Contents:
- Optimal values
- Instrument types
- Hygrometers
- Psychrometers
handicaps The reason for the relapse of allergic and respiratory diseases can be a microclimate indoors: temperature, absolute and relative humidity. The normal values of these parameters create favorable conditions for a person to live in an apartment or a private house. But how is the humidity measured? The answer is simple: a hygrometer or psychrometer.
Advice
Before buying the device, you should find out about its advantages and disadvantages.
One of the undoubted advantages of the device for determining the moisture content in airspace is ease of operation.
Optimal values
The humidity in the apartment is the degree of air saturation in pairs. It is measured as a percentage of the actual amount of moisture to the maximum possible value at the same temperature. Its high parameters can not be easily determined: a mold appears in the corners of the room, chronic diseases are exacerbated in a person, immunity decreases. At a low humidity in the room, furniture from wood quickly deteriorates, and family members have unpleasant sensations of dryness of the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes. If there is no moisture in the surrounding space, the dust does not settle for a long time on the surfaces, but remains in the air, penetrates into the bronchi and lungs.
The target of the room determines the optimum humidity parameters. The norm is expressed as a percentage:
- living room - 50-60%;
- bedroom - 45-50%;
- for children - 50-60%;
- cabinet - 40-45%;
- kitchen and bathroom - up to 60%.
Numerous factors affect the values obtained during the measurement process: the time of year, the power of the radiators, the region of residence.
Specialists operate with two types of humidity:
- relative;
- is absolute.
The last value shows how much moisture is in the cubic meter( in which the air in the room is measured).In everyday life, the absolute indicator is practically not used.
Tip
Humidity parameters can be determined using indoor plants. If the leaves twist and turn yellow, they are often inhabited by harmful insects, then the air in the room is very dry. When the colors appear brown spots, and the roots begin to rot, this means that in the surrounding space the excess water content.
Relative air humidity is measured using instruments that are convenient for a person without special skills in working with complex devices. This parameter is sufficient to determine the moisture content in the surrounding space.
Types of devices
At home, measuring the humidity of air in various ways, but the most objective values are obtained using special instruments: a hygrometer and a psychrometer.
Hygrometers
Humidity is measured with a hygrometer, the principle of which is based on fixing variables while increasing or decreasing the concentration of water molecules in the surrounding space. In such conditions, the physical parameters( density, mass, length) of the material structure used in the measurement process and actively absorbing moisture change. The results obtained will characterize the degree of saturation of the surrounding space with water vapor. Before measuring the humidity with a hygrometer, it should be borne in mind that the values will be approximate.
In specialized stores, hygrometers are available in a wide range. They can be:
- hairy;
- by weight;
- condensing;
- electrolytic;
- ceramic.
No special accuracy is required for household use. Determine the relative humidity of the hygrometer simply, but there are also performance characteristics of the device.
Before measuring the humidity, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of using the hygrometer:
- , it is always necessary to ensure that the humidifying material is wet and clean;The
- should not be placed near air conditioning and radiators.
The principle of operation of the hygrometer is based on comparing the readings of a thermometer in contact with a damp material and a thermometer that fixes the values in a real setting. The results are determined by an ordinary graduated scale. The difference in the parameters is checked against the data of the psychometric table, regardless of which device the values were obtained from.
Psychrometers
To measure the humidity with a psychrometer, you need to understand the principle of its operation. When the liquid evaporates, the temperature of the surrounding space decreases. The more intense the evaporation, the cooler the air becomes, which determines the device. This process is affected by a set of factors:
- the concentration of water vapor;
- air flow rate in the room.
Taking into account the temperature difference between wet material and air, the evaporation rate can be determined. If the device is located near a window or fan, the values obtained will not be accurate due to the circulation of the streams.
Relative air humidity is measured using the following types of psychrometers:
- stationary;
- remote;
- aspiration.
The latter are considered the most accurate and reliable devices. It is very easy to measure the humidity of air using the Assman psychrometer - the device is provided with a protective casing. Therefore, the obtained values are not affected by the speed of air streams.
