Production of paving slabs in the home with their own hands

People more like paving slabs, not asphalt. They want to see her and near her house, too. Owners of private houses are independent and do not rely on others in this way, and do it all yourself. For reasons of economy, they can be engaged in manufacturing of paving slabs in the home.

Paving slabs called, in fact, the paving stones. Historically, in the cities of the coating drove the asphalt, which takes a much more even shape. Modern pavement tile is normal, the process material with a beautiful, more a status view, it also has a smaller thickness. While trying to preserve the historic cobblestones and replace the new paved areas, invent variety of material for future streets. Masters Paving slab laying do not make super efforts while working with it, but in the end there is another beautiful location.

Advantages and disadvantages of paving slabs

A feature and advantage of the material simultaneously acts appearance. Paving stones transform the roadway and sidewalks on the streets and around the individual buildings, gathering simple and unique compositions.

Variability of the application, the second important advantage, leaving passages for all occasions. Lay the paving on any surface, nearly anywhere, with any form. The foundation under it is not poured, and thus finishing can be taken apart for work with a hollow in the ground, and then put back without any damage. Especially, if to act carefully. In which case the tiles even transferred to a different location.

Physical characteristics, too, will please the consumer. Material well tolerate blows, and in terms of frost can withstand up to 300 cycles of freezing and thawing, for example vibropressed fixings. Under conditions of heavy rainfall will last up to 10 years less resistant molded tiles.

Minor drawbacks:

• sags under heavy objects;
• It is more expensive alternatives;
• low-quality products highly absorbent and easy to break.

Features of production at home

paving stone manufacturing technology can be simple or complex. Equipment prices and the level of costs allow at least think about the production vibrocasting tiles at home. To accommodate the "mini-production" is selected adjacent to the home territory.

time costs will be high, despite the fact that manually, it is not necessary to do essentially nothing. At the same time there needs to buy all at once, as is the case with factory products. The load on the maintenance budget will be negligible, because the process will extend for at least 2 months, and it was increased to four, if desired.

Among the manufacturing processes necessary to allocate vibrocast, block-making and application forms for pouring. As already mentioned, the first approach is better for the rest of the home environment, especially if the owner does not want the product had a makeshift look. Just in case there is an option with the imitation of stone blocks on the stamps have not yet hardened concrete surface.

In the beginning, should consider about the budget to domestic manufacturing was not a waste of time!

The choice of form for the manufacture of tiles

Use plastic, polyurethane, silicone, wood, metal and other templates. Apart from the material, molds and the opportunities that they provide, we should define the configuration of the finished products. You can not hurry to choose the form of tiles. At the same time, if the desire to create extraordinary pictures is not enough hexagons, polygons with curves and undulating tile and brick shapes. The first thing you need to consider the layout in the area, to the smallest details.

Molds are permanent, semi-permanent and one-off. The first type is used for a large number of outflow background pavers. Semi-permanent make of heat-resistant materials. One-off after the first use significantly deformed and are not suitable for laying large compositions. Polyurethane and silicone materials have become popular for producing in the home. Shapes of them may last for a long time, and the quality of the tiles will be at a decent level.

The shape of the polyurethane compound

Polyurethane form suitable for art casting method for manual priming. In addition, for machinery and conveyor ways to use it, too. Patterns of polyurethane compounds have a high adhesion to most materials. At the same time, so that the product not stick, use release agents. Polyurethane compounds have a low viscosity, which contributes to filling the entire volume, including the smallest gaps. They are "not afraid" of moisture and temperature extremes. Electrical, physical and mechanical properties are also on a high level. Curing paving slabs in polyurethane forms occurs practically without shrinkage. Low viscosity cold-curing compounds - the best option for polyurethane blocks, but also suitable for manufacturing molds for curing at a temperature of about 50 ° C.

silicone matrix

The advantages of this type of containers:

• elasticity;
• durability;
• They do not crack;
• do not dry up.

