An important element that affects the operation of the entire heating system in a private home, a flue. The main function - bringing out the combustion products. Proper arrangement requires adherence to certain rules.
Feature and composite construction elements
On how the device will depend on the work of all the equipment. The primary function - to provide traction and to withdraw products formed during combustion.
The minimum distance from the wall to the chimney - 38 cm. The thickness of the brick chimney - an important measure to ensure fire safety in the home. The thicker it is, the less will be heated. Recommended film thickness - 100 mm.
The chimney consists of the following structural elements:
- inner chimney;
- The fuzz;
- otter;
- neck;
- headroom.
Brick chimney pipe for arrangement must be positioned vertically. Even a minor deviation for a couple of degrees is not allowed.
The main criterion for the calculation is the internal section. It may have a different rate based on how many bricks to form a row. The cross section of 125 * 125 mm - "four", ie.. row 4 form a unit of 250 * 125 mm - "five", 250 * 250 mm - "six". The first type is used for cookers, of the second size normally used for heating furnaces. "Six" can be used for mounting a fireplace or furnace Russian.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages brick chimney pipe:
- fire safety;
- long service life;
- aesthetics;
- reliability;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- suitability for repair.
In addition to the positive properties of the material, there are a number of disadvantages:
- a lot of weight;
- the complexity of the masonry;
- accumulation of soot.
For the chimney is better to do a channel round shape, but to achieve this it is impossible to form with the help of clinker. Therefore, the design can only form the rectangular cross section.
Brick has a rough surface, against which it will rapidly accumulate soot. Because of this, it will be necessary to clean more frequently.
types chimneys
There are three types of vertical flue depending on the heat generating model:
- Shaft;
- Root;
- Vnutristenovaya.
The first type can be installed on the oven, and the ceiling soffit. It has a large weight, and to sustain it, the wall structure shall have a thickness in the two brick block.
The second type is an independent structure, which is erected on a foundation on or inside the housing of the object.
Vnutristenovuyu structure formed when laying the bearing wall.
types of bricks
By the choice of material should be approached responsibly for the construction of a tubular device. Poor quality material under the influence of low temperatures, different precipitation, sunlight may break. Therefore, to save on the quality of brick blocks is not necessary.
Mark 3 varieties of bricks, each of which has its differences.
Class I units are characterized by a bright red color with a yellowish tinge. Verge of even and smooth, no pores, and different inclusions. If tapping with a hammer, then you will hear a ringing sound.
Blocks Class II pale orange color slabonasyschenny. There are pores. On the faces can be detected defects. While rapping hear deaf and short sound. Bricks are usually nedozhennymi. They have low frost resistance, high sensitivity to moisture.
Building material of the third grade differs dark brown. By porous structure, and are present on the faces of chips and burrs. This variety is moderately intermarried. For laying channel for flue gas is not recommended because of the fragility, lack of hardiness.
Experienced masters recommend to choose clay brick first class for chimneys.
Clinker should be smooth and even. Skilled craftsmen recommend choosing the first grade with more than two hundred mark. For building brick chimney channel size should have a value of 25 * 12 * 6.5 cm.
Construction materials and tools for the job
During the construction of a brick chimney is necessary to prepare the solution correctly. For internal use brickwork clay-sand mixture. The mixing ratio can be 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3. This takes into account the fat content of clay.
For the construction of a riser within the attic is used lime-cement. Masonry bricks above the roof should be carried out using a cement-sand mixture, where the sand and the cement is in the ratio 3: 1 or 4: 1.
Dry mixture can be purchased ready-made and only diluted with water to obtain a "thick cream."
For the construction of the chimney will need the following tools:
- trowel;
- Master OK;
- rubber mallet;
- generally;
- shvabrovka;
- grouting;
- level;
- roulette;
- square;
- poryadovkoy wood.
To accurately and efficiently cut the brick, it is better to use a grinder.
Milestones device brick chimney
Before laying the furnace design, should be prepared scheme. To avoid installation errors, you should seek professional help. With a large experience in the construction of the chimney can be done independently.
Milestones:
- Mounting of the push-tube. First there is a laying on the bottom of a special solution, and then all components of the ligation method. This method is characterized in that each row is shifted by half a brick to get maximum grip. Push-tube mounted, leaving several rows to overlap.
- Installation of fuzz. At this stage extend outside perimeter. The recommended size of the outer extension 59 * 45 cm and an internal - 14 * 27 cm. The expansion is carried out as follows: move the bricks at the edges in each row, 3-4 cm.
- Installation of otters. It is gradually expanding, but unevenly. Thus it is necessary to take into account the different holes in the roof height.
- Laying the riser neck and the chimney design. The neck should be of the same cross-section as the riser of external dimensions. A few rows need to install a reinforcing belt for increasing the strength of the structure.
- The device tip. The formation of this part is carried out of the two rows. In the first row is performed broadening in different directions by 30-40 cm. The next series is laid out in the usual way. In place of the lower row to be put protrusion inclined surface. At the final stage it is necessary to fix an umbrella or deflector. The gap between the top and bottom of the umbrella tip should be 15-20 cm. If there are gaps between the chimney and the roof sealing operate.
For noise and sound insulation structure can be clad mineral wool.
Subject to these rules and recommendations can be made installation of the chimney with his hands.
How to calculate the height of the chimney pipe
When calculating this indicator pay attention to the following requirements:
- Height between the grate and the top of the well head shall be not less than 5 m.
- If the roof gable, then the height of the chimney nadkrovelnogo element should be at least 1 meter.
- If the roofing material has the ability to fire, the headroom should be above at least 1.5 m from the surface.
- If the roof is made of non-combustible material, the height may be 0.5 meters.
- If with respect to the ridge of the pipe arrangement closer to 1.5 meters above it shall not less than half a meter.
- Pipe and ridge height can be equal, if the distance between these elements 1.5-3 meters.
If a number of high buildings, the height of the pipe make half a meter above the ridge of the building.
These recommendations should be taken into account when installing the chimney.
Repair of the pipe for the chimney
Removal and disassembly of a brick chimney start with the top of the blocks.
At the first signs of deformation, cracking, it is necessary to repair the chimney channel, or in the future it will have to change completely.
When partially destroyed masonry produce substitution of corrupted blocks. They gently pull out, clean place and put a new solution, and over the new brick.
If the inside wall is destroyed, then performing wet construction, r. F. plaster interior surface.
If the old brick and considerably was destroyed, it is possible to install a steel or ceramic construction. Through the installation of liner thermal losses will be minimal. In order not to spread the new flue, can be connected to a brick chimney with a sandwich pipe.
It should be noted that the service life of the brick chimney is about 10 years, depending on operating conditions, the quality of the material and proper installation.
Possible errors and recommendations
Chimney can be folded with their hands in compliance with all recommendations. However, even experienced builders can prevent errors during installation.
The most common errors in device brick chimney:
- Low height of the pipe, which could affect the quality of the draft. To avoid this, you need to calculate the height of the tube.
- The heterogeneity of the cement mixture. Subsequently the solution may be showered and structure collapse.
- A thick layer of mortar. This error can cause destruction of the chimney.
We should not forget to clean the chimney inside. Such a measure will enhance the performance characteristics of the device.