Any building material over time changes its properties - gives shrinkage, cracks, better gives warmth in winter and warm in the summer stronger. All of this can be attributed to the homes of wood. Inflation affects all goods, including energy - heat the house in winter becomes costly.
Choosing a way how to make life comfortable and less account, the owners of wooden houses are aware of the need for insulation of buildings. This article will answer the question: is it possible or not to insulate wooden house made of beams, logs and planks foam on the outside, given advice on how to properly do it.
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Technology insulation foam
The choice of synthetic material due to its positive qualities:
- Low specific weight. Wooden houses are built on lightweight foundations that are not designed for heavy loads. For example, to log facing bricks need to fill in an additional foundation. Foamed polystyrene is weighs from 15 to 35 kg / m3. One cubic meter of material of 5 cm will suffice for insulation 20 m2 walls.
- Low price for the material. Polyfoam PSB-S-15 stands from 1500 rubles / m2And "cube" PSB-S-25 will cost 2300 rubles.
- Low thermal conductivity, promoting energy efficiency in the heating season in winter and summer heat.
- Excellent sound insulation.
- The ability to hold its assembly and finishing forces.
types of foam
Polystyrene beads - material for production of foam (foamed polystyrene) and extruded polystyrene. Different technologies allow to get different in strength characteristics, density and thermal insulation properties of materials.
Foam construction called foamed polystyrene on the fracture looking like a compressed between the balls. Material prepared by treating polystyrene beads with hot steam. The finished product does not tolerate mechanical effects, needs to be protected from sunlight.
Extruded polystyrene is much more dense material less susceptible to humidity.
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Main article - how to insulate foam frame house.
you can see the view that the foam is not suitable for thermal insulation of wooden houses on many internet resources - supposedly low paroprovodimost will contribute to the accumulation of moisture in the place of a wooden wall docking and insulation.
To this can be treated differently, but:
- The heated apartment house in the winter the humidity is low because of the working heaters. This is not conducive to "wetting" of the walls from the inside.
- Wooden walls "breathe" and at regular airing excess moisture is removed through the windows and doors, not through walls.
Important! Do not use foam for insulation of saunas, raw outbuildings, vegetable stores, dug in the ground.
There are two technologies as can be clad wooden house inside and out:
- frameless /
- Using the carcass.
Advantages and disadvantages
Each of the methods is endowed with advantages and disadvantages.
frameless method
The technique involves mounting frameless finishing plaster walls. This is due to the need to:
- "Dignify" the appearance of the structure - the white sheets of foam vidneyuscheysya hats zapenennuyu dowels and joints give the impression of unfinished construction.
- Styrofoam of any brand is subject to degradation by ultraviolet light, are used to protect the opaque "a covering" material.
- The structure of the foam does not allow him to effectively resist the destructive mechanical effects.
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Advantages of the method:
- The minimum number of process steps.
- Small deadlines.
- Longer lifetime.
Advantages slightly offset by the difficulties that may arise from a master who does not have the skills of plastering work:
- Additional costs for skilled labor.
- Finishing must begin immediately after the installation of insulation and finish as fast as possible, to minimize the time spent in the sun foam.
Frame version of insulation
The method consists in pre-mounted on the walls of the frame of the building, which is installed between the joists insulation. Finishing is attached to the crate.
Frame method:
- Suitable foam for use with a density of 15 kg / m3.
- Saving building materials for mounting lath.
- Available for beginners and inexperienced artists.
- The external finishing and waterproofing layer reliably protects the insulation from mechanical damage and weathering.
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Description of the processes of warming
Each of the insulation methods mentioned above is carried out on an individual manner.
Algorithm insulation method frameless
The method involves fixing of insulation directly on the house wall and the subsequent finishing.
Sequencing:
- Calculation and buy foam and fasteners. Calculate the amount of insulation required is simple. Perimeter task multiplied by the height of the walls and subtract the area of window and door openings. Dividing 100 by a selected thickness in cm sheets prepared area that can cover 1 m3 material. To this result is added 5-10% in case of emergencies. To acquire the foam fixing dowels with poppet heads. For mounting a single sheet of dimensions 1x1 m need 5-6 hardware.
- Caulking buy foam adhesive or assembly foam. For the application will need a special gun. It should be noted that the adhesive foam is more expensive, but better suited for sealing joints, as less expands after application, without deforming the sheets of insulation.
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Important! Be sure to purchase cleaner foam - other means to wash tools, hands and clothing will not work.