Silicone matrix is ​​justified to apply just the same for individual preparation in business needs. The elasticity and flexibility of these templates to accurately simulate the texture and relief of lumber, stone and even the leaves of plants. As well as polyurethane, silicone matrix used for the manufacture of decorative and simple functional tiles. Do not buy the overall blocks of several elements under the fill. If you do not limit ourselves to conventional matrices and cellular medium size, then it is necessary to solve the problem with deformed edges in the product at the edges of the block. Factory silicone templates are relatively expensive, so it makes sense to do forms for about 30 tiles. In the course of the containers should be cleaned from grease stains and disinfect, but at the same time - also use a lubricant.

tile manufacturing technology

The individual production to vibrocasting technology resorted more often. Vibro method is inferior in reliability of finished products, but you can create texture, textured patterns, bright colors and complex shapes. Among the advantages of the technology say economical consumption of plasticizer compared to pouring into the mold, the price range is relatively easy technical specifications for manufacturing. The essence of the process lies in carrying out the oscillating pulses through the solution form.

Block-making makes the tile is much denser. After the procedure finishes on properties close to the artificial stone. Vibro-pressed paving stones used in the parks, paths, sidewalks, in parking areas, where sometimes drives heavy machinery. Products are paving stones in the classic sense of the word, in fact have more compact dimensions with a large thickness. During the manufacturing process the mixture is subjected to shocks of the press. The surface material obtained by rough and pale color.

The necessary equipment and tools

It needs, firstly, the cement mixer. Enough small version, and the equipment can be borrowed or rented. The volume of the tank is to contain and mix all the ingredients of the mixture so that not even the smallest lumps formed. The composition then compacted in the shape and quality of the equipment purchased vibrating table. Indicators for tiles strength, moisture resistance and weatherability during processing to increase by 30%. The table will have to do yourself, because its cost would be unreasonably high. You have to buy the molds for the tiles to find buckets and basins. Molds better to buy a plastic or silicone. Homemade lumber also work. For convenience, items should be put on the shelves. Can not do well without dimensional containers for dosing of pigments and a plasticizer. In addition, required kitchen scales.

The choice of materials for solution preparation

You need to select:

1. Cement;
2. Filler;
3. plasticizer;
4. Dye.;
5. Grease.

It begins, of course, with the cement of choice. Mainly used Portland cement, with or without additives. White version of finishing works best, since it is possible to make the shades while still more. The filler is selected small and large. From the first component depends frost resistance, and the second - strength. Plasticizer is added to water to make it and the other components miscible good working characteristics, durability, flexibility frosts condensate resistance and resistance to high temperatures. The dyes used in the mixing stage, or finished product. Used, including natural and synthetic, for the coloring and texture of Education. Buy grease to make it easier to get the tile form. Good composition will not spoil any pattern or paving itself.

Cement

Quality paving slabs regulates GOST 17608-91, on which we should focus. The regulations in question required a frost. In this sense, the quality of cement plays a lesser role than the total composition and proportion. Suitable modification M500 from the group of Portland cements. It has more durability, and grasped the material before M400 mixture and lower on the scale. The brand M500 are mineral supplements that contain up to 20%. There are also completely free of inclusions embodiments of this raw material. Among modifications worth mentioning HRC II / A-500 W with mineral additives and PC I-500 - net. Paving tile from the second type of cement can withstand pressures of up to 500 kg / m². Ordinary gray Portland cement is made from gypsum and clinker malozhelezistogo. To create colored tiles best suited white cement M500, however, difficult to work with him.

Filling Mortar

Fillers are divided into major and minor. The first group includes gravel, pebbles and gravel, and the second - gravel, slag, stone chips.

Small additions considered grain diameter of from 0.16 to 5 mm, which cover the gaps, as their values. Grain size control with a sieve. The obtained fraction of fines no greater than 5% and then dispensed into granulometric module. Among them, should not be present clay and organic matter, because it will suffer from frost.

