The heating system in a house or an apartment: a ranking of

How do you know that for batteries set builder and how much heat will be in a new apartment, explains Roman Šidlauskas - development director of the Russian representative office of the Italian manufacturers of radiators Global Radiatori.

We are not talking about the design or the color of the battery, and the objective parameters heating systemsThat can be evaluated: materials, heat transfer, size. For compliance for each parameter heating system Buildings receive points. As a result, we derive the formula by which it will be possible to evaluate the quality of the battery in the new apartment.

Material

The first thing you should pay attention - the metal of the manufactured battery. A chance to meet in a new classic cast iron radiators It tends to zero. But if suddenly in the apartment building they are installed, two conclusions can be drawn.

Firstly, there is a possibility that the water treatment at home is poor. Engineering recommended to install a battery of iron, corrosion resistant. This is especially true for regions of Russia, where due to the increased acidity of the water or its content of aggressive substances, often formed on the radiators rust and they begin flow.

Secondly, the more likely a developer trying to save money, so I chose the classic and cheap cast-iron radiators instead of modern alternatives, which cost a bit more expensive purchase.

In Soviet times, alternative iron batteries were not, but now on the market there are other heating appliances that surpass them in quality. It is not difficult, because "neubivaemye" at first glance, radiators made of cast iron have a number of disadvantages:

Thus, the presence of radiators of a flat iron - is zero points in the heating system rating.

Plus are modern alternatives - steel panel and aluminum radiators.

Both types of devices are well heated room. Steel works well in heating systems where the water level is higher pH nine. This is more common in "stalinkas" or "Khrushchev," but the high acidity of the water is in buildings in some regions of Russia, for example, Ryazan, and Leningrad region.

But steel panel radiators is a nuance - low operating pressure, slightly higher than the cast-iron battery. At a pressure above 15 atmospheres in the heating system the device may leak.

In general, the steel panel radiators heating system in the building gets 1 point.

The best option - aluminum radiators, which are of higher quality than other types of devices. These radiators have a high emissivity and are made in sections, whereby it is possible to accurately select a size suitable for heating a specific room. Hidden "edges" that increase the area of ​​the instrument and rounded structure, through which air enters the center of the room - all this allows the aluminum radiators to warm up well and evenly premises.

The only caveat - battery aluminum are susceptible to water with high acidity, so they are often installed in residential complexes with the level of coolant 9 below pH.

Thus, aluminum radiators in the apartment building with its own thermal point bring 1 point in karma builder and heating system in top quality apartments.

Manufacturer

Aluminum radiator - it's good, but do not hang up on him a medal for the first place, is not yet known manufacturer.

Let's start with the fact that the battery should be marking: the brand, model, country and date of issue. Typically, this information is provided on the side section. In the case of absence of marking on the battery, you can not check: manufacturer who hesitate to point to the device its own brand, most likely, does not want to be responsible for its quality. It's just a score of zero. The information is there - we go further.

About Reliability of the radiator can be judged by the country of manufacture. Ideal - European radiators or batteries of domestic manufacturers who have proven themselves in the market. In the case of foreign devices is set life of the brand in the Russian market, the presence of official representatives and customer support services in the country. So you can be sure that when it detects a marriage, the owners of the apartment will be to turn to. For such battery system receives 1 point.

But if the apartment owners have got Chinese battery, a construction company, is likely to try to significantly reduce the cost of utilities. As a rule, Chinese radiators are much cheaper than Russian and European instruments, but the quality leaves much to be desired: they are famous for short-life and a weak heating of the premises. If the developer has purchased radiators in 2018, it is likely that their technical characteristics specified in the documents do not correspond to reality. The fact is that before the radiators did not check regulatory authorities and the manufacturer was able to write in the data sheet of the device you want. This use Chinese brands overstate heat indicators: battery, which should have been good warm air into the often poorly heated. mandatory verification (certification) heating appliances was introduced in 2019, so the probability of Fraud is gradually reduced to zero, but can not be 100% sure as Chinese radiators. Thus, in the Chinese system of heating devices receive zero points.

heat irradiation

This is perhaps one of the most important indicators of the radiators, which affects the comfort of the new apartment. In an amicable way, developers must install the equipment with a maximum heat output, but sometimes the desire to save is stronger.

Clarify the heat transfer rate can be in the data sheet of the device, which can be found on the website of the manufacturer or dealer, knowing the make and model. Normal rate of heat generated in aluminum radiators is 135-145 W / kg. For steel panel batteries optimum heat transfer at approximately the same level. A lower value indicates that the unit heats the room worse.

