum effort;
• Hydraulic jack - provides the rise of the object due to the pressure (fluid) and is characterized by small effort required to lift cargo.
• Electric jack - for actuating, need access to the mains, which limits the application in capacitive path battery characteristics.

By the principle of action:

1. screw;
2. Pinion;
3. pneumatic;
4. Hydraulic.

Screw jacks are met:

• with trapezoidal thread;
• rhomboid;
• lever-screw device.

By moving the features:

• portable;
• mobile;
• stationary.

Features jacks

screw designAre used as standard components for car repair work. The apparatus consists of a number of screws, with a trapezoidal thread carrying lifting or lowering the load depending on the rotational direction of bevel gears Launched handle.

The mechanism is mounted in a housing of a cylindrical shape and comprises a flip type construction pickup configured as a rod or a support pad.

In operation, the pick-up abutment made in the lower surface of the lifted object. When rotating the handle rotation occurs gears that drive the progressive movement with threaded screws.

Using screw trapezoidal thread explains:

1. inherent self-locking function;
2. No need for additional fixation when lifting;
3. ensuring the reliability of its cargo hold.

The specific use of the lift is the need for a careful study of the product mark.

This measure is necessary to select a maximum lift height, which would ensure the change front and rear wheels of the machine. This should be based on the specifics of the rear suspension devices, some kinds of cars, which is peculiar to the importance of a free wheeling.

Because of the large stroke magnitude is not possible to raise the rear wheels even when the maximum possible recovery. However, these types of lifting devices comprise a complete set of all-terrain vehicles that require lifting to a height of about 0.5m.

Among screw jacks structures allocated mechanisms vertical type and horizontal diamond action principle.

rhombic jacksAre produced in two versions: with mechanical and hydraulic drives. They comprise four levers, connected by hinges in the form of a rhombus, lifting or lowering the load caused by varying the angle levers.

In the construction of the jack on the surface of the support pad is provided a groove for the stop ribs located on the lower surface of the body. This detail provides the stability of the system while ensuring the lifting characteristics.

Current models orthorhombic type lifting devices consist of several moving in opposite directions, is pivotally connected arms, actuated by compression clamps. The construction of more widespread than the screw mechanism of a vertical type and is part of a complete set of most cars.

Lever-screw jacks composed of several rods, located on the lower arm support plane and a stop for the screw fastening the hinge type, and mounted on the upper grab and power screw.

During the rotation movement of the rod on a power screw handle mechanism occurs as a result of changes in the angle between the height variation occurs. The model combines features rhombic and lever-type lifting gear, but has a greater carrying capacity than the latter.

Mullion-helical structureConsisting of two basic elements: a large-diameter screw and the housing are manufactured in two versions: with one or two screws.

Mechanisms with a large diameter screw and a lifting platform on it are driven by a handle. It drives the nut by rotating the supporting multiple pinions cone type, resulting in movement of the carrier element.

Devices with two screws are characterized in that they as a reference nut protrudes device housing, and the screw portion consists of two elements. The apparatus consists of a large screw, which is screwed into the other member having a large thread of opposite direction.

The handle acts on the ratchet driving the screw a large diameter which emerges from the housing and the screw of the device moves another element, thereby changing the lift height cargo.

Practiced equipment such lifting devices midsize machines that are widely used for the transport of goods.

Pinion gear jacks, The principle of operation is to move across the surface of the ratchet mechanism of the vertically extending rails, on which said notches, holes or tine applied.

The design displacement pickup is provided in the vertical direction by rotating pinion gear or rocker arm. In order to load securing device is provided in the locking detent disposed on one of the gears.

used by:

• for heavy vehicles, provides rise to a height of 1m;
• in areas with poor roads to retrieve stuck in the mud transport.

Rack and pinion lever models differ in that the drive mechanism performs a swinging rod acting on the rail, and causes a change in altitude.

Design have the option to use the mechanism to perform functions of the winch with manual transmission. To do this, on the top surface of the slats, and the wings are provided eyelets.

Rack (High-Jack) jack is convenient to use, but requires a special type of recesses on the car for installation. This design has the location close to the body surface that may be dangerous to use.

Group lifters hydraulic type characterized by:

• high efficiency;
• large carrying capacity;
• smooth the implementation of lifting.

Among them are the jacks bottle manufactured with one rod or telescopic type.

