Landscape portion 15 ar 100 photos and diagrams

Accomplishment of land - true art. Although the term "landscape architecture" appeared only two centuries ago, the territory of registration, attached to the house, people did thousands of years. Beautiful fountains, benches, fences, trees, and the arch lights ennobling appearance portion. Landscaping was born on the principles of town planning and landscape design. This art form skilfully combines natural and man-made elements. Harmony between objects created by man and nature - that's the main goal pursued by landscape designers. Plot fifteen hectare relate to relatively large. In such an area is enough space to accommodate as necessary for the life of construction and decorative elements. To learn how to think correctly and to develop a landscape design 15 acres of land and discuss in this article.

Features of the design area

It plays an important role portion shape. There are four options:

Square	The most winning form that allows you to translate the ideas of symmetrical and asymmetrical arrangement of zones.
Rectangle	Elongated portions slightly lose the square, but this form is also considered not the worst option. In one of the short sides, as a rule, place a conditional center - house. In the far corner of the front of the main structure of a horticultural and farming.
Triangle	Optimal central location the house and the location of other large objects at an equal distance from it.
irregular shape	The most complicated case, which is easy to beat, having left a set of creative ideas.

Also, consider the stylistic decision, because in landscape design, as in the usual, too, there are lots of areas with its own rules and requirements.

Even before the land purchase is necessary to ask, in a valley or on a hill it is. In the first case the owners will always have to suffer with stagnant during the rains and melting snow water (drainage does not always save). For this reason it is best to choose a hill. If the owners of "lucky" with uneven terrain, then trees, shrubs and vegetable farm, you need to look mounds.

Preliminary work or create a design project

site design project should be based on the preferences of each member of the family, which matched with the capabilities territory. Some like to soak up the sunshine on a lounger or a hammock with a book, the other is not possible to pull out of the garden, while others can not imagine their life without leisure and barbecue. Creating a design project includes the following mandatory steps:

• Removing measurements. The more precise figures, the fewer problems will arise when implementing the plan into reality.
• Then, in a special program or piece of paper draw the shape of the site, marked its size and definitely added to the scale. On the correct scaling depend on the accuracy of subsequent calculations consumables.
• If the site is already partially built up, it is marked on the plan of construction and facilities that the owners are planning to leave.
• Then, to simplify the problem by splitting the entire territory of a dotted line on the functional areas. For example, a playground for passive recreation and cooking, vegetable garden, garden, swimming pool.
• Further notes the locus of perennial shrubs and trees. After this other symbols mark the ones that will be planted soon. Greening portion should be conducted uniformly, so that no strong grouping stands in one place and "bald" voids in the other. It is also necessary to consider the rules of acceptable distances from trees and shrubs to the street, neighboring land and buildings.
• Then, in the scheme of communication lines mark the location (water, gas, electricity), those that are already there, and those lining are scheduled.

Then it is necessary to perform a "reconnaissance in force" and the fit of the project after a detailed study of the area on the site. It should be taken into account:

• The proximity of groundwater;
• bias;
• The presence of swampy places where stagnant water;
• Hilly.

In the latter case, experienced designers recommend not to adjust the relief by means of bulk earth as perfectly smooth plane is too boring and conservative. It is better to turn the territory of the disadvantages into advantages by the original location of objects and areas.

Before planning should immediately determine the main, massive elements will be placed on what principles: symmetry or asymmetry. In the first case, the project will create easier. In asymmetric arrangement connect the hidden reserves of creative designer: it can create a unique composition that truly is second to none.

Choose the style and image of the site

Every owner wants to get as a result of a balanced composition, where each element is in its place. To achieve this, you must correctly position the content of the site and create a complete picture of the stylistic and color. This is no easy task, but once decided to perform design works with their hands, you have to work hard. Conventionally, the filling can be classified into three groups:

• Natural elements. These include not only the trees and shrubs, but also ponds, hills, stone cliffs, perhaps even of the rocks. Even at the planning stage designer immediately decides that from the created nature, he will leave the area, and that will take away. These elements set the tone throughout. And every season your cottage and surrounding ownership will change its color: juicy spring greens mixed with flowers bloom, summer kaleidoscope of colorful blossoms, autumn yellow fire and monotonous winter white.
• Architectural buildings. This category includes the very cottage, garage, bath, outside toilet facilities, facilities for animals, sheds for storing firewood and inventory. Any man-made structures, that are part of the complex architectural encompassed by this group. They should be designed in one style and become an extension of each other.
• Decorative items that have been created by man. In fact this group includes "everything else": benches, gazebos, swimming pools, flower beds, lights, fences and sculptures. These parts can be made in all colors and styles. They are nothing like the finishing touches that give the design of the site finished look. Evergreen plantings will help to dilute the monotonous winter view of green notes and flower beds and avenues open space for playing with color.

