As laid paving slabs: step by step guide 75 photos

For many people, the owners of private houses and public institutions to civil servants, the question of how to lay paving slabs, quite relevant. After using artificial brick can ennoble yard, lay the track, make a convenient area near the buildings, pave the street or sidewalk. The material is quite popular, in demand. Due to the large selection of shapes, colors, sizes, it allows you to create not only a standard clutch, but even perform 3D ornament, lay out different patterns, shapes, and other elements that are different from the basic background color.

Construction of major public facilities carry work crews with special equipment, but the owners its small houses adjoining the site can cope with the work, without the help of specialists, sophisticated technology. This will save the family budget, gain useful experience. The main thing - to follow the instructions and directions to the result of labor bring aesthetic pleasure, was a matter of pride.

Features of paving slabs

Building material well established in the landscaping, whether it is the entrance to the garage or parking vehicles, garden or walkway, the addition of a landscape suburban, suburban area or public parka. Spread the tile in different areas was made possible due to its advantages over alternative coverage options:

• It is impervious to temperature extremes, which allows its use in different climatic zones. In contrast to asphalt, building material is not deformed when heated, produces no harmful substances.
• The surface resistant to abrasion, and in the laid state of the brick is sufficiently strong, it can withstand significant loads.
• It characterized by long service life, which is 15-20 years.
• It is lightweight fabrics, low cost.
• It is easy to mount, to carry out repair work, in case of failure of individual elements to dismantle if required obtaining access to underground communications.
• This is an environmentally friendly product, natural raw materials used in its production.
• It has an attractive appearance, a wide variety of shapes, a variety of ways styling.
• On paved plane does not accumulate water, it partly goes into the ground through the joints between the blocks, flows into the one side, by a small bias is discharged via gutter paving.
• The difficulty lies in the fact that the installation process is slow, as is done by hand, and misfolded blocks will fall.

Depending on the load exerted on the blade surface, the thickness of the product selected. Pedestrian enough 3-5 cm and for cars - 6-8 cm, trucks - 8-10 cm.

Kinds

Paving tile different in many ways. It may be made of different materials, different shapes, sizes, thickness, coloring, production method. If we consider the components included in the concrete mix, the following types can be distinguished:

• Concrete. Standard product consisting of a mixture of cement, sand and water.
• Of natural stone. The most expensive, made of marble, natural stone fractions.
• Clinker. Made of baked clay.
• Sett. It includes a granite crumb.
• With a rubber filler. It has a soft surface, which allows her to lay on playgrounds and sports venues.
• Polymer. Instead of cement employed LDPE (high pressure polyethylene).
• With the three-dimensional pattern. Using molds on the top face printing is applied, as well as a special protective coating.
• With reinforcement. It made only by vibratory casting. The composition is added or flat reinforcement mesh of fibrin.

Produce a finished product in three main ways:

• vibrocast;
• block-making;
• hyper.

dimensions

Manufacturers produce a large range of products, which differ in their characteristics. For each model is characterized by its size. In the example of the table look at the most popular types of paving tiles in accordance with GOST 17608-91, with its characteristics height - h, length - a, width - b.

Name	Drawing	Length	Width	Height, h (mm)
and mm	A1 mm	b, mm	for pedestrians	With the possibility of arrival of passenger transport	With the possibility of arrival of trucks
Square	200	—	200	50	60	80
250	250	100
280	280
300	300
375	375	70
400	400
500	500
750	750	60	80
1000	1000	80	100
Rectangle	240	—	120	70	70	100
375	250	50	60
70
500	250
500	375
750	375	60
750	500
1000	1000	80	80
Hexagon	250	—	432	50	60	100
375	648	70
500	865	60	80
pentagonal dobornye	125	125	432	50	60	100
187	375	648	70
250	250	865	60	80
quadrangular final assembly	—	216	500	50	60	100
324	750	70
433	1000	60	80

The table shows the major part of the standards. There are also a variety of curly, decorative patterns. Each individual manufacturer markets its products on its own development, so the parameters of products often do not comply with the general rules.