The slurries are also used large fraction of more than 5 mm, gravel, pebbles and gravel. crushed stone elements have irregular shapes and rough coating. Pebbles and gravel smoother, but the rubble because of its is inorganic has better strength values ​​and better suited for thin tiles. The pebbles and gravels also larger impurities.

softener

Are classified depending on the basics:

• TOTM, trioctyltrimellitate;
• DUO 1 / DUO 2 complex plasticizers;
• 3G8, TEG dioktiat;
• DOA, dioctyl adipate;
• DINP, diisononyl;
• GPO, diethylhexylphthalate;
• DOP, dioctylphthalate.

DOA - better than others in terms of hardness and rigidity, retains good flexibility at low temperatures. Plasticizer 3G8 for the last parameter holds the first place. He also serves as a long time and has decent performance. DUO 1 has excellent performance of flexibility in the cold, the maximum temperature before failure, and also in terms of durability and the same operating characteristics. Virtually identical to the modification 1 superplasticizer DUO DUO 2, with the only difference that flexibility at low temperatures it is low, but instead - better resistance condensate. First place in the general unconditionally give plasticizer TOTM. He is the best in all indicators, which superplasticizer DUO2 mark as good. DINP generally considered one of the weakest of options, but it has high resistance to condensation. GPO and DOP are inferior in the sense that for any of the parameters can not be called quality.

Dye

As initial coloring elements used sulfides, soot, salts and oxides of chromium, iron and titanium. Furthermore, using zinc powder, nickel, aluminum, copper and its alloys. Decorativeness in terms of hue and texture is attached pigments in solution. Also achieve a similar result by acid etching. For example, marble effects, diabase, granite, serpentine or aged appearance. Paints for concrete and concrete paving slabs are natural, synthetic and metal. Materials produced from minerals and rocks as a result of grinding, thermal and enrichment. Synthetic called complex compounds obtained as a result of technological and chemical processes with high precision calculations. For external staining chosen alkyd, polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic, rubber and paint.

For dyeing finished articles are also used enamel primer and enamel with inclusions in the form granotseva, corundum, quartz sand.

Mold release agents

Good lubrication does not spoil the shape and color, it is not breathable, its composition is suitable for dilution with water, applying a thin layer. The dried tiles easily removed from the forms processed lubricant solution to the above characteristics. Templates thus should not be spoiled.

Lubrication CSF-1 has a uniform composition and is soluble in cold and hot water. It is used for metal and plastic molds. At Crystal lubricant mineral oils are the basis. It is applied with a brush or spray. In Nomentana has anti-corrosion properties. Want to save to buy a lubricant Agate. For formwork used concentrated adhesive compositions, including silicone-based. Another budget option, Emulsol has a mineral base. Some of the mixtures - concentrated, they are diluted with water.

Proportion, structure and rules for the preparation of the solution

As a rule, use the following tools:

• cement;
• sand;
• water;
• plasticizer;
• rubble.

Optionally pigments and added dispersant.

Since the tiles for a private allotment, it makes sense to paint, you should adhere to, or at least focus on the proportion of which is 57% gravel, 23% cement and 20% sand. The plasticizer is added in an amount of 0.5% by weight of cement. All the dry components of 40% diluted with water. With regard to the pigments and dispersants on them is removed 700 ml / m² and 90 g / m² respectively.

Composition of the solution for water will not interfere examined for inclusions content in excess quantities that affect performance. Drinking water suitable for preparing the mixture. Before applying the mixed solution, as its components gradually stratified. Ready solution can not also be used if it is partially seized. At a temperature of +30 ° C and higher humidity below 50% into the mixture was added water-retaining particles, lime or clay.

Tinting tiles at home

Products dyed superficially or at the time of manufacture. Top paint is applied like alkyd and polyurethane. In the second case, the mixture was added oxide and chromium dioxide, iron or titanium. Consumers offer to buy fluorescent pigments that accumulate during the day light and at night emit light. They are used for tinting and surface stains. Impart color in the home can also be by acid etching. Active substances in the reaction with the concrete cover provide nonhomogeneous shades of any color. Curly decorate parts including mixtures of paints and primers. Then the solution was added concentrated substance on one tenth of the volume, and the remaining 90% are filled by primer latex paint. The color lasts a long time, and finish the strength to grow.

