Mansard roof with his hands: types and constructions +100 photos

Space under the roof as the living quarters for the first time began to be used in France in the 17th century. He popularized the house with a mansard roof François Mansart, after whom they were named. Parisians immediately appreciated the idea, especially arisen to circumvent municipal law under which the state withdraws a fee for each floor, the attic was not whom. Gradually, the fashion for loft spread throughout the world, especially this kind of architecture, like the inhabitants of Europe and America.

Before the Soviet era such superstructures were unclaimed, during the existence of superpowers have been developed SNIP and GOST on arrangement of such structures, however, they received a wide circulation in the last time. At the same time experts are at odds about their appropriateness, one of the leading arguments, others refute them prove that savings in the construction of non-essential, or even completely absent, and the concept of beauty purely individually.

Advantages and disadvantages of mansard roofs

By outward signs attic and loft are similar, but use one name to another mistake. Firstly, it is a heated room, and secondly - the living, the third - it is made in the project, recorded as a functional part of the house, to which summed up all the necessary communications. The main feature is that the roof at the same time serves as a roof, ceiling and walls.

The main difference between the attic floor of the attic space is considered the minimum height of the walls in one and a half meters, it follows from the definition of this design in the regulations, for example, SNIP 2.08.02-89 Annex 2, SP 118.13330.2012 Appendix B, SNIP 31/01/2003, of the other sources.

The main advantages of this construction are:

1. Aesthetic qualities and design. Using a higher structural roof equipped with windows, it gives the building a finished appearance, makes it original.
2. Saving on building materials. Structural weight is much less a full floor, so there is no need to make a reinforced foundation.
3. Extension possibilities. If there is good reason to be converted the finished structure, increase its living space due to the attic.
4. speed of construction. Compared with two-story buildings, the construction of a mansard roof takes less time.
5. Maximum use of space. It allows you to use the vacant, unexploited space.
6. Great view. At night you can watch the sky during the day of cloud movement.

Not without shortcomings and design, considering that developers sometimes abandon their plans for its hardware:

1. Sloping ceilings. Reduction of usable area, it is difficult to approach the lower wall, special furniture required for the arrangement of the internal space.
2. Soundproofing. Even when using the best materials will not completely isolate the sound of falling raindrops, hail, wind blowing.
3. heating costs. Compared with conventional floor, heat loss is increased by 30-40%, which would require large expenditures for heating in winter.
4. Maintainability. Roof cake closed top surface, the bottom layer of insulation and decoration. To inspect the roof, it would have to dismantle lining.
5. A limited selection of building materials. Wood, part of the roof system, changes its characteristics during the entire period of operation, respectively, is not ruled out some movement transmitted to the finish.
6. Thermal, waterproofing. For a comfortable and cozy accommodation is necessary to perform complex work on insulation and protection against moisture.
7. Complex device. Run all the calculations correctly, make a drawing of his own hands is problematic, need the help of professionals.

the construction requirements

Any construction begins with the drafting, which takes into account all the requirements of existing regulations. Attic is no exception. In its planning should adhere to the provisions specified in SNIP 2.08.01-89, SNIP 21-01-97, SNIP 23-05-95, namely:

• It is necessary to maintain a minimum height of the ceiling at different ramps;
• take account of the distribution of living space, set the minimum value for the size of rooms;
• arrangement of a flight of stairs;
• strict observance of the norms and rules of fire safety;
• allowing natural light into the room;
• safe wiring of all communications, connecting attic space with the rest of the house;
• compliance with safety regulations at work.

When designing a new house all the rules easy to consider, but when retrofitting existing housing facilities do not always have the opportunity to roof space. It can not be done with enough solid foundation, which is not able to withstand the additional load, and if for some reason it is impossible to make the height of the ceiling at its highest point is not less than 2.5 m.