The form

Options for paving slabs, differing in texture, the mutual arrangement of boundaries, a large number. Their shape in most cases depends on the material used in the manufacture of the final product:

1. Natural stone difficult to handle, so the granite paving stones in limited forms. In the method of processing raw materials are: paving sawn - cut out the image of a square or rectangle with smooth surfaces; puncture - is formed by the fault of a single piece of granite stone into smaller parts, has an irregular texture; sawn-stab - shape formed by cutting, so it is convenient to stack, while the upper face is different topography.
2. Clay tile has a small selection of shapes, mostly rectangular versions, its cost many times more expensive of concrete counterparts, the color palette is limited to a range of reds and yellows, used very seldom.
3. Standard cement products presented wide range of models, different in both appearance and size. Many species have names that match certain parameters.

Let's consider some options:

• Classical. Represented by a square, it has a large variety of colors the outer surface.
• Brick. Externally similar to the brick, but the smaller size allows you to create various combinations of styling.
• Cobblestone. Stone obtained artificially simulating natural.
• Honeycomb. Tiles in the form of a hexagon.
• Parquet. A square paving stone parquet pattern on several strips.
• Caso. Characterized by Gothic ornament.
• Wave. It has curved side lines, which contributes to better adhesion.
• Clover. Rhombus with rounded sides.
• Gossamer. It has a pattern that simulates the web.
• Coil. It resembles a standard coil, with projections on the ends.
• Tumbled. Characterized by rounded edges.
• Scales. Externally similar to flake fish.
• Cloud. Square products with a decorative design surface like clouds.
• Flower. Square with a picture of chamomile.
• Border. Protects the border of the site, the path, gives the finished appearance of the finished canvas.
• Drain. The special item, designed for water drainage.

Material

External design, size, location of the boundaries of the order - important characteristics of this subject. But durability, the technical properties of the product depend on the raw material from which made paving tiles. Let us examine in more detail species used in the production of materials:

1. A natural stone. To operate using granite, marble, basalt. Is characterized by durability, wear resistance, resistance to moisture, temperature changes. The only drawback is the high cost, complexity of treatment of the natural material.
2. Colored concrete mixtures. It consists of cement, grade M400 and sand. To improve characteristics such as strength, frost resistance, hygroscopicity, of the add special impurities and additives in the form of gravel, expanded clay, fiberglass and special additives, plasticizers.
3. Clinker. The product obtained by firing at high temperature refractory shale clays. Used for paving roads, industrial floors. A small selection of different colors, cost 5 times the concrete counterparts.
4. Polymeric sand. 75% consist of screened silica sand, the remainder being polymers - polystyrene, polypropylene. The finished product is able to withstand the temperature changes from - 70 to + 100 ° C. Plasticity feedstock prevents the formation of microcracks, resulting in destruction of the paving stones.

Color

The construction market offers a variety of different colors of paving stones that can solve any design problem. However, depending on the dye used in production, caused resistance to fading. The best are natural pigments such as carbon black which imparts a black color tile, a mixture of iron oxides - red color.

Yellow and shades are also considered relatively stable, but because of the constant settling of the dust surface becomes gray. Worst of all carry natural factors blue and green dyes, to purchase shade of gray material can take at least two years.

We should also mention the natural stone and clinker. They are limited in the colors, but over time it does not change. Concrete bricks are painted in the production process in two ways:

• Surface. Used alkyd, polyurethane dyes. Staining is performed on the sidewalk or stacked on top of the finished products. It allows to change the color of the finished coating, to increase strength, wear resistance.
• Penetrating. The pigment is added directly into the solution. They use natural and artificial colorants.

It is better to use natural coloring elements. Such substances do not lose their color, do not fade when exposed to sunlight, have a less negative impact on the properties of the finished product.