Design odnoshtokovogo type It consists of a body, which is both a container for working fluid and performs the function of a cylinder and piston. A piston mounted on the lifting platform, having the ability to change the vertical coordinate.

Under the influence of the lever occurs fluid injection into the cylinder. Cylinder when the pressure pushes the stock, varying height.

Structure equipped with suction and discharge valves to overcome the locking action of the fluid flowing from the cylinder volume of the pump cavity. If necessary, lowering, eliminating the locking of the needle is performed, whereby under the influence of the mass of liquid pumped through the pump into the tank.

Since the hydraulic power lift designs provide up to several hundred tons, their use is recommended for heavy-duty vehicles or machines.

Given the specifics of the use of hydraulic jacks type in the design of these mechanisms provides additional security measures:

• use of hardened steel for manufacturing parts of the supports having high strength for preventing breakage;
• Use corrugation on the support surface to avoid possible sliding of goods;
• Equipment devices hydraulic lifters gauges for the control effort generated.

Dvuhshtokovaya bottle design telescopic type based on the use of several rods. In the mechanism dvuhshtokovogo jack piston is small, allowing to use the device in the horizontal and vertical position.

A hydraulic cylinder drives the lift arm, whereby the object is carried out lifting. This type of jack is capable of higher compared with a height odnoshtokovymi devices.

Hydraulic rolling jack It operates on the principle of the bottle, but the stem axis is in the horizontal axis and the piston is connected to the pickup. The principle of operation is that the design of a trolley on wheels is driven by the movement of the lever.

Pressure reduction is achieved by means of the handle of the tubular-type rotating screw on the valve. Transmission lifting devices differ in that they are equipped with a rotary frame type. Recent mechanisms are a form podkatnye devices and are used to repair the gearbox and trasmissii.

The parameter-duty, three types of jacks podkatnye type:

• the mechanisms used for passenger cars can withstand the weight load of up to 3 tons.
• devices used in car and technical services with capacity of up to 4m, characterized by the fact that they have the opportunity Use rapid rise pedal, which aims to provide a preliminary lifting necessary for the further pick-up and rising great height;
• devices used for maintenance of large size vehicles, the lifting force of up to 20t, equipped with lifting and pre pedal mechanism for lifting one side of technical facilities.

Prior to joining the plunger pump mechanism is enclosed special stand underneath the vehicle, the lever preliminary rise the lifting heel is actuated, and is used to modify the initial lift height subject. Maximum permissible increase the lift amount is 9,3sm.

Electrical lifting construction It represents a synthesis result in a mechanism of mechanically moving parts and the electric drive from the engine to the gearbox. The lifting force of such devices a maximum of 2m.

Power jack carried by the vehicle electrical network to which the connection is made through a cigarette lighter. Supply current is 20A, when substandard battery reliability of the device is highly questionable.

Pneumatic jacks are used:

• during the exact installation;
• during repair and rescue operations;
• in a shaky ground;
• on marshy soils and loose type;
• for combining and subsequent sealing of pipelines having a diameter up to 12cm.

Pneumatic jack with a special connector is connected to the compressor, and then by pressing the lever is made of air feed to the receiver and starts lifting of the object. Often, in appearance a small lifting device of this type resemble a pillow that by pumping the air produces a rise in technical means.

Inflatable jack portable typeIt represents the capacitance of durable rubber with elastic walls, is filled with air or exhaust gases of the vehicle. To get started and the lift cargo required the creation of an air cushion in the air by pumping the jack.

Its injection can be performed using a compressor or pump, which is powered by the vehicle. Despite the apparent fragility of the device, this type of lifting mechanism is capable of lifting force in the 3-4t.

Pneumatic jack type podkatnye It is a structure equipped with wheels and locking elements with lifting height not higher 35-40sm. These figures take into account the parameters of the paddock and the device and additional elements.

It applied in specialized centers for maintenance funds. The lifting device is connected to the high pressure compressor, which allows for several seconds to lift the machine to a height of two feet.

Benefits

The advantages of screw jacks with trapezoidal thread include the ability to provide a high value of the lifting force, while maintaining:

• simplicity of construction,
• ease of use,
• high reliability in operation,
• low weight,
• low price.

Benefits rhombic designs screw type jacks is a sufficiently long actuator arms, allowing to reduce the force required for lifting the technical means and eliminate the possibility of damage to the hand.

