Availability of winter greenhouses, enables to grow vegetables, fruits, herbs, flowers and other crops throughout the year. In it, they are not afraid even severe frosts, as it is sealed and has a heating, which allows to maintain the desired temperature. Winter greenhouse own hands made of carefully thought-out project, which involves choosing the most suitable materials, heating, ventilation and lighting. Need to consider other issues, for example, choose a location where it will be located.
Features
First of all you should decide for what purpose it will be used. This design is suitable for the cultivation of traditional vegetable crops, mushrooms, flowers, etc. Often greenhouse greenhouses performs the function for exotic plants and fruits.
When its construction, it is necessary to take into account size. This is a must, because the winter greenhouses will have a heating system, and the greater will be its area, the more energy is required to maintain the desired temperature. In addition, its size depends on the number of cultures that you intend it to grow. Closely monitor and take to cover the choice for this facility. After all, ordinary film can not protect plants from snow and frost.
Types of winter greenhouses
One of the main factors affecting the reliability of the greenhouse, a well-chosen material. He should be chosen based on the following criteria:
- ease;
- strength;
- durability;
- reliability;
- objective value.
Due to their diversity, you can easily choose the most appropriate within the planned budget.
Winter greenhouses in form are as follows:
- arched, made of polycarbonate;
- uni-directional with an earthen embankment;
- gable provided with a glass roof and main walls.
To get a good harvest, even in winter, you should carefully approach the selection of the material and the heating system.
choose material
Since winter greenhouse should differ strength and integrity, it is generally used for a carcass wood or metal. Both of these materials are ideal for greenhouses and have numerous advantages.
Metal is more reliable, durable and strong. Giving him a choice, there is no doubt as greenhouses. In turn, the tree, it is better to process and does not get hot in the summer.
Attention:If you decide to use a tree, you should use a thick, durable racks. After all, they will not only keep the entire structure, but also snow that will be sure to meet on the roof.
In glass, a film or a polycarbonate may be used as the material for plating. If you chose the film, aware that her need to sheathe the frame in several layers. Only in this way can protect the plants inside the greenhouse from the winter cold.
Glass, despite all its advantages, has some disadvantages. In particular, the fragility of a decent weight and rather complicated installation.
The ideal material for greenhouses with heating, and it is recognized by many of the owners, is a polycarbonate. It is characterized by low weight, ease of installation and excellent light transmission. Winter hothouses of polycarbonate, can be seen in this photo.
The key factor for a good harvest is to choose the right heating system. After all, it only allows you to heat the greenhouse and maintain the desired temperature therein. And for this, you should decide what is heating in the winter in the greenhouse, the most appropriate.
The choice of heating system
To choose the right heating system for such a greenhouse, it is not so simple. Then you may need professional help, who knows how to build a greenhouse with an effective winter heating. Although, it is possible to cope with it on their own. There are many types of heating, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when choosing.
For heating is used:
- Biological heating. Heating of the greenhouse is due to the decomposition of the biologically active substances. The simplest of these is the manure. But with this method, it is possible to heat only a small area.
- The sun. This method is the cheapest and affordable, but it is unacceptable for the winter cold and is usually used if "soft" winter.
- Air heating. The method consists in heating the heating and ventilation systems. Warm air of them falls in the upper and middle part of the greenhouse.
- Electricity. Heating greenhouses in the winter in this way quite effectively. As the heaters can be used stoves, heaters, heat pumps, infrared radiation.
- Stove heating. It means installing the stove. With it, it is possible to maintain the desired temperature, even in extreme cold. The fuel can be wood, coal, or gas. In this case, the furnace wall will be heated, so plant the plant should not be near her.
- Gas heating. Heating a greenhouse, it means installing gas heaters. But keep in mind if you decide to heat the greenhouse gas, ensure good ventilation.
Choosing the heating system, it should be on an individual basis. It should take into account what kind of plants will be planted, the local climate and the planned budget for this purpose.
Taking into account that in our country quite frosty winters, consider options for heating, suitable for temperate and cold climates.
Temperate climate
If the normal winter temperature is - 20 degrees Celsius, an ideal option is using electrical heating. For this purpose it is possible, for example, use infrared heaters or heat pumps, installing them in the greenhouse for the winter.
Attention:Using the first method and having suspended ceiling heaters, heat transfer can be achieved directly with soil and plants.
Warm air will not grow. In addition, this method of heating is available to everyone, as the price is reasonable infrared heaters. But there is a drawback - adjusted electricity consumption is problematic.
Heat pumps are proven. energy costs are low during their operation, and they can maintain the temperature, even in extreme cold. Their price is quite objective and is about 20 thousand rubles.
The cold climate
If winter frosts reaching the mark - 40 degrees, to heat greenhouses should be approached very carefully. If possible, install winter greenhouse next to the house, having water heating. During the construction of greenhouses, you need to put into the soil composition pipe connected to the return line of the heating system of the house.
Attention:It is possible to install a gas boiler of small capacity directly in the greenhouse. Pipe, as in the previous embodiment shall be laid in the ground.
Such a heating system, makes completely autonomous and greenhouse plants, it will not be afraid of even severe frost. For flue gases, the chimney must be used. The combustion air is taken from outside. Despite its effectiveness, we have the system and the negative - a significant cost.
If there is no possibility to heat the greenhouse gas, it is possible to install a solid-boiler is further placed on the perimeter registers or convectors.
Recommended get acquainted with the ways of heating greenhouses with his own hands.
Output
If the choice of material and type of heating winter greenhouses is correct, there is no fear of being in her plants. They will not be affected even in the dead of winter. The main thing is to achieve a good sealing and regular opportunities to maintain the desired temperature. Winter greenhouses with their own hands, if you approach them correctly erection, nothing will not yield the same structure, created by professionals. They will be sealed, warm, well-lit and has enabled the harvest year round.