How to dry the tile

First, create a condition to quickly move made paving stones. Later tiles are made. In place of the drying must not be moisture or cold.

When it seems that the tile is already dry, it still can not be removed from the mold. Approximately another 30% of the elapsed time required for the material has dried up in the places of contact with the template. Strongly adhering the edge point to the likely damage to the tiles in the future. For qualitative drying temperature sufficient to +10 ° C, and the optimum is at +20 ° C. The room is chosen with heating, which is several times reduces the risk of faults due to poor drying. Method of heat treatment also improves the characteristics of the products. Then put the tile in the curing chamber. The temperature therein is about +50 ° C, and the drying efficiency is increased while humidity in the 95-97%.

Ideas manufacturing of paving slab with his own hands

One of the basic ideas is considered a pattern of rhombic elements 2 different colors. Problems with the arrangement of fragments in this method do not occur.

In simple cottages can be seen tiling fragments with large distances between each other, filled with a composite material. Produce tiles for this application will not be difficult, because you can use any molds.

Someone buys a geometrically regular patterns with chaotic lines inside. Plan area will be easy if the form template will be closer to a square or rectangle short.

Products under cut down a tree and small random elements will be spectacular already listed. The first to equip a colorful atmosphere in the spirit of nature. Chaotic bruschatye fragments of the stencil will remind interesting parched surface at the correct arrangement.

Tile "Wooden saw cut" in the form of silicone

Concrete tile "cut a tree" simulates the cut trunk segment. Apply it in particular wooden houses, as well as for laying tracks across the lawn.

To preserve the rich color of the tile-simulation, it should be painted with concentrated dyes and in addition - to achieve high strength for most finishes. Form should be attached to the silicone template. Make it to the contours of the slice with the addition of a relief on the internal faces at its discretion. The lower layer would be the annual rings, and the main take the form sides. The first layer is made of sand and cement with the addition of water with a plasticizer. His gently triturated with a spatula until an even layer thickness of ideally 0.5 centimeters. Due to the non-compliance of this technology in the "annual rings" will appear spots. If pigments from different parts of the product will fall over the edge, they are colored by hand.

Production of tiles using a stencil

A simple device in the form of honeycomb grid material to give an interesting shape and desired thickness. With the lattice immediately spread large areas or go the other way and used for the gradual laying tile on the principle of mosaic. Place the pieces in sequence will be easier in the occupation if the stencil edges have the correct form.

Make a template of polyurethane, silicone, plastic and so on. Silicone is used in order to create unusual paving. Sheet metal or wood get a good home-made stencil. Serial lattice enough for at least 200 cycles manufacture.

When nonuniform styling use with paving undulating shape. Its spread in the transition zones. Classics are made of flat elements. Modernistic style pass through round products.

Safety rules at work

The first step is to protect the moving parts of equipment, as well as install insulation for units that operate at high temperatures. Work is carried out mainly in the open air, but if you employ the premises, then equip ventilation. Inter alia, of the premises will have to remove toxic substances and dust. To make the technique used as a separate ventilation. Units, electric installation and grounded to prevent sparks, static electricity.

Technological actions should be carried out in overalls with additional means of protection for the face and body. Must work at a comfortable temperature, humidity, and subject to an acceptable sound pressure body.

If in manufacturing tiles attracted workers involved, it is necessary to make the project work area.

conclusion

Ennoble the territory around the house is unlikely to be a month or two. But during this time it is theoretically possible to have time to lay out the beautiful sidewalks, paths and ways for traffic. Rent small craftsmen technique available materials collected bring feed from nearby locations and create a tiled floor. What it would be an option, or simply the art, it depends upon the time spent. Until the early milestones to choose the form of tiles and patterns for its production. As for the manufacturing method, prefer mostly vibrocast, because it is easier, more convenient and easier. The physical characteristics of the products at the same time will only slightly inferior performance vibro tiles. In this selection of methods and materials does not end there. Remains an open question about the color. The mixture is either in the process of Kohler or stained tiles already frozen.