Rafter system: features, variations and design device

Rafter system can be called the skeleton of any pitched roof, it is a framework for placing and holding the materials used in the regeneration of roofing pie. For attic floor it still serves as the walls and floor. It affects the durability, reliability, aesthetic and stylistic direction, the life of the entire device. Based on the structural features of all the structures we can distinguish two main types:

1. Hanging.
2. Naslonnye.

Each different type is characterized by its distinctive features that are unique to him. The choice of a model depends on many factors, which include:

• structural dimensions;
• weight roofing, insulation, the fabric;
• the presence of internal capital partitions;
• geometric shape of the roof;
• variant selected for construction materials themselves trusses;
• climate zone provided by the atmospheric load of snow, rain, wind;
• the financial capacity of the developer.

Hanging

Determining the species of a system is carried out on the building design stage. However, the choice is easy to make, hanging structure will be the only option for installations where no internal bearing walls, partitions. Their main feature is that they are based solely on the two opposite outer bearing walls.

Design is better to install in the house with a distance not exceeding 6 m between the side walls. In this constructing the simplest case farm consisting of two roof beams, connected from above a certain angle. Below the horizontal is stronger puffs, consisting of wooden beams. For these purposes, you can also use a metal profile rungs, called tyazhem. Such a device makes it possible to reduce the load on the strut pivots.

Tightening located at the base trusses, serving as the ceiling of the lower floor attic floor. By increasing the width between the partitions to 9 m in farm added and headstock clamp, up to 14 m - additional apparatus headstock and struts. When you select this system should not forget that the whole load only two points of support, so you should reduce the weight of the roof at the cost of roofing materials.

Naslonnaya

This type of construction is mounted in buildings with internal supporting walls. Compared with the previous version, the device and the installation of this type is much easier. In this case, the load distribution is uniform for all the support. The system consists of mauerlat (bars disposed at an upper end portion of the outer bearing walls), horizontal Lezhnyov, ridge pole, fixed to the uprights, struts, and trusses lathing.

Naslonnaya system is most often used in the construction of residential buildings. It can have different designs, among which are:

1. Rafter-spreading without backwater. Characterized by the presence of a strict and free mounting. There are three subspecies:

• the lower part of the rafter is fixed strictly top - free;
• bottom rafter is fixed to the sliding member, the top - tightly;
• bottom - sliding, upper - firmly pressed against the ridge of the roof bars.

1. Spacer rafters without backwater. This is the middle ground between naslonnym and hanging device of the roof where the horse did not fully perform its functions.
2. Rafters with braces. It is both of the above-mentioned type, with retaining elements, propped rafters.
3. With podstropilnymi beams. In this arrangement the skate is completely absent. This option is suitable for buildings with two carrier plates arranged inside.

Materials for the manufacture of roof system

For the construction of roof system used in the amount of the material is limited. You can choose between metal and wood, to combine both kinds of raw materials. Also, there are concrete structures, but they are not used in the construction of suburban houses. Most developers prefers natural wood. Since it is easier to work, this is an environmentally friendly product.

Wooden rafters can be called a classic look. For their production using whole logs, boards, laminated veneer lumber. When choosing, it is desirable to pay attention to the quality of the wood, as well as the fact that the conifers were felled in winter, deciduous summer. Experts recommend to acquire the following species: larch, oak, pine, spruce. The first two types of the most durable, but are difficult to process.

A very important point is the grade of wood. For mauerlat, sleepers, ridge pole is best to use oak or larch top quality. Rafters, racks can be made of softwood embodiment, both the first and second grades, and even for a third struts suitable. When calculating the standard materials systems typically discharged under 75% of first grade wood, 25% - of the second.

All the wooden blanks are divided into three main types: wet, dry, dry. Experts recommend for assembly work to select only the last option that can help avoid later deformation components.

Also, the metal used for the construction of private construction. Most often resort to it if necessary, arrange overlapping by 10 meters long. In this case, replace the wooden beams of the profile pipe. Compound elements is performed by welding. There are combination options when groundsel, mauerlat, ridge pole, stand made of metal, all other parts of the tree.