In general, it's not so bad, provided that the developer correctly calculated the volume of the radiator. Conventionally, for heating rooms 20 m² device 180 W with emissivity need sections 10, using the battery with the indicator 150 W must have 12 sections. If the developer has increased the size of the radiators with a low emissivity, put him 0.5 points. During normal radiators that emit a large amount of heat the air, it gets 1 point. For low and insufficient heat radiators - zero points.

Dimensions and weight

In calculating the number and volume of radiators for heating apartments, many designers take into account parameters such as the area of ​​glazing, Materials and construction walls. As a result, heat loss calculations and obtained premises in watts.

Approximately "estimate" radiators parameters can be based on the formula of 100 W per 1 m². Thus, on the basis of heat transfer for heating rooms 20 m² steel panel radiator need a width of 100 cm or aluminum unit 10 sections of the total width of 88 cm. And in this case, size does matter, because in it you can check the quality of a battery.

Take for example an aluminum radiator. Traditionally, their height is 50 cm, but can range from 30 cm to 2 m. This is normal. But width section should be standard - no less than 78 mm. If a ruler all converge, the radiator will bring into the "piggy bank" of heating systems of apartment 1 point. And if the section is less, the battery will heat the bad and earn a score of zero.

But that's not all. Another trick may lurk in the side radiator fins. In width must be equal to the section itself, and height - of at least 50% of its height. For example, a height of 50 cm the device in which the lamellae 25 cm in height and 78 mm in width - good option which is worthy of 1 point.

And the third option, which is worth checking out - the weight section. It is clear that to dismantle the radiator in a new apartment, for example, at the time of its acceptance from the developer and put on the scales - is not an option. This is not required, it is sufficient to find online technical characteristics of the battery. Normal weight aluminum instrument sections - 1200-1300, the Less weight says that probably saved the manufacturer on the material, the battery may be bad for warming the room and not wait points.

As a result of normal size and weight of the section corresponding to the lamella heating apartments will receive 3 points.

Appearance

If all other items have stood the test battery, proceed to the final stage - the evaluation of appearance. Remember streaks and blobs of paint on the cast-iron batteries from childhood - in the world today, it is unacceptable and talks about the poor quality of the device.

In fairness it should be noted that paint a frank marriage today is rare. But the chips and cracks - the usual story. builders often spoil the original high-quality batteries. At best, they appear scratches and other building materials, but there are more serious problems. For example, in our practice was a situation where the developer has set the battery to the house glazing. It was autumn, the night temperature dropped below freezing, the water in the radiator was cold, and the pressure increased, which led to the appearance of cracks between sections. As a result, instruments began to leak.

Of course, similar problems developers decide before putting the house in operation, replace batteries, but does not It would be wise to check devices for cracks, scratches and chips, which in the future may become the foci Corrosion.

For the slightest chipping heating system receives a score of zero for the ideal state - 1 point.

tubes

Finally it is worth to check the heating pipes.

In apartment buildings with stoyakovoy system (when the pipe through which water is pumped to the radiators, extends downward through all apartments) usually installed metal pipes. This is a good option, and they will last 10-20 years. Put 1 point for the metal.

In houses with heating door-wiring (when water is supplied to the radiators through a pipe included in the total collector flat on the floor) pipes are often hidden in the floor. Therefore, the best option of the material - crosslinked polyethyleneMore flexible in comparison with the metal, that allows to hide under the layer of concrete pipe without problems. For this option heating system also receives 1 point.

But if the apartment, regardless of the type of wiring used in polypropylene pipes, the developer obviously wanted to save. Polypropylene is cheaper to purchase other materials, but maintains the coolant temperature of 70 ° C. Whereas severe frosts in heating water can be heated to 90 ° C. Under such conditions, wear rapidly polypropylene tubes.

Besides, polypropylene very large coefficient of linear expansion. Simply put, if the pipes are properly installed, it will begin to flex and bend. Thus, for polypropylene pipe heating system only receives a score of zero.

Total

As a result, the maximum rating that can dial a new heating system in the apartment - 9 points. Smaller result, even for a couple of points, gives reason to believe that the apartment in the winter can be cold.

What happens next depends on whether, at what stage are having problems. The shortcomings of the heating system identified during the acceptance of the apartment, it is necessary to specify the developer representatives and not to sign the documents until the issues are resolved. If the owners learned about the shortcomings within a few years after receiving the keys, you can also refer to the the developer, but honestly, without any concrete leaks or weak heating it is unlikely to make any measures. As they say, no body, no case. Therefore, the only option in this case - the independent replacement of radiators and pipes.