Ammonia is ammonia?

Ammonium alcohol and ammonia are widely used in various fields of human activity. Some believe that ammonia is ammonia, but in reality it is not at all what any chemist will prove to you. From this article you will learn what ammonia and ammonia are, and what is the difference between them.

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History of ammonia

Salt of ammonia was known to the Romans from very ancient times. The Romans collected on the territory of ancient Libya deposits of this substance near the temple of Amun.

Ammonium alcohol, as a form of ammonium chloride, was of great importance to Muslim alchemists as early as the 8th century. For the first time mention of this substance is found in the treatises of the Arab chemist Jabir ibn Hayyan, as well as in the works of European alchemists of the 13th century - when this element was mentioned by Albert the Great.

Used ammonia spirit not only for certain rites, but also for changing the hue of dyes on a plant basis. Vasily Valentin in the 15th century proved that it is possible to obtain NH4Cl even under the action of alkaline substances on ammonium chloride.

A little later, ammonium chloride was obtained by distilling horns and hoofs of cattle( oxen), and neutralization of the obtained carbonate was carried out with hydrochloric acid. Due to this, the tool began to be called "the spirit of a deer horn".

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History of the appearance of ammonia

For the first time ammonia was received in 1774 by an English chemist, Joseph Priestley. He discovered the gas was called "alkaline air," because the chemical composition of the chemist, and at the same time the priest, could not determine. Only 11 years later( in 1785) Claude Louis Berthollet - a famous French chemist determined the chemical composition of the gas and called it ammonia( NH3).

On account of why the gas was named that way, there are two versions:

• one is associated with the name of the god of the ancient Egyptians - Amon;
• second - with a similar in sounding oasis in the region of northern Africa - "Ammon".

According to the first version, people worshiping the god Amon, during the rite smelling ammonia spirit.

Important! The chemical formula of ammonia is NH4Cl. When heated, it releases ammonia, so the gas, which has the chemical formula NH3, was called ammonia.

According to the second - in the oasis of Ammon, which is located at the crossroads of caravan routes, due to the presence of a huge number of pack animals, the products of their vital activity accumulated. Under the conditions of a hot climate, urea has the property of rapidly decomposing and secrete a gas called ammonia.

Which of the two versions is correct and correct - it is not known to this day.

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What is ammonia and ammonia?

Even judging by the history of origin, ammonia and ammonia are 2 different substances. The most important difference between these two chemical compounds is that under the same conditions they have a different aggregate state:

• ammonia is a liquid;
• ammonia is a gas that liquefies at -33 ° C.

Important! Both substances have a characteristic unpleasant odor.

Many believe that ammonia is just a solution of ammonia in the water. For household needs, this is often how it is obtained, but the actual process of ammonia ammonia formation is longer and has two stages:

1. Ammonium hydrate is formed from ammonia.
2. When the hydrate is dissolved with water, the composition is formed, which is called ammonia.

Thus, the opinion that ammonia is ammonia is erroneous.

Important! At factories where ammonia is used, refrigeration masters do not particularly bother themselves with complex chemical formulas. They act very simply: they lower the hose with ammonia in a bucket of water and at the same time they get the necessary amount of ammonia solution. The limiting saturation of the solution is determined by them at the hearing: as soon as specific clicks begin, everything, the gas overlaps, the facility is ready.

The difference of these 2 substances is not only in chemical formulas, but also in the fields of application. Ammonia is one of the most important products used in the chemical industry. This gas found its application in this way:

• Manufacture of ammonia.
• Construction( included in anti-freeze additives).
• Manufacture of polymers, soda and nitric acid.
• Production of fertilizers.
• Manufacture of explosives.
• It is used to maintain the stable operation of various household and industrial equipment as a refrigerant.

Important! Ammonium alcohol finds its application in a narrower range of directions. Mostly - in medicine as an antiseptic, as well as in everyday life: many housewives bring out this solution stains from clothes of various origins.

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Instruction for use

Fibreacard is available in several forms:

• glass bottles from 10 to 100 ml for external use;
• ampoules of 1 ml( 10% aqueous solution of ammonia).

Store the drug in darkened cool places. The suitability of the ampoule is 5 years, vials - 2 years.

Indications for the use of the drug

• Inhalation - for the excitation of respiration, as well as for the rapid removal of a person from the fainting condition.
• Outwardly - with the treatment of hands in surgical practice and for the disinfection of the skin, to eliminate the itching after bites of various insects.
• Inside - exclusively as an emetic.

Important! Remember that ammonia is not ammonia and can not be used in the same way. A pure ammonia compound can cause significant harm to human health.

Farmakodinamika preparation

When inhaled ammonia, the drug acts on the receptors of the upper pathways of the respiratory system. In this case, a reflex-respiratory center is involved. Also, the drug reflexively affects the work of the heart and the tone of the vessels.

During the application of the drug, the vomiting center is energized inside, due to which it becomes possible to empty the organs of the digestive system from toxins.

When applied to the skin of the drug, a distraction is effected through the skin receptors. The drug suppresses the focus of excitement, reduces muscle pain and tension, and cures tissue spasms. At the site of contact with the drug, skin receptors break, which provokes the release of active substances. Thanks to this, the vessels expand, the process of tissue regeneration and nutrition is accelerated, the outflow of metabolites is normalized.