Allocate a fourth group to which a track is referred, walkways, decking. From the color scheme depends on many things. It helps to "hide" flaws territory, emphasize its strengths, change the perspective and make the site visually more. And it does not require any drastic changes, and in case of failure, the decor can simply be removed or moved.

greening portion

First we need to choose the right time to work on the arrangement of the suburban area. garden decoration initially strongly disfigures the territory, so it is best to carry out in autumn or spring. wilting period in anticipation of winter preferable as six months svezheposazhennye trees and bushes have time to adopt and gain strength, and in the warmer land already time to go green. Construction of the garden, too, to perform better in the fall. This is especially handy if you plan on placing greenhouses and raised beds. Spring planting of vegetable crops and so would take too long. This process will be easier if part of the task will be carried out in advance.

Greening portion begins with the definition of the major factors influencing the growth of plants:

• Climatic conditions;
• type of soil;
• Relief.

Not everything that grows well in the south, take root in the central part of Russia. Due to the nature of the relief certain plants can bloom and smell even from the neighbors, but in their own flowerbed fading. Landscaping carried out in several directions at once. According to the classical principle of the separation of plants are classified into three groups:

• External, ie hedges, which in view of the whole street.
• Internal. Here are those spaces which are directly adjacent to the country house.
• Intermediate. Any plant, located on the site and perform a decorative function.

Also plantations can be classified into the following types:

• Trees and shrubs. As a rule, perennials, which will stretch for years.
• Flower gardens and flowerbeds. Exclusively ornamental plants, which largely depends on the aesthetic appearance of the territory.
• Lawn. Herbaceous cover, which takes most of the "derelict" area.
• Beds. Although they belong to the farm and vegetable garden, but some useful cooking plants look great and can become part of the decor.

Let's talk about each type in more detail.

Lawn

The lawn needs to mask the "bare earth". After all, suburban area located in the nature and paving most of the territory is wrong, because the coating will always be reminded of the urban concrete jungle. There are four main types of lawn:

• Park. The most common type. His grass is low in height, thus greatly simplifying maintenance. Park lawn as if created for walking on it barefoot. It is soft, elastic and gives the area a kind of nobility, elegance. Among the composition of the park lawn grasses are usually present: Asherah bluegrass, meadow timothy, perennial ryegrass and common Grebennik.
• Ground. They decorate brownies territory rich mansions and luxury villas. Ground lawn requires regular maintenance: mowing, watering three times a month, fertilization. It is based on several types of ovsyannitsy - herb with narrow leaves.

• Mauritanian. Perhaps the most colorful appearance of the lawn. The composition of herbs included cornflowers, forget-me, calendula, series, delphiniums, chamomile, daisies, poppies, pansies, thyme, forget-me, and about 30 species of wildflowers. Grasses requires almost no maintenance: it is necessary only once a year cut. But in the period of flowering fragrant Moorish "carpet" will bring an armada of buzzing bees and butterflies battalions, gracefully flitting from flower to flower.
• Round. Lawn suitable for those who do not want to wait for the grass to grow. Her for two years grown on special fields, then trimmed, cut, along with the roots and the top layer of the ground and rolled into rolls. Buyer can only roll them on the site and compacted.

Any type of lawn ennobles territory and serves as an excellent alternative to gravel, asphalt, pavement, and other man-made coatings.

Flower beds and flower gardens

Flower garden - a general term, which includes and flowerbeds. Any plant having buds of different shapes, sizes and colors, can be planted on a plot as a decoration. They do not carry any practical use and are intended only for the pleasures of sight. Flower beds are classified into the following types:

• The "free". Creating the illusion that plantations do not have a side, which would be separated from the rest of them. In fact, the fence, but they dug deep and protrude above the ground for a couple of centimeters. Additionally decorate their bulk thin strip of gravel or sand.
• Flowerbed. Plantings have bumpers. They are made of plastic, wood, metal, slate, bottles, tires and polycarbonate. Type of material depends on the stylistic portion.
• Fillets beds. They are conventional, two-sided fence that follows the track. The presence of the flanges in such beds is not required.
• Ridges. Flower garden always has a rectangular shape and is more like a bed. There prevail perennials, because every year to re-planting ridges are too time-consuming. Such flowerbeds decorate curb lanes, the free space near the fence or fill the voids between the functional zones.
• Modular. These flower beds interspersed with cobbled sections of the territory.
• Mixborders. It is a single-sided strip wild perennial flowers rising above the belt.