Structural elements mansard roof

Each roof structure is different, it all depends on the intended roof space. First of all, it takes into account the seasonality of use of the attic. The most complete roofing pie is constructed in the case when the space will be used permanently. It includes the following components:

1. Roofing construction materials: metal, corrugated, flexible bitumen, composite, natural, ceramic and cement-sand tile.
2. The ventilation system: natural, forced, compulsory and extractor hood, combined.
3. Waterproofing: apertured film, film membranes from polymers, polymer-bitumen coating.
4. Insulation layer: mineral wool, polystyrene plates, polyurethane, ecowool.
5. Vapor barrier: single-layer, multi-layer reflecting film.
6. Finishing: drywall, paneling, block house, MDF, plywood, PVC panel, other materials.

Each of these layers is very important, without them it is impossible to equip a comfortable space to stay, to design the interior to make a beautiful architectural cladding. All these elements are mounted on a truss system, which consists of: mauerlat, ridge pole, support pillars, crates, kontrobreshetki, sleepers, trusses, braces.

mount technology

For the inexperienced developer who does not know all the nuances, to prepare a draft, draw drawing, specifying everything you need, it is quite difficult. Even experienced architects and builders who are familiar with this constructive, can make a mistake. technology violation, the slightest inaccuracy in the organization of ventilation systems, waterproofing, insulation, lead to irreparable consequences, will cause costly repair measures.

Determined to build a house with a mansard roof, which was originally to be familiar with the regulations, to examine the design features of such structures, properly perform planning, do the calculation truss system, choose the most suitable material for the work, as well as view the complete examples. If there is no confidence in their own knowledge and skills, it is better to seek help from professionals, who either do the job or help the owner of the council.

Project preparation

Any major construction activities begin with the design. This issue should be taken responsibly, it determines the strength, functionality, aesthetics, durability of the structure. In drawing up the plan should be based on the rules and regulations, namely: SNIP 2.08.02-89, SP 20.13330.2016 (SNIP 2.01.07-85), SNIP 23-05-95, SNIP 21-01-97 JV 70.13330 .2012. Given these documents constitute the project, which includes:

1. Truss system diagram showing all components.
2. Layout of hydro, steam and heat insulation.
3. Drawings showing the placement of roofing materials.
4. View of the interior trim.
5. Total drawing roofing cake with angle of slope, the height of the roof.
6. Sketch with the location of windows to provide natural light.
7. Placing drain pipes, ventilation, chimney.
8. Laying artificial lighting.
9. Heating system.
10. Sewer communications, hoses and drain pipes.
11. The internal space layout.

The calculation of roof system

When designing the attic floor is very important not to make mistakes. It is necessary to perform the calculation of roof system correctly, which depends on the type of construction used in the materials, including finishing. The easiest way to make the necessary calculations with the help of special programs by downloading them online using the online project. Such actions can make with your own hands, for this, the following points should be considered:

• determine the type of structure: hanging, naslonny;
• to know the length and width of the building;
• seasonal assess the level of precipitation, it is enough to drive a searcher in any query: Card precipitation "specific region", this parameter will depend on the angle of inclination of the roof;
• determine the wind load (by analogy with the previous embodiment);
• the distance between the parts.

Online calculators posted on the Internet, does not completely solve the issue. The results are difficult to verify independently verify their authenticity. To calculate only by experienced engineers. Can try its own, but to calculate the parameters should refer to precise methods, for example, SNP II-25-80, 45-5.05-146-2009 TCH.

Making the frame

For clarity, we consider a small master class installation sloping roofs. The whole process step by step as follows:

1. At the end of the load-bearing walls rolled roofing material.
2. Around the perimeter of the waterproofing layer on top of the structures set bar which is mauerlat, using anchors is fixed to the partition.
3. Stray joists consisting of three boards, two of which are equal in width to the same parameter of the building, and one of them is 1 meter wider protrudes from each side wall of 0.5 m.
4. Downed logs stacked on the span at intervals of 0.5 m, both sides are attached to mauerlat with screws and metal parts.
5. On mauerlat level on the floor beams on the level set strictly perpendicular and fixed support beams along both walls. Elements arranged on parallel partitions, upper ends interconnected board.
6. Panelists board of girders via struts are connected to the upper ends of the supporting beams at a predetermined angle, is used for fixing the metal plates.
7. On top of the jib is placed insulation, which is located on top of the crate and kontrobreshetka.
8. Above the middle ridge structure disposed at the correct height to ensure an appropriate angle.
9. To Install the rafters, which are joined together over the ridge pole.
10. Next perform the steps in Sec. 7.
11. Proceed to the formation of the front. To do this, set the take-away, fixed on one side to the nearest beam ceiling, in the middle to the front mauerlat. The distance between them and a projection from the wall is 0.5 m.
12. Take away the front desk set with the planned in the middle of the window.
13. The next step will be the frame paneling roofing materials.

Warming and vapor barrier

After installing the roof system, and the outer battens kontrobreshetki pass to insulation structure. Experts recommend the use of mineral wool, which blends well with wood is moisture, it allows the wood to breathe. It is also used for this purpose polystyrene plates, polyurethane, ecowool. The layer thickness is usually in the range of 20-25 cm, but sometimes up to 30 cm. Heater installation process is as follows:

1. Because the material selected for the appropriate cut to size parts.
2. Insulation is installed between the rafters.
3. If the width of the rafters is not enough, on top of stuffed kontrobreshetku, placed second level of thermal insulation materials.
4. On top of mineral wool covered with a vapor barrier. To do this, use single-layer, multi-layer reflecting film.
5. On top of the resulting construct nailed lath.
6. Perform internal finishing of plasterboard, MDF, PVC, and other materials.

installation of lath

Roofing pie has a rather complicated system. Kontrobreshetka and lathing are very important components of the overall structure. The first element is a counter-thin enough that are responsible for providing Roof ventilation, the second - a base for fixing the roofing and finishing material.

External installation work begins after laying of waterproofing layer on the rafters. Setting the counter-complexity does not cause, they are mounted with the same pitch as the rafters. Above the fixed grating. Depending on the building material to cover, it is placed in two ways:

1. Solid. Boards are placed close to each other. This option is used for shingles, corrugated board.
2. Sparse. The distance between the beams is 50 - 60 cm. Suitable for slate and tile.

Options for the topcoat

When choosing the right roofing material take into account several factors: the aesthetic, functional. On the one hand, it is necessary to emphasize the design of the building, his style, on the other - to provide protection for the roof of cake from precipitation. It also takes into account the weight of the coating, its longevity. Manufacturers of building materials produce a lot of different options that meet different customer requirements, among which are:

• And metal decking. In fact, this steel sheet with a different texture, coated by several additional layers: zinc, corrosion, primer, polymeric, protective. This material is in demand in the decoration of private homes with a loft.
• Soft roof. For operation using the shingles (shingles), roller coating membrane. These construction materials easily take the desired shape, it is not susceptible to corrosion. The service life is 50 years.
• Copper roof. This is the most expensive option of all. Its lifetime is 150-200 years. It does not need repair and maintenance.
• Natural (ceramic, cement and sand) tiles. This material is quite slow heats and cools, allowing to keep warm in the winter and in the summer - cool. It characterized by good sound insulation.

Varieties mansard roofs

The main types of roof structures differ from each other structural features. They can be divided into two groups - single-level and duplex. The first combined with any type of roof (sloping, gable), the latter are mounted on the mixed supports are intended for rooms at different levels.

Pent

Simple roof construction due to lack of skate and difficulties with his arrangement. Such designs have non-standard appearance. On opposite walls of different heights mauerlat mounted and fixed beams, formed with a bevel angle 30-45 ° C. Making it less impossible, since there may be problems with the outflow of snow, rain water, which will lead to additional load on the bearings.

The roof has a slope to the installation of large windows on the high wall of the attic floor. Simple and low-cost design has several significant drawbacks. Location by the narrowing is inconvenient to use, any restrictions in the choice of his appointment. Before you select this option for the building, it is necessary to consider the efficiency of the room.

