One of the most important communications systems is a drainage structure, reliable operation of which depends on the quality and comfort of living in the house. With a wide range of materials and fittings to connect the various sewer pipes, the system can be assembled by hand.
Sewage need to drain the dirty water and human waste from home. Without such a system can not be operated premises.
The choice of material
Assembling drainage design begins with the selection of the material. At the moment, the majority of pipelines are assembled from plastic parts that are characterized by a number of advantages:
- Low weight. Thanks to this material conveniently delivered to the assembly site.
- A variety of sizes and diameters of prefabricated elements.
- A plurality of connecting parts and fittings, which if necessary can be found in any store and replace the spoiled part.
- Resistance to corrosion processes.
- Due to the lesser friction force inside, compared with cast iron, it decreases the likelihood of blockage.
Despite the popularity of plastic constructions, metal and remain in vogue. Kinds of metal sewer pipes and their connections can be divided into:
- Steel. Products made of this material are different strength and durability, low cost and ease of processing.
- Cast iron. Compared with steel not afraid of corrosion, however, this option will be worth more. Have high levels of durability and reliability, the longest service life of up to 80 years.
There are a number of pipe materials which are used to create a water disposal:
- ceramic;
- asbestos,
- PVC;
- concrete.
Each of them have their positive characteristics, but are used much less frequently metal or plastic.
types of connections
All sanitary sewer connection methods are divided into detachable and permanent.
Releasable connection methods
They are flange and coupling. They are used to connect all kinds of plastic sewer pipes. While collecting flange by using a cast-iron fixture with a rubber gasket. Action scheme will be as follows:
- In the place where will be docked, make perfectly smooth cut.
- Shear mounted flange.
- The gasket is installed on the distance from the protrusion 10 cm.
- The flange is mounted on top of the gasket with bolts with flanges.
- Bolts are easy to connect.
To collect the water pipe, wherein the high pressure is not provided or for repair use thimble assembly method. The coupling assembly is carried out in this order:
- Prepare the ends of the connected elements. They are stripped and cut off at an angle of 180 degrees.
- In place coupling fit connection so that its central portion lying flat on the joint.
- On the surface, leave notes with clutch arrangement.
- In this place the wall lubrication processed for better coupling compound.
- The sleeve pipe end is inserted until it stops.
- On the other hand installed pipe of the same size so that the longitudinal axis became uniform.
All work is carried out manually. If work is carried out at temperatures below zero, should be used with silicone grease.
unsplit methods
Such a connection method is performed in several ways: by soldering, welding, pressing, bonding with cement mortar.
pipeline welding
The socket connection method performs the method of bonding or welding. This is one of the most popular ways to create permanent connections. They combine metal and plastic products. Welding is carried out by pressure or melting. Welding by melting is done by a special soldering equipment, which is chosen depending on the material production tubing: metal, metal, plastic.
Carry out welding works in two ways: butt and bell and spigot. When using a sealing bell and spigot, one end is fused with the inner side, the other on the outside. Then connected to each other quickly.
Butt welding is performed using the soldering apparatus for plastic pipe. The ends of the two connecting parts oplavlivayutsya and immediately connected to the pressure applied to them.
Welding of metal structures requires special skills and equipment. It should be understood. What welded pipe with galvanized metal impossible. This can result in damage to the galvanized layer. Copper welded construction using a gas burner with a special bronze silver-solder.
Gluing
Method for adhesive bonding material required - or epoxy adhesive BF-2. This method is only suitable for plastic designs.
Bonding process is carried out according to the following instructions:
- Connect two pipe ends, one side of which a rubber socket end and the other smooth. The gasket must be correctly spaced and smooth surface without defects.
- Connecting the ends are greased with putty or silicone adhesive, and immediately connected as the dust settling on the mounting portion is not recommended.
- The position of all mating components should have the same axis.
- The depth of the promotion at one end into the bell regulated the mark on the surface. To go beyond it is not necessary.
If all works well to hold, operate the sewer system can be in a few hours, will be long in this life.
How to connect pipes of different material
For compounds of compositionally different diameters and elements are used:
- Fittings - fixing details with the threaded passage. With their help connect different parts of parts performing the design rotation, or counter mounted crane.