Also, there are mini-beds, multi-dimensional, mixed, monoklumby and plantings of perennials.

Trees and shrubs

The landscaping trees are divided by type:

• Evergreen deciduous. Very whimsical trees, which include magnolia and barberry. Allow to keep the aesthetics of the site, even in winter.
• Conifers. They differ unpretentious and spread indescribable smell.
• Deciduous. They form the basis of a decorative portion of filling. This type includes the famous Japanese sakura - a symbol of the rising sun.
• Fruit. The most common type of trees used in suburban areas. In addition to appearance, they also bring practical benefits in the form of fruits, for which he valued highly.

Ways planting trees on a plot of four:

• Groups. Trees one or more species are combined in a small composition.
• Tapeworms. Trees planted alone. Since in this arrangement they would instantly engage the attention, that their appearance should be carefully monitored.
• Alley. Mainly one type of trees planted along linear tracks.
• Hedge. Usually it is made of bushes, but the high fence also occur. Plantings are classified as requiring a haircut and wild.

Shrubs also have their own classification. They are divided into flowering and dekorativnolistvennye. Typically, using such plants make a distinction separate zones portion. Organically look rows of shrubs between the beds and vegetable garden. To include flowering hydrangea, lilac, rose hips and heather, and to Dekorativnolistvennye boxwood, dogwood, euonymus, privet.

The beds alternatively landscaping

The beds can also become an ornament of the site. They can be made "high", ie to fence bumpers and add the bulk of the earth, and the spaces fill up with gravel, decorated wood Spili or stone paths. These beds will be present domain suburban area. Plantings of different kinds of lettuce and spices are sometimes isolated in separate beds, which have around the house, not in the garden. Vertical ridges at all act as an independent decorative element. They are made of narrow boxes that are attached to a fence or wall at different levels. Ideal solutions for such braiding plants: cucumbers, beans, peas.

Water is life

On any section of the water should be present. This may be water or a well, but its presence is necessary, otherwise about any comfortable stay and can be no question. However, the reservoirs can perform not only practical, but also a decorative function. Such decoration area in the landscape design is divided into three types:

• Artificial. Man-made structures that are "fed" with drinking water.
• Natural. Perhaps the lucky owners of the site to become owners of the pond or stream.
• Combined. In this case, natural ponds are supplemented by artificial decorative elements. The most glaring example - man-made "sills" under the brook, which turn it into a mini-waterfall.

Also, bodies of water are classified into two types:

• Static. These include swimming pools, swamps and ponds, that is, standing waters.
• Dynamic. This group is referred waterfalls, fountains, streams, cascades (waterfalls group) and sources. The latter is considered the most primitive, but no less beautiful type reservoirs.

The pond can be supplemented with flora and fish, and for the waterfalls there is no better decoration than ordinary stones of different shapes and textures.

Artificial ponds can be purchased ready-made in specialty stores or create your own from scratch. This process is a combination of exciting art and technical aspects. The simplest and easiest way: to bury the old tub in the back yard. Its decorated with stones around the perimeter and so mask that distinguish the container from the natural reservoir is impossible.

Outbuildings

Additional buildings include all buildings apart from the main house. They are classified in the household (for practical purposes) and decorative. Stand out platforms for rest, as they perform two functions at once: decorate the site and provide a venue for leisure activities.

areas for recreation options

Nothing can compare with the rest at their summer cottage. Fresh air, beautiful views, no city noise and road smog. Even the hot summer is much easier to carry in the outback. What can compare with the crackling of wood in the fire on winter evenings? The five most popular kinds of rest areas include:

• Patio. So called back patio, which is enclosed on all sides by flowerbeds, hedges or terraces. Although the Latin word, but first appeared in Spain patio. Usually they decorate pergola (latticework roof) and ground cover floor boards or concrete screed.
• Arbor (gazebo). The traditional version of the site for recreation. Pergolas can be open or closed. In the first case the walls or partially present, or presents decorative wooden bars. Closed arbor can be used even in the winter and have a stove or fireplace for heating. Also, the construction is provided with a barbecue or grill for cooking meat with the smoke.
• Terrace. It is attached to the house and is an open porch with outdoor furniture.