For the construction of mono-pitch roof will take a few rafters. They are placed on the wall in increments of 1 meter. Between them lay insulation and waterproofing material. Proper installation - a guarantee to reduce heat costs to a minimum.

gable

The most common, cost-effective option roof. Its easy to install and maintain. The traditional form - gable flat, suitable for a single-storey building, has the form of the classic triangle.

Because of the design features - the presence of ramps on both sides, there are difficulties with the interior decoration in the living room (it is impossible to place a high furniture, a feeling of tightness). Will help solve the problem of rational use of angles, for example, for a bed or a change of plan for the initial stage of construction - raising the roof system to the desired height.

polygon

Each ramp is made of two parts connected to each other at a predetermined angle. This allows you to make a break attic room comfortable. The same size base of the house and a broken roof can increase to 50% of the living space of the attic floor, as opposed to a simple gable design.

Increase the usable area of ​​the bottom, a cool tip reduces the cost of roofing materials. High ceilings in the rooms under the roof gives a sense of freedom and space.

sloping roof structure is complicated, because it requires the creation of massive rafter frame. It is more suitable for square houses. Particular attention should be paid to drawing draft. The accuracy of the calculations made will depend on durability, reliability sloping roof. The following factors should be considered:

• Weight roofing material;
• Insulating load components;
• Step battens, rafters;
• Weight latticework and kontrobreshetki;
• The angle of inclination of ramps;
• The length of the rays from the ridge to the eaves;
• Probable load (seasonal, temporary, etc.).

With remote consoles

The popular version of a mansard roof, despite the complexity of the design. The main advantage - the ability to expand the space due to the shift to the edge of one side of the room. The design allows you to push the outer vertical wall beyond the facade and make it large windows.

In addition to the advantages, the roof with portable consoles have significant drawbacks - the complexity of installation, high cost of building materials. On the one hand there is a large sloped plane, and on the other - they have two. Under the wide ledge can make a carport or porch, covered terrace.

Maisonette

In homes with a high roof, more than 5 meters, it is possible to equip a multilevel platform in the attic. These can be two separate rooms connected by a staircase, a large studio with stairs, dressing of several compartments.

Separately, a superstructure do not. Duplex room needs to be planned in advance, even at the design stage, always taking into account the peculiarities of the foundation. Scheme complex truss system, tailored to the asymmetric arrangement of skates.

Especially accurately it is necessary to do the calculations for the second level of the attic, because it will be based on the columns. Using panoramic lighting advantage of such structures can be created in the attic greenhouses, winter gardens.

Mnogoschiptsovaya roof

It differs from the standard embodiments having multiple gables (3 or more). The roof looks presentable and massively, thanks to several departments, especially if matches finish stylistic architectural design.

Mnogoschiptsovaya system consists of individual rays joined into a single structure. Part of the wall between the slopes is called a nutcracker. Conventional mansard roofs are two of them. Products from several gables may be of varying complexity and executed in different variations. Can be set aside space for an extension, increased part of the wall for a panoramic window.

Mounting such roofs complicated and expensive. Materials require much more than the erection of a standard system. Due to the great mercy, complex configuration remains a large number of scraps and remnants of roofing materials. But these negative aspects more than offset the benefits mnogoschiptsovyh following systems:

• High load-bearing capacity;
• High resistance to external influences (gust of wind, snow, bright sunshine);
• Ease of maintenance. Due to the large slope ramps they are not delayed rainwater, garbage;
• High horse. Possibility to arrange underneath the living rooms.

hipped

roof system has four ramp. They may be the same type of tent roof, identical in pairs. In the first case, to provide natural light through the standard window design does not work, will require the installation of roof openings, skylights.

For the design of any type hipped roof must be approached responsibly. Designs have a lot of abutting units, require reliable walls, solid foundation. Depending on the design of the cottage, features clearance portion is selected form the roof of the main building.

hipped

Such roof consists of two pairs of trapezoidal and triangular ramps. Skate in the top of the short 2 times or 3/4, than the house itself. The design is durable and attractive with the right design and subject to certain requirements for diaphragms and beams.

