8 types of hammers: appointment, how to select, operate

Hammers - a kind of tool used for committing industrial activities and domestic operations. One of the first devices, mastered by man.

Hammer - a percussion instrument type. Uses the kinetic energy or force of inertia of the striker in the processing of the material or the impact on the hammered object. Divided into hand-species or with a mechanical drive.

In order to solve specific problems firing pin is made of soft metals - copper, solid wood, solid rubber. May have a complicated construction and consist of several elements.

A variety of impact-type hand tools and requirements set forth in GOST 11042-90.

bench hammer

It is the most common type of hand-held hammer. It is a striker, fitted on the handle. The latter is made of solid wood varieties (beech, oak), tool steel or composites.

The firing pin is manufactured in the form of a rectangular bar with one hand and pointed in a triangle with the other end. Available species with a rounded hammer (cylindered) of the impact portion.

Designed for operations in Nail Hammering, steel dowels, wedges. With it, the work is carried out with a chisel bit, a chisel. Produced work with metal - straightening deformed parts of the product, or bending.

carpentry hammer

It is used when performing carpentry:

• plugging and pulling out nails;
• assembly or disassembly of wooden structures;
• operation with the cutting, piercing device.

The firing pin is formed as a rectangular bar or cylinder. The opposing portion is a curved narrowing part from mid-cut.

This slot is designed to capture the heads of nails. Colloquial name of the instrument - a hammer with a claw hammer.

mallet

Joinery device designed to work with an auxiliary tool having a soft handle. It may be a chisel or a chisel, equipped with a wooden handle.

Kiyanka produced from hardwood key. It is used for forming structures made of wood and furniture assembly. Models available, the firing pin which is made of rubber.

Such device handlers are tiled or paving slabs, it eliminates shock loading and reduces the surface pressure.

Kiyanka tinker intended for straightening a thin metal sheet, for example, in the manufacture of ventilation ducts of galvanized material. Characterized simplest form, the firing pin has a rectangular cross section.

Bushhammer

Another name - kirochka. Used for chipping bricks, masonry with masonry work. The striker is divided into three zones:

• central, with a hole in the middle, is used for attachment to the handle;
• back side is formed as a truncated rectangular pyramid; designed for tamping stone;
• shaped stitching portion close to the nose of bits - it is performed chipped.

Thanks to the thinned tapered portion which is kirochka knock frozen solution to correct surface defects.

Sledgehammer

The weight starts at 1 kg. Hammer has a classic rectangular shape. It is used for heavy work with metal spikes clogging rail, Never nail piles and m. P.

The firing pin is made from impact-resistant metal. Used Steel grades 40, 45, 50, U7. Working surface is subjected to hardening to a depth of 30 mm. After this operation achieves hardness HRC 32,5. Is fixed on the handle mild steel wedges.

The handle is made of a viscous and dense wood shaft is larger than in a conventional hammer. The cross-section - oval. The size of increases to the bottom - it ensures reliable grip and reduces the risk of failure of the instrument from the working hands.

straightening

It is used for work with sheet metal. The firing pin has a pointed occipital part. is not used for domestic purposes, the main application in the industry.

roof

Assigning the name implies. The main application - the work on the roof. The impact of the one side has a rectangular shape. On the other - a tapered portion with a slot under the nails.

A variation is a hammer-ax. It is convenient to cut through soft roofing material during dismantling operations.

Special hammer

Along with the widespread percussion device manufactured pattern with highly directional action:

• Neurological. It is used to test the sensitivity of nerve endings, for example in the area of ​​the knee tendon. It is made of stainless steel.

At the ends of the striker disposed soft polymeric nozzles occurs by means of their effect on the reflex zones.

• Safe. This type of tool is used in places where the accumulation of hazardous substances is observed. For example, a gas or petrochemical industry.

To this end, the hammer surface is covered with a layer of copper alloys or entirely made of them. Minus - a fast wear of the working parts.

• Radiant. Upon impact absent or reduced rebound effect. This phenomenon provides structure striking portion. It is hollow and is filled with metal shot. They are used when performing operations astronauts under weightless conditions.
• experimental. They are used in laboratory work. For example, a hammer or Kashkarova Fizdelya. They are used to determine the strength of concrete mixtures.

How to choose a hammer

Despite the simplicity of the design, the hammer is produced in accordance with the requirements set out in the technical documentation:

1. Striker housing manufactured by forging, should have a uniform structure. Crack, delamination, the internal cavity and the cavity is unacceptable. The surface free from cavities, barbs. Working plane is subjected to grinding.
2. Shock and gvozdodernaya part in service by the action must retain its shape, does not warp, does not crumble.
3. The wood for the production of the handles does not rot, worm holes, cracks, dead knots. It has a uniform dense structure.
4. The surface of the handle is subjected to grinding and coated solid paint layer.
5. The firing pin is placed on the handle tightly. Scrolling is not allowed. Wood moisture content before docking should not exceed 12%.

The compound is subjected to tightening stresses:

• hammer to 0.2 kg - no less than 50 kgf (490 N);
• 0.2-1.0 kg - 110 kgf (980 N);
• over 1 kg - 150 kgf (1470 N).

Part tool before shipment subject to acceptance control, labeled and packed.

The main parameter - assignment tool. The hammer must be used for the operations for which it is designed.

Drum mass influences the final impact force (except for the physical efforts of man). With increasing weight increases the kinetic energy and inertia component.

Therefore, a heavy device easier to hammer a nail, bend the metal rod, destroy unnecessary concrete structure.

But the increase in mass leads growth dimensions. When working with small parts to operate heavy tool becomes uncomfortable. The conclusion is that it is advisable to keep the number of sizes, e.g., 100, 300, 500-gram hammer.

One of them with the striker-claw. This principle can be attributed to the choice of other percussion instruments.

Exploitation

In the application building tool it is advisable to follow some rules:

1. Before you start, be sure to inspect the hammer in order to identify damage to the handle or pin, check the fixation of the hammer. Damage to handle or crash fragments can cause injury, damage to the surroundings.
2. The handle and the working part should not contain grease, dirt. These coatings violate reliable retention in the hands, contribute to slipping from the workpiece.
3. Working gloves and gloves must be selected from polyurethane resin coating - this will increase the reliability in the fixation of the hammer arms.
4. Small nails better fixed in a pair of pliers or tweezers. This will avoid hand injury.