Ability to service the machine with a low ride height, the absence of demands to the installation and refer to the strengths of this type of machinery.

Lever-screw jacks It has low cost and good performance of the lift, minor dimensions and low weight.

Post-and-screw mechanism have a good performance and the ability to ensure stability during the work necessary rigidity, which has a positive effect on the reliability of this type of devices.

The advantages of the rack-type structures consist in the simplicity of operation, it may be used in horizontal and vertical directions, high lifting force value (up to 20t), maintainability, high efficiency (85%).

Hydraulic bottle type device characterized by excellent rigidity index compounds in the process. They are characterized by the need for the application of minimum effort to lift and small indicators initial height setting.

Jacks podkatnye hydraulic structures inherent good parameters of stability, a small initial height setting, need a slight effort to actuate. When the indicators provide good rigidity and reliability.

Power jacks characterized by simplicity of operation, capable of operating the generator or vehicle battery, good performance under extreme conditions.

Characteristic features of pneumatic models They are to ensure low construction when the pick-up and the presence of the support surface of considerable size to allow for easy and reliable operation.

This type is particularly silent and very high speed operation, the possibility of lifting massive loads, ruggedness to the conditions of installation space, high efficiency (85%), ease of installation.

Problems

The disadvantage of using a screw jack with a trapezoidal thread It consists in the fact that it has a small area of ​​the support surface.

The need for its mounting on the core structure also presents disadvantages because this portion can not only dirty, but also rust, which is a risk factor when dealing with this device.

Complicate the operation of the screw-type rhombic pattern may be a small supply stroke in the presence of a low picking, low efficiency of the device (30-40%), low stability in connection with what is required additional fixation and limited one and a half tons of lift force.

For lever-type lifting screw designs typical disadvantages are: poor performance stability and uncomfortable actuation handle.

Post and screw jacks It has a large mass and an increased lift amount value, which limits the flexibility of their use. Separately mechanisms with a single screw lifting characterized by small quantities.

To the shortcomings of rack-type devices include excessive weight and dimensions, there is a possibility of overturning due to strong gusts of wind.

Disadvantages hydraulic devices bottle type - large mass, high cost and complicated construction. This kind of characteristic of great importance to start the lift, low speed operation, the need for frequent maintenance. Strict regulation of the position of the jack during transportation can create inconvenience.

Outs lifters type podkatnye are limited to use in view of their inherent large mass and large dimensions.

Problems associated with the operation of the lifting device in the electric drive associated with the limited energy resources, on tourist routes or travel.

For structures of pneumatic type characterized by the following shortcomings:

• high price,
• device complexity,
• lack of opportunities to work with the engine off,
• the need for a source of compressed air or exhaust gas of the car,
• accumulation of sediment in the chamber using the exhaust gas.

How to choose a jack

Conventionally, the technical parameters of the lifting devices can be divided into critical and secondary, although the implementation of the choice of the boundary between the two groups in the classification is blurred.

To the critical parameters determining the operation of the lifting device, include the following nuances.

Lift device represents one of the most important indicators, important both in terms of the possibility of raising specific technical means, and from the standpoint of reliability of the system. Reliability, in turn, is inextricably linked with the design of the devices.

Provides structural parameter of vertical movement, is one of the critical parameters for the lift machinery. It is important in ensuring a sufficient height setting to perform the necessary scope of work. However, when choosing the lifting mechanism must take into account the value of a free wheeling of depreciation systems and ease of use.

On this basis, it is recommended to prefer devices with a small reserve on the installation height.

When a larger value of this quantity is recommended to use additional elements in the form of pads, coasters. Sometimes used for these purposes rack jack, which has several times greater lift heights.

Catch provides free placement of the lifting mechanism or under the bottom of the bodywork of the car serviced.

By this indicator, the convenience relates in part to a handle access to run the mechanism and manipulating it. When you select the jack you need to know rate of clearance of the machine and compare it with the parameters of the height of the pick-up of the proposed models.

When selecting jack is also important to consider secondary technical parameters that do not have a direct impact on the work device, but it is important from the point of view of design convenience in service and service.