Hipped, poluvalmovaya roof has an interesting structure, which has a positive effect on the perception of the ceiling inside the room. He seems to be higher. The advantage of hipped roof is as follows:

• It enlarges the interior space, leaving unchanged form with a facade;
• Possibility to create a panoramic lighting;
• to wind resistance due to the special form of rays;
• increased rigidity of the structure is durable and safe.

tent

Constructed over the structure with equilateral bearing walls, with a square type of foundation. All ramps are the same size. The main difference between a roof - the complete absence of the ridge. It is the function of the central pillar, which are closed at the top of the rafters. Hip roof performed in various embodiments, but all types should be present narozhniki, mauerlat, groundsel, vertical stand, nakosnye rafters.

Lack of gable design reduces construction costs, there is no need to load the foundation. There is a uniform heating of the roof and away meltwater. Among the shortcomings can be identified complex truss system. Any node of the plurality of elements may lose stability.

asymmetric

Original, non-traditional solution has many advantages associated with not only the external characteristics. Regularly spaced ramps solve energy conservation, compactness, cost of building materials. Such roofs erected on incomplete upper floors and loft, area which is less than the first level.

Stylish, original design is convenient and easy to design. This home can be linked with any topography and landscape design. In the attic under the roof asymmetric convenient to install technical equipment - ventilation system, heating, solar panels. Popular following types of roofs:

• Usual asymmetric;
• Partially broken line;
• On the ridge in the center;
• Offset ridge.

With the "cuckoo"

A small ledge on the attic floor - "cuckoo", has its own architectural systems. Element coupled to the main roof, covered by a roof. Before turning it into a project, you must ensure this need, because it will reduce the strength of the roof system could cause water ingress to the attic.

"Cuckoo" on the roof performs not only a decorative function. The design makes it possible to add one or more windows, improves the usability of the room. Additional space can be used for any domestic purposes. Such an extension can be done by hand in the following variations:

• arched;
• hipped;
• With one or two slopes.

L-shaped

The sequence of construction of the L-shaped roof will vary depending on the width of the gables, and their compliance with each other. Building system consists of two crashed into each other gable roof. They are connected at 90 ° C in the complex node.

Roof T-shaped construction can be of varying complexity. The end wall of simple design are the same width, pediments complex have different dimensions. splicing process in this case complicates the different height of skates. Often these broken roofs do, with varying height gable halves.

Using SIP panels for the mansard roof

Formation of the roof above the attic of SIP-panels - the most convenient way. According to the draft created in view of such a technique, the roof does not need an additional heat insulation. For the exterior finish can be used any material. The roof is in any case will be solid and smooth.

In the presence of a suitable tool and specific skills to easily construct the roof with his hands simple or complex configurations, with multiple windows of different size skates. Warm roof SIPs panels can dramatically improve living conditions in the existing building.

In drafting the need to consider possible difficulties in the construction of the structure. The roof will have a lot of joints, which may adversely affect its strength. Due to the large number of constructs residues increase financial expenses. To create the base plates require more lumber and other support material.

Design: interior decoration attic floor

Create a budget, functional interior in the attic, you can use different materials. The most common wall sheathe plasterboard, paneling, plywood. The modern design allows you to make room in the main house on any architectural directions.

The internal design of the attic will depend on the purpose of the room. If the house is built of wood, of the same material should be interior decoration. Eco style - the most winning option. To convert a simple loft can be under any room. From the upper floors will perfectly lit room, a spacious dressing room, lounge, games for children.

Familiar tall furniture to the attic will not do. It should be only the most necessary items. Bulky sofas will look ridiculous in a room with low ceilings. Good will look modular design, low footstools.

conclusion

Roof roof has both advantages and disadvantages. At the time of the project must take into account all the nuances, to be convinced of its necessity. Just convert the attic will not be enough, it must be reprogrammed, to make a reliable roofing and insulation.