Boiler for hot water: selection criteria, models, connect

Now it is difficult to imagine a modern housing without the presence in it of hot water, which should be around the clock. And if earlier it was delivered in almost every apartment centrally, but now every owner needs to take care of it. More recently, in the houses where there was no centralized hot water people heated water for bathing, washing, etc. with help geysers, Electroboilers or even casseroles, and such was, but now the situation has changed radically. In place of the bulky and not always safe, the equipment has come a modern and high-efficiency boiler for heating water.

What is the boiler? The device and principle of operation

The history of water heating devices has hundreds of years. It is believed that the first boiler invented Greek engineer, mathematician, engineer and physicist - Hero of Alexandria. The construction of the first water heater consisted of a bronze vessel with a brazier and the writings circulating water - simple and quite effective. Over time, the invention has been forgotten, and the new, so to speak, development, renewed at the end of VII - early VIII centuries. Water become heated by the sun, coal, gases and electricityAnd despite the fact that the technology does not stand still, the basic principles of operation of all water heating devices remain unchanged.

In deciding for the first time to buy a boiler for heating water, it is necessary to know that in fact it is the liquid container equipped with internal or external heater, and connected to the water system. These devices are divided according to the principle of operation, according to the method and type of heating energy used to impart the required water temperature. All this, and how to choose the most suitable boiler we discuss in this article.

What else is needed for the hot water boiler in addition to bath and kitchen

Scope water heaters rather broad. In addition to devices for heating water for hygienic and household use (shower, laundry, wash-up etc.), there are special water heaters for drinking water. Since then and in water heaters must be specifically prepared liquid for drinking and cooking, it is desirable to use purified water.

Such devices for heating drinking water are found practically everywhere, and we are already almost do not notice them. For example, many people have seen the simplest boilers for tea in trains, coal, or electricity, which were almost in every dining room or the bar.

Now water heaters for drinking water have become more efficient, more compact and aesthetic. Such a boiler to heat the fluid can now be found in almost any modern office, and it's called - cooler.

The principle of operation of the boiler and its device

As already mentioned, differ in boilers, by process (storage and flow) and the mean energy (electric and gas) the type of heating (indirect and direct), but more on this later. But of these parameters depends on the boiler apparatus for heating water. In principle, all water heaters design is almost the same, except for some items.

Almost all water heaters, with the exception of the flow are:

• steel casing;
• the inner water tank;
• insulating layer between the body and the water tank;
• tube for admission of cold and hot water return;
• Control block.

Differences in the device storage water heaters discussed below, when we discuss their views on the type of energy consumed. Now take a look at a brief principle of boiler water.

Hermetically sealed inner water tank has an inlet and an outlet for the cold and accordingly the selection of hot fluid. Under pressure, which is present in the water supply, the cold water is supplied into the inner tank, and where it takes place heating to a predetermined temperature. As the fence is performed hot fluid and cold pressurized water fed back into the container, filling it completely, and heated.

That's basically dealt with the workings of a boiler for heating water. The difference lies in the method of heating - electricity, gas or solid fuel.

Related article:

Water heater which company is better to choose which of their species there are and what are the technical characteristics of individual models, what is desirable look for when choosing an electric water heater for home use - read this material.

Domestic boiler elements. What materials and heaters are the best?

Analyzing a boiler unit, we found that it consists of a body, the inner tank and the heater. Now consider what materials are used and that it is better.

Domestic water tanks

Currently, water-heating devices are available in two types of internal tanks for heating water - glass porcelain, enameled or stainless steel. Devices with tanks coated with enamel are much cheaper analogues of stainless steel. However, whether that means an expensive instrument - always the best option?