Rules and registration scheme

Scheme stacking of the finished product depends on the particular type of paving stone, its color, the presence of the figure, the relief amount. Installation depends on the method of coating appearance. Also fabric design should blend with the landscape. Consider the most popular examples of masonry:

• Linear. Also, this method is called a classic stretcher, brick bunch. Standard view of masonry with a straightforward picture. Paving can be performed in two ways: without shifting; offset. The first option is rarely used because it reduces the load-bearing characteristics of the web. The second method is the most common. The main condition for laying - joints must not be the same, according to the principle of building a brick wall. The offset can be half and three quarters, and playing colors can be obtained and the diagonal tracked scheme.
• Linear-angular. Increases load bearing capacity of the surface, so this method is good to use in locations with high load. Depending on the arrangement of the elements can be divided into two main circuits: herringbone and network. In the first case, rectangular bricks must be laid in rows at an angle of 45 °, with each successive element disposed on one curve touches the poke spoon half the previous one. In the second embodiment, a method of paving does not differ from the previous one, only tiles located at right angles at 90 °.
• Block. Masonry block is performed. Modules can be stacked from two elements, alternating horizontal and vertical location as well as a pair through one stack perpendicular to the brick. In the first case, by using only two colors obtained checkerboard.
• Random layout. Excellent choice, used tiles "Old Town", "brick", "Classic Rust" flagstone. The elements are placed in random order, which allows you to create an original, unique pattern.
• Spiral, circular. One of the most difficult. The components are arranged in a circle or a square.
• Art. Due to the different colors, the combination of different methods, elaborate scheme, you can lay out the beautiful drawings, designs, geometric shapes.

How to lay tile

Not knowing where to start, the work may seem complicated, troublesome. But if you understand all the intricacies, it is quite possible to perform with his own hands, without resorting to the help of experts. The process begins with a drawing, training materials, tools, etc. are carried out action on the arrangement base, filling pillow, curb installation and assembling of the top sheet, grouting. Let us consider in detail each step.

Materials and tools

It is very important before the start of the work to prepare everything necessary for its implementation. These actions subsequently save time, do not have to be distracted by the search for the missing elements. Also, when buying tiles is recommended to provide its supply, as it may break when you move, during installation, when it is shrunk with a rubber mallet. In order not to miss anything, should be familiar with the materials and tools used in order to work:

• sand, gravel, cement;
• geotextiles;
• paving slabs, fillets elements plum;
• mixer or old tub, for mixing the solution;
• Bulgarian;
• disc coated for cutting concrete;
• wheelbarrow;
• electric, manual tamping;

• spades, shovels;
• trowel, long and short rule;
• a bucket, a broom;
• level, tape measure;
• rake for aligning particulate material;
• ordinary hammer and rubber;
• strong thread;
• round tubes, a special profile for beacons;
• metal pegs.

The markup for laying

on arrangement of the territory of the work begins with a clear project. Of course, if we consider only one small for garden path, then all can be calculated in the mind, but when paving large areas without the scheme is indispensable.

Make a plan, you can start marking territory. This will require a builder's level, measuring tape, strong thread, metal pegs or pieces of rebar. First, measurements are carried out. They need to start from the angle structures, which will touch the canvas. If there is no, then the tops of the site under consideration are driven stakes.

Perform a pre-layout, you must make additional measurements to establish a subsidiary pegs at a distance of 1.5 - 2 meters, which will help in the future have the right rows, align joints, put details. Between the metal staves by level tensioned thread, thus should provide a small bias to one side, which will be located drains water. We should not lose sight of the plane occupied by the curbs.

Surface preparation - a protective layer and a drainage device

After marking pad is necessary to prepare a base. To this end, the upper part of the soil is removed. Depending on the cushion layer of the pit depth can be 40-50 cm. Further deepening of the surface is cleaned from the roots, leveled, compacted earth handmade tamper. Top is covered with geotextile, prevents the germination of unwanted vegetation.

It is important to consider and to equip the drainage device. In clay soil where the shallow groundwater situated, in step earthwork slope formed, drainage pipes are installed. If the soil is composed of sand, quickly absorb moisture, it is enough to execute blade bias to one side, as well as to provide for the presence of guttering, drains.

After the start of preparatory work to form a first drainage layer of cake. To this is filled 10 - 30 cm small fraction broken or dropout, it is aligned rake compacted.