Among these features are:

• Overall dimensions of the unit, which should be capable of use in a set with the means. On the other hand, they must be compact enough for convenient location in the trunk or cabin with a minimum amount of space consumption.
• Device weight is important from the viewpoint of strength parts supporting structures which must be produced from high quality material with a substantial mass. On the other hand the weight of the device is important in the conditions of use of the limited carrying capacity of the machine itself.

  In this case, this parameter adaptation should strive for the lowest possible values.

• Quality of product, which can have a direct impact on the value of the basic characteristics of the jack in the event of workmanship.

In the process of selection tools is important to pay attention to check:

1. Ride parts of the mechanism in a predetermined range of values;
2. presence or absence of power reserve in the mechanism or free of gaps;
3. stability characteristics in the folded and unfolded state;
4. the presence or absence of a leak source of gas or liquid in the jacks and hydraulic pneumatic structures;
5. fixings parts and machine components.

Which is better

In practice, for the assembly of passenger cars is enough ram rhombic type lift in 1,5-2t.

For maintenance hardware is better to use a larger mass, hydraulic and pneumatic devices podkatnye types with lifting weight up to 8t.

To perform most of the maintenance of a mean value sufficient vertical movement is 30-50cm.

In the case of vehicles having a ground clearance of 15 cm is equal to the full maintenance of the machine can be used podkatnye design type or screw model with a height of the pick-up 6-9sm equal.

How to use

Safety precautions when working with lifting devices include:

• Operation of the device during installation on a firm horizontal surface.
• Implementation of technical lifting exclusively in neutral mode lever gearboxes.
• Providing smooth lifting by means of uniform and uniformly accelerated motion in the case of mechanical drive ram.
• It is necessary after the lifting resistance test gently shaking machine in different directions, which ensures against accidental drop in the wind great strength.
• In the case of lifting both wheels, eg the front, you must make a motion blocking back, and vice versa.
• We recommend the use of additional retaining structures such as stoppers, coasters, bars, etc.

Guarantee

Depending on the manufacturer and the marketing policies pursued by them, guarantees jacks of various designs are available for a period of 6 to 24months.

The guarantee is granted if during this period will malfunction of the product or change its parameters that have a significant impact on the operation of the product.

Upon the occurrence of these conditions, the manufacturer, depending on the conditions specified in the warranty card, can replace the defective unit or to pay cash compensation.

As a rule, the conditions under which comes producer responsibility include:

1. Defects encountered in producing products related to the materials used or the technology used.
2. Defects arising from improper transportation or storage of goods before the sale.

manufacturers jacks

To make a selection of the lifting device it is important to pre-acquainted with the most successful manufacturers of this type of product from the samples on the market.

Firm AE & T (Automotive Equipment & Tools - tools and equipment for car-care center) specializes in production of lifting, tire changer, pressing equipment. At a reasonable price and quality of products the company has a wide network of dealerships.

Manufacturer of accessories for cars AIRLINE It specializes in the production of jacks, tools for maintenance of technical equipment, compressors and other devices.

In terms of marketing and promotion of goods most of the effort has focused on the organization of online stores, being less represented in the real market.

Firm Autoprofi It specializes in the production of accessories for motor vehicles as seat covers and floor mats for boot and mats, auto-chemistry products, machinery noise insulation, Batteries, wheel disks, Windshield wipers and compressors. The company is moving rapidly in the market, providing high quality products, implementing a system of discounts and expanding coverage in the space of a global network.

Company FIT It has a wide range of specialized construction materials to a garden tool, construction, transport, pneumatic type (welders, Drills, spray guns, Lawn mowers, etc). The dynamic development of the company due to the quality of goods produced by it and thought out marketing strategy.

Firm Forsage It is engaged in production of various accessories for automobiles. The company has a worldwide reputation and has its share of the market in many countries, by ensuring the quality and reliability of their products.

The specialization of the company Kraft is the manufacture of brake system components, power, alloy wheels, Suspension and steering control cars. Products from this manufacturer is in demand due to the reasonable price, but because of it becomes subject to a large number of fakes.

Manufacturer Matrix It specializes in the issue of the instrument for service vehicles. The company's products is widely spread and recognized by consumers, thanks to the good quality of the material used and the high accuracy of the tool.

Firm STAYER It produces a wide range of tools for the automotive, carpentry, repair work and has good quality of services, so that not only occupies a niche in the market, but also gradually expanding its border.

Company field STELS the manufacture and sale of equipment for lifting and equipment for material handling equipment.