Which water heater tank material is better to suggest manufacturers defining the warranty on their products. For example, in the capacity of steklofarforovym coating is warranted no more than 1 year, while the tanks of the "Stainless Steel" she is 5 years old. This difference is due to the fact that the enamel is destroyed by frequent changes in temperature. Despite the fact that the manufacturers use additional anti-corrosion coating on the inner surface of the tank, but it still does not save from destruction ceramics. Features of operation, poor water quality - all this inevitably leads to the emergence of micro-cracks in the coating. Therefore, it is better to spend money once and buy water heater with stainless steel tank, which has a long service life.

Basic boilers, heating elements

The heart of the boiler can be called a heating element for the water heater. Devices that directly heats the water, is divided into:

• "Dry" - is not directly in contact with the liquid;
• "Wet" - without coming into contact with the coolant.

At the moment, there are two quite different in design, the type of thermoelectric heaters, namely:

• a tubular electric heater (heater);
• steatite heating element.

To determine how to choose the boiler heating element, we first need to understand the differences between the designs.

The "wet" or open heater is a copper or stainless steel tube packed with quartz sand or magnesium oxide. For heating water directly responsible Nichrome spiral placed inside the flask filler. The "dry" or a spiral heating element enclosed in a ceramic flask placed increased strength, made of steatite or magnesium silicate. Water heating is provided by a protective (stainless steel) housing "dry" heating element in contact with the liquid.

When deciding which heater is best, keep in mind that the heating elements differ in capacity and configuration. For a "wet" heaters characteristic differences in shape, material, and method of fastening the presence of anode jacks. The shape of the heating element, in turn, determines the type of tank in the boiler.

Referring to the anode jacks, you need to clarify what is needed in the boiler plate. It performs the same function as the silver coin in the container with drinking water in ancient times, that is, conducting decontamination fluid. And, if silver killed bacteria, the magnesium anode in the boiler attracts various salts, thereby preventing the occurrence of corrosion processes in domestic water heater tank. The fact is that even containers made of stainless steel, all the same, sooner or later, are exposed corrosion at least due to two factors, namely:

• Stainless steel is still not applicable highly resistant materials;
• inside the water tank is not completely integrated, and at the connection points, from the high temperature changes the crystal lattice structure of the material, which leads to a weakening of the strength characteristics.

In addition to the usual electric and gas water heaters, boilers, there are working on the original ACV technology company - "tank in tank". Let's see what it is and why they are preferred in more than 40 countries around the world.

Boilers "tank in the tank" are a heat exchanger of the two reservoirs placed on a "nesting dolls", i.e. one in the other. Inner tank (secondary circuit) for heated water, while the primary side (outer container) contained heating medium. The secondary circuit is made of stainless steel and has on the walls of special ribs which increase the heat transfer. Such a method makes heating boilers "tank in the tank" is more efficient than conventional devices.

Boiler, what volume you should choose for your property?

When buying a water heater is not only important not to err in the domestic appliance brand, and its power, but also the volume of the water tank. If the product quality of a manufacturer can be identified by numerous responses of consumers, the volume of the boiler must be calculated individually for each specific family.

Today you can buy boilers for heating 30 liters of water, but you can for up to 500 liters, which is a family of 2-3 people completely useless. Therefore, to determine the optimal displacement of the heater, it is necessary to consider some nuances:

• We determine the number of persons in the family;
• what type of sanitary devices consuming hot water and their number.

If the hot liquid is only required for washing dishesIt is possible to do a mini-boiler for heating water. In that case, if the apartment is home to one person or a childless young family, it is not feasible to acquire and install a water heater of 100 liters. However, it is still worth to calculate in advance the amount of water that must be heated boiler, as this will help to avoid unnecessary costs.

The average consumption of hot water in an apartment can be seen in the table below.

There are also the average data according to which:

• for a small apartment with one occupant is sufficient 20-30 liter boiler;
• for a family of 2-3 people run out 50 liter water heater;
• a family of four will be able to provide hot water in a sufficient amount to 70-80 liters boiler;
• to produce hot water in a private house, which is home to more than 4 people and a lot of plumbing fixtures required water heater with a tank capacity of 200 liters.