Pharmacokinetics

Ammonium alcohol is quickly excreted by the bronchial glands and lungs.

Rules for the use of

In medical practice, this alcohol is often used to irritate the receptors of the nasal mucosa with syncope, as well as alcohol poisoning. To correctly use the drug, follow the following instructions:

1. To normalize breathing and bring a person "into feelings" with fainting, bring a piece of cotton wool moistened with ammonia solution to the patient's nostrils.

Important! Keep vatu not closer than 5 cm from the nose, so that when the drug contacts the skin, there are no burns.

1. When alcohol poisoning can give the victim to drink ammonia, but only in a diluted form. Proportion: 5-6 drops per glass of water.
2. Use an ammonia-anise drop as an expectorant. This combined preparation includes a solution of ammonia, ethyl alcohol and anise oil. Recommended daily dose:
   • For adults - up to 15 drops( not more than 5 drops twice-thrice a day).
   • Children under 1 year - a maximum of 1 drop, can be up to 2 times a day.
3. To provoke vomiting, use the drug in a diluted form: 5-7 drops of the drug for half a cup of water.

Important! The diluted drug, when taken internally, causes burns to the esophagus.

1. For washing hands in surgical practice, also use the remedy in diluted form: 25 ml of the preparation for 5 liters of boiled warm water.
2. Ointment, made from liquid ammonia and lanolin in equal amounts, is used to stop unpleasant symptoms after insect bites.

Safety Precautions

• Inhalation of ammonia, ammonia, ammonia in large quantities can cause a loss of breathing and cardiac rhythm disturbances.
• If the drug is taken in large concentrations, the following symptoms will appear: abdominal pain, bowel disturbance, vomiting, convulsions.
• If an overdose has occurred during inhalation, then a runny nose, coughing, flushing of the larynx, stopping breathing.
• In case of external application, an overdose is fraught with burns.

Important! The lethal dose of ammonia solution is 10-15 g.

First aid for poisoning:

1. When poisoning with ammonia, the injured person should be taken to fresh air, the throat, nose, and the mouth thoroughly rinsed with water. For greater efficiency, add glutamic acid or citric acid to the water.
2. If the product disappears on an open area of ​​the body, rinse the damaged skin with plenty of water and cover with a bandage. To apply any ointments within 24 hours is not recommended, and further conduct therapeutic treatment is the same as with thermal burns.
3. If ammonia, ammonia of high concentration, got into the digestive tract, then rinse the stomach thoroughly. To the victim give to drink some fibers from eggs, a spoon of vegetable oil, a glass of milk. If possible, make an enema.
4. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with ammonia water. After that, apply on the affected area on the skin with vaseline or olive oil and drip your eyes with a 0.5% solution of dicaine, and if necessary cover your eyes with a bandage.

Important! In case of poisoning of any degree, contact a medical institution for qualified assistance and prevention of serious negative consequences from ammonia, ammonia for your health.

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Use of liquid ammonia in everyday life

Ammonia water is used in gardening, as well as in everyday life, as a universal cleaning agent. It is used in the fight against aphids, for cultivating cultivated crops on the site from the onion fly and for fertilizing plants. Ammonia( ammonia) is used as follows:

Recipe # 1 - from aphids:

1. 4 tbsp.l.the drug is diluted in 20 liters of water. The amount can be changed, proceeding from this concentration to the desired volume.
2. Add a little detergent to the solution( for better adhesion).
3. Use a solution for spraying plants in the control of aphids.

Recipe No.2 - fertilizer

50 ml of the drug is dissolved in 4 liters of water. Use the solution as a top dressing for garden and houseplants.

Important! This remedy will also help you get rid of mosquitoes and gnats.

Recipe # 3 - for watering onions

1. Brew 1-2 tbsp.l.ammonia in a bucket of water.
2. Water the onion with the product obtained - from the moment of planting to the end of June.

Recipe # 4 - cleaning gold

1. Mix 2 tsp.ammonia with 2 glasses of water.
2. Add 1 tbsp solution to the solution.l.any detergent.
3. Place the gold jewelry in the cleaning solution for 1-2 hours.
4. After treatment, rinse products in water and wipe dry with a tissue.

Important! For cleaning gold, this tool can be used in another way:

• Add 0.5 tsp.ammonia in 100 ml of water.
• Add to the solution 30 ml of hydrogen peroxide and ½ tsp.liquid detergent.
• Place the jewelery in the prepared mortar for 15 minutes.
• After treatment, rinse gold with water and wipe dry with a napkin.

Recipe # 5 - silver cleaning

1. Dilute ammonia with water - proportions 1:10.
2. Leave the product in silver for a few hours in the solution.
3. After cleaning, rinse the silver under the water and wipe it with a soft cloth.

Important! For regular cleaning of silver, use a soap solution with a little addition of ammonia.

Ammonium hydroxide is an important source of nitrogen for all living systems. Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere( more than 75%), but not many living beings are able to use it, and nitrogen is necessary for the biosynthesis of amino acids that are building blocks of protein. We hope that this article helped you evaluate the usefulness, properties and dignity of ammonia.