- Adapters - details that allow you to vary the direction of the system, to equalize the diameter of a sewer system.
- Sealing elements. Used to seal the joints of the system.
In older homes, where universally used iron drain, there is a replacement of obsolete drainage system on modern materials. In this case come to apply connection methods two compositionally different materials: metal and plastic. Combine them in several ways:
- Using a rubber gasket.
- With the use of the plastic adapter.
- With the help of the press fitting.
- Insulation reeling from flax.
- Sealing silicone.
- Application of the flange.
Using a rubber gasket justified if the socket cast iron pipe is in a satisfactory condition. The order of actions on the connection of the two elements will be the following:
- The funnel is cleaned of dust, dirt and rust, dried, and the surface is degreased. On the inner side of the sealant layer is applied.
- The adapter is also processed hermetic structure and is inserted into the pipe.
- The free end is inserted into a plastic drain until it stops.
- On top of the joints again processed hermetic structure.
The connection is reliable, and if repairs can be easily disassembled.
Using the plastic adapter with rubber seal effectively when the system was left without a bell. In such a case, when connecting pipe cutting edge should be as smooth. On the iron element is worn rubber gasket with the pretreated surface of the sealant. Over the worn rubber sleeve with adapter. To this plastic element mounted corresponding diameter.
Application pressfitting reliability due to the special compound for the sewer system, the equipped inside the room. Press-fitting equipped with thread on both sides for connection with the socket iron and plastic construction. High connection reliability, but is complicated in the assembly process.
Preroll of flax used masters plumbers long before the sealants. She many years served as a reliable insulation material when creating a drain and is still in demand. I use it in this way:
- In place of a joint linen thread wound in several layers.
- Inserted into the sewer pipe into the effluent to stop.
- Using a flat screwdriver preroll nachekanivaetsya the gaps between the edges of splice elements.
- Next, at the joint location applied mixture, which includes the PVA adhesive, grout and water.
- After complete solidification, usually it takes at least 24 hours, the sewerage system can be used.
Pipe connection using a sealant similar to the previous technique, but here applies silicone sealant. Try to place it as deep as possible into the slot. Take advantage of this construction pistol.
Flange connection used to connect cast iron and plastic pipes of large diameter. It is technically complicated method that requires skill and special fastening materials - flanges. The sequence of actions is carried out:
- The end iron element trimmed and cleaned of dirt and foreign particles.
- To it is mounted by welding flange.
- Top assembled structure is applied crimp sleeve.
- Between the connecting portions of the seal is placed and fixed with bolts.
Now you have a complete understanding of how to connect the pipes of different materials.
Compound plastic pipes of different diameter
Collecting sewer system includes the installation of sanitary ware: toilet, bathtub, sink.
Method compound with toilet sewage pipe will depend on the location and the sleeve diameter. Can use several options:
- A compound of the socket. The toilet is connected to the sewage system through the corrugated tube. If the distance from the sink to the connector assembly on the toilet less than 1 meter may be used to connect the cam. He put on the toilet nozzle at one end, and on the other side to the junction of the drain.
- Using welding. To connect to a plumbing system in this manner a plastic require soldering rotary heater. Stitches in the face part of the heated and soldered together. Connect the PVC pipe by using cold welding. This is the easiest and most effective way of bonding elements of the design of pipes of different diameters for the organization of drains from sanitary devices.
When installing the tub and sink need to overflow device. To connect to the sewer siphon need corrugated tube of hard plastic, suitable in size. It is important to consider the height of the drain hole and its distance from the sewer entrance.
Requirements to the joints of sewer pipes and corner connections
When you create a sewer system should be self-aware of the rules laying down the pipeline. Its placed at a slight slant. It is necessary that the water does not stagnate in the system. The slope must be at least 2 cm per meter of packed. Is correct piping check on the level.
The weak point for laying the sewer system are the joints. Therefore, their sealing is of particular importance. After graduating from the design collection system is checked for leaks. For this drain completely filled with water. When tested in the audit give temporary plug. Leaks should not be.
conclusion
In order to qualitatively carry out drainage assembly in the house, it is necessary to choose the pipe joining method, based on the materials of manufacture. All work on the connection and sealing joints should be carried out according to the instructions to avoid problems in the further operation of the system.