Time for water heating boiler

Consider the time it takes to heat the water to the desired temperature by the example of the production of the two most popular manufacturers - Ariston and Termex. The table shows the time (in minutes) required for heating the liquid to 55˚C.

It should be noted that the time of heating water in the storage water heater varies depending on the temperature of incoming water. For example, the temperature of the liquid in the center in the summer plumbing It is about 13-17˚C, while in the cold time of year - 3-7˚C. The result is that at the time of water in the summer heat you need less than in winter.

Also the rate of water heating effect of the heating element area. The larger the surface area of ​​heating element and less than the volume of the water tank, the faster the liquid is heated to the required temperature. But if you still prefer a powerful water heater, you should know that the wiring in your home or the house should be designed for such loads, otherwise the whole time will fire protection device.

Types of boilers for houses and flats

As mentioned, the water heater is not so, so simple device and share with each other in many respects. So before you choose an apartment or a boiler house, you need to understand his views. The fact that you can not just go out and buy any water heater, since some devices can, for example, installed vertically, while others are mounted in a horizontal position, and sometimes simply not available for this location space. And this is only one nuance, so we will deal with the types of boilers to make the right choices and avoid mistakes when buying them.

coolant heating type

Domestic boilers differ in the way of bringing the water to the desired temperature and may be either indirect or direct heating. By heating the liquid type depends largely on the speed, the amount of heated water and the consumption of energy.

boiler operation principles of indirect heating

Indirect heating boiler differs from other equipment that has no own heating element. Water heating is carried out by the action of external heating devices - boiler, solar or central heating.

The heater of this type consists of a casing inside which is a container, surrounded by a layer of thermal insulation. In the internal heat exchanger tank is formed, usually in the form of a coil. Pipe heating element are output to the heat source. Coolant, from boiler circulating around the loop heats the water.

There the water heating indirect heating boilers, in which there is no coil. This design is called "tank in the tank" and the liquid is heated by the coolant being displaceable between the walls of the outer and inner containers.

The benefits of indirect heating heaters include:

• reducing energy costs;
• rapid heating;
• easy installation;
• great performance.

The disadvantage can be called from the dependence of the boiler connected heat sources. For example, if used as such a source, heating system, In the summer of this type of water heater will not work.

More clearly of indirect heating boilers described in the video

Direct heating boiler

In heaters of this type of energy source is spent on heating the water within the tank. There are gas boilers direct heating and electrical heating which is carried out using water heaters.

Such water heaters are of a metal housing in which is placed a container of water, surrounded by a thermally insulating layer. Besides the gas burner or a heating element directly heating boilers equipped with a magnesium anode, a thermoregulator, nozzles and security group.

Classification of water heaters of the type of memory system

Also water heaters are divided into flow and storage. And each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Flow-through boilers for heating water

Instantaneous water heaters - are devices capable of rapidly heating the liquid without limitation in volume. Previously, this function was performed geysersAnd in modern devices more compact water passing through the heater formed as the flask is heated to a comfortable temperature in 60˚C. Such a rapid effect is achieved due to the high power heating element. However, the device performs its functions, only one water intake point.

Another disadvantage is that this type of heating equipment requires a lot of energy. To reduce costs have more economical to use hot water. Anyone who is not willing to limit themselves to hot water consumption, must look at incremental type boilers. Also deciding to purchase flow-through boiler must take into account the number of people living in the apartment, and their need for a heated fluid used for hygienic purposes.

viksenia, Russia, Tsarskoye Selo - Pushkin: Instantaneous water heater NevaLux 5611 - Forgot what light a match!

Advantages: small, compact, quiet, perfectly warm

Disadvantages: 1, calculated on point of water pumping, will not start if a little water pressure, the lower wire

When we moved into our house, the column we have stood with the old Soviet times, that is, its former owners have not changed. House since 1976, we entered into in 2006, that is, the gas water heater was 30 years old. Ancient however. But we are beginning to change does not become, as the column was in working condition.