Also, there are recreational areas under trees or covered areas, which represent certain "street" room with a sturdy roof and walls of the summer. If a family has children, the nearby leisure facilities for adults be sure to equip a children's playground with a slide and a sandpit.

Outbuildings

For commercial buildings include summer kitchens, facilities for pets, sheds for storing garden equipment, toilet, workshop, woodshed. Their location must necessarily conform to established norms. In particular this applies to allowable distances from buildings of different types. Under economic part secrete a separate zone, which takes the lion's share of the area portion. Facilities should be built with an eye to the style of the site and not to spoil his image unsightly appearance.

decorative construction

By decorative constructions (small architectural forms) include arches, pergolas, bridges, mills and wells. They do not carry any practical use, but a positive effect on the aesthetics of the site. Arches mark the place of transition from one zone to another. Pergolas are a "lite" version of the gazebo. Cobblestone bridges decorated with the intersection of the water bodies with a garden path. Although there are cases when they are erected simply for no reason at all not to jump over the barrier, but only for beauty. Decorative wells and mills are used as elements of complex compositions.

Options and design the garden paths

Depending on the material chosen sidewalks can be temporary or monumental. The first option is suitable for sites with more to complete registration.

Garden paths are classified into the following types:

• Concrete. Monumental coating that is suitable for hiking, as well as road tracks.

• Stone. Combines strength and outer beauty. However, the material (granite, basalt, marble) is expensive. Originally looks combination options, where the stone is combined with a lawn.
• Brick. Available material, which will last a long time and will be pleasing to the eye pleasing color.
• Pebbles, gravel. Bulk track refers to a time. If necessary, they can be reclassified in a permanent or migrate.

• Wood. Aesthetically beautiful material, but sensitive to moisture. Creative look of wood Spili track, but their thickness must be impressive to the deck does not split from permanent loads.
• Plastic. Budget option that is ready-made commercially available.
• Ceramics. Typically, the coating spread of pieces of tile mosaic technique. Garden paths also operate in decorative concrete, lids or glass bottles, which digged down in the ground necks.

Lighting

Devices for street lighting generally classified into two types:

• Upper. Presented lights and spotlights. The former can be rechargeable and electric. Solar-powered lights are charged during the day and give light at night. For electrical appliances will have to stretch the wiring.
• Lower. For this type of lighting is commonly used LED ribbon or tiny decorative bulbs.

Also in the area can be highlighted certain figures or compositions only for beauty.

Fence and decorative fences

Fences can be artificial and natural. The former include fences. They in turn are divided into categories depending on the materials used:

• Brick or stone. Monumental fence, which if necessary can defend the territory against foreign "guests".
• Wood. They can be solid or with gaps. Material before installing fence necessarily treated with special compounds that protect from the damaging effects of moisture.
• Metal. As a rule, they perform the technique of forging or casting. Such fences are present ornament suburban area.
• Plastic or polycarbonate. Primitive temporary fences, which are referred to as a budget option.

Natural fences - hedgerows of shrubs or trees, which are systematically trimmed to give them the right shape and tidy appearance. In some cases, use the combined options. For example, the metal fence, ivy-covered or grapes, and aristocratically looks elegant.

Decorative elements - Decoration suburban area

For decorations include vases, garden gnomes, sculptures, single flowerpots, benches and garden furniture, Topiary. These elements are placed in the last turn, when the large-scale work on beautification of the area have already been completed and are the last details. It is not necessary to go to far with fine decor: its abundance would create unnecessary fussiness in the composite picture. Sculpture and vases are usually placed on the lawns. Solitary figures emphasize on the attention. Garden furniture is located near the recreational areas or in a shady corner of the garden. Topiary look beautiful and surrounded by neat garden paths.

conclusion

Design of land between the stages of design and implementation in reality undergo a lot of improvements and adjustments. The final image with all the amendments will be very different from the initial idea. Novice designers should prepare for it, to avoid disappointment. Land in resettlement plan is very different from the apartment and its variability depending on weather and its vagaries. Therefore, the problem of its design is much more complicated.