Installing the curb or the curb

Curb not only gives the site a beautiful view, protects her, but also fixes the tile does not allow it to spread around. It is set along a track in the garden, around the perimeter of the plane located near the house, public institutions. Proper fixation border - one of the most difficult stages, it requires the utmost precision and attention. Blocks should rise above the tiles on half its height 10-15 cm.

Fixed curbs on the concrete pad prior to application of the sand layer, using cement mortar. Their height is determined by the thread taut and evenness - level. If necessary, they can be raised, to seat with a rubber mallet. There are also a variety of barriers that are not visible. Such options are installed with paving stones on a cement-sand bed, attached with metal pegs, fittings segments.

Preparation of the base under the tile

On top of the gravel or macadam laid sand layer, it is spread with a rake, filled with water, compacted with an electric or manual tamping. After compaction the thickness should be 5-10 cm.

Further poured cement-sand mixture was obtained by mixing one part of cement with six parts of quarry sand. Sometimes the tiles are laid directly on the hard-packed sand. The mixture is well moistened and compacted, leveled on beacons using rules. The layer thickness should be 2-4 cm.

For larger loads, the scheme is a bit different. First, on the compacted soil layer of poured sand 10-15 cm, more rubble or gravel - 10-15 cm, and on top is filled with reinforced concrete slab 10-12 cm thick, which is already installed on curbs, stacked beacons poured cement-sand mortar thickness of 2-4 cm, is aligned rule.

Laying tiles

In sand, as well as on its mixture with cement, brick fits the same. Laying should begin from the walls of the house or set a border that is more convenient, because it is exposed on the markup. The first row is placed on a level a certain line. In the case of stacking the curly crop of products, which should fill in the gaps between the tiles and wall or curb, set at the last moment, after the main assembly works.

Tiles may vary in thickness, so under some elements will pour the mixture, and the other seat a rubber mallet. But the pavers should be tightly pressed against the surface. Also when laying bricks observe the gap between the individual parts. Depending on the scheme, the type of stone blocks stacked next series.

If there are ways of laying obstacles in the form of necessary utilities, pipes, trees, something about them can be installed curbs or brick will approach close. But also undercuts mounted last. Laying out a certain part, looking at the evenness of joints, their trimmed, if necessary, after sprinkle dry cement-sand mixture and prometayut so that it fills the gaps between bricks. After the end of major works begin on the remaining voids between the wall and the web. To do this, cut the tile vymerennye pieces.

Grouting

Seal the tile seams in several ways. This procedure is necessary to ensure the stability and durability of the paving. One of the options - a cement-sand mixture. After thorough kneading of the dry components it is poured onto the surface and spread along the joints by means of a soft brush or a broom. Leveling continue until the material will not fill the gap for the top. Remains clean and tile splash water from a hose.

Also, grout can be used for grouting. It is poured in the direction of the joints and dub with a rubber spatula. Immediately after the completion of all of the recesses until the solution began to harden, its remnants are cleaned with a cloth. After a couple of days, if the cement will shrink, you must repeat the procedure.

How to care for paving slabs

Paving tile undemanding material, but it requires special care with a certain periodicity. Only with proper cleaning of it will last for decades. Special funds should be chosen depending on the time of year and method of use.

During the summer, the biggest problem is the dust and debris. You can deal with it by simply sweeping out. Serious contamination is removed with water. Tile in wet areas, for example, a pool, a fountain, water repellent substances to be coated. Perform cleaning tiles should be at the slightest contamination, especially if it's oily stains from machines, carbon black, a dried cement.

The main enemy of street tiles winter - ice and snow. Rude mechanical stress, such as shearing scrap, in this case do not fit. It is better to melt the solid crust of warm water or using special chemicals. Snow shovel should be plastic or wood. Protect the coating against penetration of moisture can be via waterproofing solutions. They must be applied immediately after installation.

conclusion

Paving tiles - one of the best materials for decorating surfaces. His hands can easily perform the work for laying tracks and platforms in the country, homestead, garden, do check for the car parking. Due to the large selection of materials, shapes, sizes, colors, styling techniques, using stone blocks can solve any design styling tasks landscape.