To protect electrical appliances, extending their service life, it is necessary to purchase a stabilizer. Before you visit the store in search of the necessary model, you need to know the purpose and principle of operation of the device.
Content:
- Features
- Types, advantages and characteristics of the voltage regulator
- type of network
- Exploitation
Features
The main element considered Transformer. By variable circuit it is connected to the diodes. For some models, there are 5 or more diodes to form a bridge. For these elements is a transistor, followed by the regulator. Additional stabilizers are equipped with condensers. For automatic shutdown mechanism responds circuit.
Operating principle
At the heart of - feedback method. To start the electric current reaches the transformer. If the voltage exceeds the permitted value, it connects to the work of diode which is directly connected to the transistor.
Since the current in the alternating flats, the input voltage is subjected to additional filtration. In this case, the capacitor acts as a converter.
After the electric current bypasses the resistor, it is again supplied to the transformer. As a result, the rated load varies. To avoid overheating of capacitors, equipped with automatic equipment. Before output current is subjected to another filtration, after which it is rectified value.
Types, advantages and characteristics of the voltage regulator
- Relay (step);
- electromechanical;
- thyristor (TRIAC);
- double conversion device;
- stabilizers PWM.
Stepped. They are reliable and are used to eliminate interference in the electric network by connecting industrial machinery or household purpose: video equipment, computers, medical or vending machines, connected equipment. In addition, the device is a comprehensive protection of apartments, private houses, offices.
Among the advantages of the stepped regulator: compact housing, affordable cost, reliability. Relay stabilizers are characterized by optimal range of input voltage, which ranges from 100 to 290 V. In addition, the switching of the windings is fast (200 ms).
Disadvantages.
- Relatively short period of time relay (10 years), depending on the intensity of electric surges.
- The errors at the output can reach 15%.
- The probability that the contact group relays burn out.
Electromechanical. current adjustments are made automatically by the motor and gearbox. Characterized by easy maintenance. It implemented a smooth adjustment mode. And the output current has a precise value.
Performed in the optimal ratio of: price and quality. Since the device is switched on the motor, even in the presence of the most modern and advanced control systems, it is impossible to obtain a high speed adjustment.
For this reason, the reaction rate at low jump. Not suitable for connection of welding equipment.
Pros:
- reasonable cost;
- compact size;
- stepless adjustment;
- high accuracy of the output current (2-3%);
- a great resource.
For obvious drawback to high noise level when the equipment is low and the reaction rate on the voltage jump.
Thyristor. Characterized by long service life through the use of semiconductor thyristors. Moreover, their life does not depend on the nature and intensity of the extremes. A response speed is 20 ms. Zoom is not currently possible due to violation of a sine wave output current.
These devices are the best among others, since the efficiency is equal to 98%, and they can operate in the range of 40 to 50 kW. When you start the electrical eliminated the probability of occurrence of any failures.
The technique can safely function in the case of maximum load at any spike occurs. Due to these qualities of thyristor equipment is used on objects of industrial production and in everyday life.
These qualities affect the final cost that is too overpriced. In addition, the formation of prices affects the accuracy class. There are a number of models that adjust the output current in a narrow range.
Positive sides:
- realization of complete protection from stresses and shocks;
- higher reaction rate;
- universal application;
- compactness;
- noiseless operation;
- high efficiency parameters;
- ensuring a smooth adjustment.
Negative sides:
- high price;
- the presence of a weak heat.
double conversion device. Applicable art to protect supersensitive power from 1 kW to 30 kW. Quickly connect, operate silently, and suppress noise in the electrical network. Equipment differs input current range - from 118 to 300 V.
The magnitude of the input current is directly dependent on the load experienced by the network. This range is typical for 50% load. At a load of 50% to 70% range is 140-300 W. If the load exceeds 70%, then the range of values will be different: from 160 to 300 V.
It is expensive, but it is reliable and quality that justifies the stated price.
Pros:
- ultra-high speed connectivity;
- quiet operation;
- compact size;
- a wide range of input voltage;
- elimination of interference in the electrical network.
The disadvantage is a high price.
PWM regulators. They represent a new generation in the field of voltage regulation. At the core of the work is a pulse-width modulation. At the inlet and outlet are located analog filters that effectively smooths interference caused in the electric network.
The characteristic feature is the absence of transformers. It is possible to reduce the size and weight of stabilizers. Characterized by a high degree of accuracy (around 1%) and instantaneous trip.
PWM regulators are effective even in the event of frequent and serious changes that occur when the welding equipment.
Despite the high quality and reliability, the equipment is characterized by a low-threshold input voltage - 245 V and expensive. But with all this, the devices are universal, and successfully applied in industry and in everyday life.
The advantages include:
- compact size;
- high speed response;
- quiet operation;
- a light weight;
- high reliability;
- universal application.
The disadvantages include:
- low threshold values for the input current;
- high price.
type of network
The electric network can be divided into two types:
- The single-phase;
- Three-phase.
Single-phase equipment is used for single-phase wiring voltage of 220 V. For household appliances (TVs, computers, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.) this type of network is used more often.
Three-phase equipment is designed for three-phase mains voltage of 380 V and can withstand heavy loads. Used to protect high power devices located in offices or industrial buildings.
Three-phase mains wiring found in suburban homes, and sometimes even in the apartment. But as in all high-rise buildings-phase wiring is used, then the question of choice is no longer relevant.
Power
One gets the power of devices that are constantly working on the electrical network. To this number is added the total power used by other appliances which are periodically connected.
For further calculation we need a special factor reflecting the quality of the mains. On average, you can safely take the figure 1.29. The calculated total power is multiplied by 1.29. The resulting value is rounded. This value should be guided in choosing power.
Contemporary models have included protection against excessive current loads and power surges. Yet there is a protective function that prevents short-circuiting and overloading of equipment. Occurs when the simultaneous use of several electric devices.
Choose the stabilizer should be with a margin of 2-3 kW, as with time probably the purchase of new appliances.
The efficiency of two or three of the above devices than one.
Exploitation
Do not connect two or more stabilizer parallel fashion, since they will create the interference to each other. The solution lies in the arrangement of the stabilizers at a distance from each other.
Unacceptable incorporation technique of "coarse" and "precise" type into the outlet via an extension cord. For example, a refrigerator and TV, located in the kitchen. Refrigerator will create interference to TV work, which is connected regulator is unable to cope. TV should be connected through a surge protector, and for the refrigerator to get the UPS.
Some homes supplied with gas, which requires careful handling. In this case, the use of electromechanical stabilizers banned. When the gas leakage, there is a risk of fire from sparks contacts.
For three-phase network is unacceptable to use three single-phase devices. When an emergency occurs in phase, it requires disabling the others. Otherwise, the devices will deteriorate. If there is no other option, then set the phase control.