The first year we have all worked fine, they even used to light the wick of matches (the window in the middle). Very uncomfortable and unusual was the first time since a friend's house when we lived in St. Petersburg, we just had hot water and without any gas. But we got used to the gas water heater.

With this column, too, has its advantages when the hot water is turned off in the summer usually happens and that for a week or two in houses is not gas, it is very inconvenient, and we have hot water at any time)))).

More on Otzovik: http://otzovik.com/review_2725066.html

Accumulating boilers for heating water

The most convenient in operation is considered to be a water heater storage-type, with internal tank volume - 10-500 liters. For flats are generally selected with the equipment of the tank volume to 150 liters (depending on the number of people living and their needs). Accumulating boilers represent tank with thermal insulation and placed inside the heating elements that heat the water to decrease the temperature 35-85˚C.Pri automatic tripping occurs, and again heating elements included. For maintaining the desired temperature corresponds to a built-in thermostat.

PSA system possible to provide hot water once all the water points in a private home or apartment. Very popular water heaters for summer cottages small volume, which in principle is enough for showering and washing dishes. To heat the water to 10 liters 45˚C need about 15 minutes, but the 100 liter boiler will warm up approximately 4 hours.

Storage-type water heaters can be mounted vertically or horizontally, which allows them to fit into any space. Boilers large volume disposed substantially horizontally on the floor and connect to water system is performed by means of flexible hoses.

Separation of boilers type of energy source

As we have seen, boilers differ in many respects, and another difference is the type of energy source, through which the heating water.

Electric boiler for heating water

Electric heaters are more popular and are represented by manufacturers in a sufficiently wide range. Energy source acts electric current, and a heating element - heating element, which, depending on placement can be "dry" or "wet" type. In an electric boiler for water near the heating element is installed a sensor which controls operation of the entire device through electronic or electromechanical thermostat.

It is the heat insulation layer, which allows to maintain the desired fluid temperature rather long time between the metal or plastic housing cylinder and the inner tank. After incoming pipe disposed at the bottom of the tank, cold water is supplied, and already heated liquid is fed through the upper pipe to the consumer after opening the corresponding crane.

Most electric water heating tanks equipped with a magnesium anode, which is due to its lower electric potentials attracts free salt ions in a liquid from water supply. As a result, scum accumulates on the anode instead of tank walls and TENah. Over time, the anode is destroyed and normal operation of the electric hot water tank for the apartments need to be replaced.

At the site of the boiler connection to the cold water supply is required to set a security group a safety valve which protects the heater from the damaging effects of excessive pressure.

Gas boilers to heat water in a private house and apartment

Gas water heaters are not as popular as their electric counterparts because of the complexity of installation (soglasovka project, ventilation, chimney, registration). Gas boilers for the water consists of a thick-walled casing, the inner tank and the thermal insulation of the combustion chamber. Gas burners arranged at the bottom wall of the tank is carried out heating the water reservoir and, accordingly, the liquid therein. Additionally, the water heat is transferred from the central channel through which the combustion products are displayed.

Accumulative gas boiler is controlled by a temperature sensor and thermostat. These controls define the temperature of the water and disable or enable the gas burner if necessary. Also boiler equipped with a special pressure relief valve for the emergency discharge of excess pressure. As electric water heaters, gas water heating device can be equipped with a magnesium anode, which eventually needs to be replaced.

How to choose the boiler for houses and flats

Before you buy a water heater, you should consider all the criteria that have been mentioned. Now it is necessary to sum up and before you choose a boiler for home briefly enumerate, on what is selected by the device for heating water.

So, we are primarily determined by the volume of the tank. Manufacturers offer boilers from 5 to 500 liters. However, when a person lives in an apartment alone, then why do we need a water heater large volume, if it is enough for the needs of 50 liters of water. Family of 3 people with a suitable boiler tank capacity up to 120 liters, and for the house or apartment with 4 or more tenants need a unit for up to 150-200 liters.