- Prepare for warming the surface of the walls. Work carried out in the summer is better when it is best to dry out the walls. Timber, logs, boards cleaned of dirt, scraped the old paint. The gaps in the walls of the timber and the timber sealed with oakum or caulk. The surface is treated with an antiseptic to prevent mold, mildew, wood destroying pests. Damaged portions of the walls being restored by removing damaged. Ending operation twice applying a flame retardant (flame retardant impregnation). The walls are dry.
- Using the building level and plumb, applied horizontal and vertical layout for the first-line heater. If the first number will be on the weight of the wall attach support bar.
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- Using a drill, using dowels secure the insulation. Second and subsequent rows set with an offset relative to the first. It is important to carry out the installation of the first row in horizontal position - this will prevent the occurrence of gaps in the rows.
- Sealed seams with foam. Removal of excess sealant is carried out after its complete curing, generally process takes from 12 hours to one day.
- Pinion or improvised means applied perforation (puncture depth of 1 cm) on the surface of the insulation. Perforation promotes better adhesion of plaster to the foam.
- Applied to the surface of the foam layer (1-2 mm) of adhesive for polystyrene, level.
- On the surface greased with glue impose slightly "pritaplivayut" plaster fiberglass mesh. The joints operate webs overlapping by 10 cm. The seams between the plates and foam edge networks should not be the same.
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Important! When buying a grid clarify its compatibility with the composition of the adhesive plaster, which are planning to implement - some meshes can break down the cement, which is part of the adhesive composition.
- Reinforcing mesh smoothed with a spatula from the center outwards, pushing it into the adhesive composition. Flattened mesh is applied a second layer of glue, leveling surface.
- Dried surface is treated with primer deep penetration, it is desirable to apply a second layer after the first drying.
- Carry surface plaster formulations for external use. How to trim options for experienced builders can recommend plaster "bark beetle". Simplified version - staining surface facade paint.
Frame method of thermal insulation
Carcass method differs from the method described above. Here it step by step algorithm:
- Carry out geometric measurements of the walls of the house, including the perimeters of windows and doors. Calculating the area to be insulation acquire foam material can be purchased at a density of 15 kg / m3.
- Calculate and acquire the pieces of wood and galvanized profile for the frame. The amount of material depends on the applied finishing material. Usually I perform vertical lags at a distance of 50 cm, to be able to securely attach siding and use the foam sheets without waste. In cases when using extruded polystyrene, oriented to the geometric dimensions of the insulation plates.
- Analogously to the method of preparation is carried frameless insulation walls - cleaning processing impregnations.
- Secure the crate on the wall. To use the wooden bars of suitable length screws, nails. Extensive product is secured by means of brackets. The metal profile mounted on the preset brackets. It is important to keep the exact distance between the guiding framework for the foam to "lay down" the most tightly. For example, if the foam is 50 cm wide is used, the distance between the edges of lag to be 49.5 cm.
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- Mount insulation between joists lath securing dowels with additional polystyrene poppet heads.
- The gaps between the insulation and the carcass is greater than 1.5 mm zapenivayut - this will prevent cold bridges in winter.
- Above the foam waterproofing membrane is attached to protect the house from moisture penetration and destruction of the foam.
- In the case where the house will be trimmed siding, over the waterproofing membrane is fixed slats small thickness that will provide clearance for ventilation.
- Mount material finishing screws.
The difference in the warming of the inside and outside
Warming of foam inside any buildings is rarely used. Internal insulation does not prevent the freezing of the walls during a cold snap. Walls cease to accumulate heat, dew point moves deeper construction. On the other hand, the indoor air faster gaining temperature, as no energy is consumed for heating the walls. Internal insulation may be advisable for the cottages, which are not used for permanent residence.
Differences in the foam insulation of the house inside and out due to the properties of the insulation:
- Foam lit only when exposed to open fire - self-extinguishing occurs in 3-4 seconds, but at a high temperature (80 aboutC or higher) surrounding air or object emits toxic substance.
- Foam is not insulated chimneys, the space around furnaces and other heat sources.
- Do not use foam to furnish steam rooms, saunas.
- With insulation inside the house preferred method of mounting crate - frame method. This will improve the ventilation, reducing the accumulation of moisture between the foam and the wall.
Thus, the insulation of wooden home is carried out both outside and inside buildings. It is important to observe some simple rules, and to choose the appropriate way to finish, to be able to reconstruct their own.