It is also important to know the required power of the heating element from which the heating rate specified volume of fluid to a predetermined temperature directly depends. Optimum power is 2 kW electric heaters.

Not the last role is played by the type of memory system, depending on the needs of the family in hot water - storage, flow or liquid. It is of great importance when deciding which company to choose elektroboyler better price. The fact is that if the family needs vodogrevatel small volume and also for installation in the country, there is no need to purchase an expensive device when you can get a cheaper analogue.

Manufacturers of boilers and their range

To make it easier to buy an electric boiler for water heating is necessary to familiarize with the most popular manufacturers of water heating equipment and the model lineup.

LyubaGrom, Ukraine: Storage water heater Gorenje GBFU 80 SIMV9 - Good boiler, but it is difficult to navigate in an amount of hot water.

Advantages: Two dry PETN, magnesium anode, it keeps the temperature of the hot water, reliable.

Cons: No hot water temperature indicator, there is no way to turn off one of the heaters.

The flat and homes where no stable supply of hot water heater of any design helps solve the problem of hot water. By purchasing a storage water heater Gorenje GBFU 80 SIMV9, I drew attention to the reliability and the required displacement for our family. My choice fell on the storage-type water heater with a capacity of 80 liters.

More on Otzovik: http://otzovik.com/review_767802.html

Average prices of boilers for heating water

The cost of water heaters is directly dependent on the manufacturer, the internal volume of the tank, the technology used, the power, and much more. Consider the most popular models of the equipment of different sizes and prices.

model	The volume of the inner tank, l.
15	30	50	80	100
Electrolux	EWH 15S	EWH 30	Axiomatic Slim	EWH Digital	EWH Magnum Slim
5375 rubles.	from 5000 rubles.	from 8000 rubles.	11 000 rubles.	from 8000 rubles.
Gorenje	GT 15 UV6	TGR30NGB6	TGR 50 NGB6	TGU 80 NGB6	TG 100 NGB6
6990 rubles.	6130 rubles.	7700 rubles.	8180 rubles.	9100 rubles.
Thermex	Hit 15 U	Flat Plus IF 30 V	Ultra Slim IU 50 V	Flat Plus IF 80 V	Flat Plus IF 100 V
5500 rubles.	11 000 rubles.	8900 rubles.	15 120 rubles.	18 370 rubles.
AEG	EWH 15 mini	EWH 30 Trend	EWH 50 Trend	EWH 80 Comfort EL	DEM 100 Basis
17 900 rubles.	18 500 rubles.	23 500 rubles.	41 700 rubles.	52 600 rubles.
Ariston	ABS Andris Lux 15 UR	ABS Andris Lux 30	ABS PRO R 50 V Slim	ABS VLS Evo INOX QH 80	ABS PRO R 100 V
6550 rubles.	7200 rubles.	7910 rubles.	22 300 rubles.	9750 rubles.

Wiring incremental boiler for heating water

Usually, for connecting the boiler invite a specialist to avoid errors during installation and trouble-free operation of the equipment. However, some people prefer to spend their own water heater connection, especially as the installation diagram can be found in the instructions for use or on the Internet.

Before connecting the need to prepare the appropriate tools and materials, namely:

• Hammer or percussion drill;
• corresponding drill;
• anchor bolts for mounting;
• keys;
• water filter;
• drainage tube;
• flexible tubes for supplying cold and hot water outlet;
• safety valve;
• electrically;
• Residual current device;
• gas hose and a pressure reducer (for gas columns).

The video details how to enable the boiler to heat the water

conclusion

As we have seen, the choice of the boiler must be guided by the amount of consumption for sanitary purposes, water, power, producer and, of course, its financial opportunities. And it is worth remembering that you should not buy a powerful and volumetric water heater for a small family, since it is unnecessary costs. Before purchasing you need more time to get acquainted with all the characteristics specified in the boiler documentation, weigh all the "pros" and "cons", and only then make a purchase, and installation of all it is better to trust specialists.