Suburban low-rise buildings now occupied a significant share of the construction market. Use a variety of materials such as bricks, various blocks, but the tree, however, it remains one of the most popular. To the house was comfortable, it is necessary to qualitatively warm all year round. One such material is polystyrene, characterized by its practicality and reliability. Warming of the wooden house with polystyrene will ensure effective thermal insulation of the structure. Thereby heating costs will be significantly reduced.
types of styrofoam
This material is a gas-filled polymer. Through technology, insulation comprises a low percentage of water, and the main part consists of expanded polystyrene with additives. It is this structure gives it a high performance, capable of retaining heat and sound.
Depending on the method of manufacturing polystyrene foam can be of several types. On this depends the price, the density and the usefulness of a particular area.
- Bespressovy - it consists of granules that are repeatedly exposed to drying and foaming. Characterized brittleness and high water absorption levels.
- The press - has a low heat transfer coefficient. Due to the more compact structure is obtained granules and closed. Additional work in the production of extruded polystyrene increase the cost.
- Autoclave - production involves the use of an autoclave, so this kind of material found on the construction materials market is rare. Using autoclaved foamed polystyrene for thermal insulation of a wooden house is inappropriate.
- Extrusion - domestic use polymeric material (film, wrapping, packaging). Not intended as a heater.
- Extruded - ideal for thermal insulation of a wooden house. It represents bespressovy penopolistirolol, but in the production technology used extruder. The pores are closed the maximum insulation, have a small size. These indicators provide high thermal insulation properties. Extruded polystyrene is the most common and affordable type of insulation in the building materials market.
Especially polystyrene insulation wooden house
Expanded polystyrene is lightweight, strong sheets of different thicknesses. Thanks to an integrated microstructure, it is stable to mechanical stress, external natural factors.
There are two ways of installation of insulation, depending on the attachment points:
- Internal insulation - suggests installation of expanded polystyrene on the inner part of the walls of the house. This method has many disadvantages, one of which is a moisture absorption material not passing the water vapor through it. Thus, the heat in the house will not pass from inside to the timber wall, and the counter air flow will impact and cold outside through the wall. In this case, the dew point will move into the house that will lead to condensation between the wall and insulation, and eventually rot the wood. This phenomenon causes the formation of mold, fungus and insects emergence.
- External insulation - the so-called ventilated facade. The advantage is the use of waterproofing and the possibility of insulant ventilated. External device higher in value than the insulation inside the house.
Warming of the wooden floor in the house of polystyrene is between the wooden beams lag. This prevents the entry of cold air from the land, as well as to stabilize the temperature of the floors, preventing warm air rises from below through the ceiling and floor of the heated upper oversaturate floor. Also effective insulation slabs, if the premises are not used at the top and are not heated during the cold season.
Pros and cons of expanded polystyrene
It should be understood that the material used for the manufacture of styrene, which is incidental working off the petroleum industry. Therefore, to say about him as a completely eco-friendly material it is impossible. Only industrial way, handicraft and home production of polystyrene plates impossible.
However, extruded polystyrene has a number of advantages:
- low cost compared with other heaters;
- high performance of thermal insulation due to a dense structure;
- low weight and good resistance to compression;
- It has excellent sound insulation properties;
- humidity resistance;
- wide range depending on their parameters: density, thickness, surface texture, end edges (straight or groove), the color palette;
- able to interact with various adhesives, lime, gypsum, cement, salt, bleach, water-based paint;
- not subject to decay (decomposition of the material in the ground may be more than 10 years);
- fire resistant (fire temperature exceeds 2 times index timber);
- durability (manufacturers guarantee period of 15 to 60 years of service);
- no need for special tools during cutting and installation.
The material is artificial, natural origin does not matter. It is composed of a variety of chemical additives, compounds which are usually not known to the consumer, so in addition to the advantages of expanded polystyrene has disadvantages:
- negatively reacts to ultraviolet light, which eventually is destroyed structures lost original characteristics;
- It reacts negatively to gasoline, fuel oil and various solvents;
- subject to destruction by termites and rodents;
- in case the combustion gas is produced, which at times dangerous carbon dioxide (it is fatal to humans).
Important! When heated polystyrene emits toxic vapors, therefore its use in baths, saunas and similar areas is prohibited.
How to isolate the heater
Exposure to the environment, moisture, temperature extremes, cold have an impact on any material. Special attention should be areas where access is closed. To protect the wooden walls and home designs with insulation polystyrene should be given to waterproofing and vapor barrier. For that purpose the rolled materials.
During warming waterproofing material must be fixed by the cold air (street, earth, concrete base). Vapor is set by the warm air flow (into the room). An alternative embodiment of the vapor barrier may be a plastic film used to cover garden greenhouses.
installation of styrofoam
Different technologies are used for thermal insulation of floors and walls with polystyrene foam in a wooden house, features and recommendations. Laying on the floor it is usually done on wooden joists. To do this, from the bottom to make the base. Use may be method 2 one of which is a mount boards or other material from the bottom lag as ground under the insulation.
The second option is to install rails on the left and right side of the log, which are subsequently assembled to the base insulation.
Before mounting a heater in the base is necessary to lay waterproofing, which will prevent the penetration of moisture from the ground or concrete (in the case of the foundation device as a monolithic slab). Further there is a stacking slabs of expanded polystyrene. Recommended mounting material in multiple layers (at least 150 mm in height 50 mm plates). The layers are to be installed so that the seams between pictures were overlapped the next layer. Principle staggered.
Necessarily need to leave a ventilation gap of about 20 mm between the upper edge and the joists heater. If polystyrene stood flush or higher, you will need throughout the area further raise the height using crates.
Stacked on top of the vapor barrier layer for preventing the penetration of steam from the heated house. Further it is possible to start mounting the subfloor where used floorboard, plywood or OSB.
How to strengthen the polystyrene to the wooden walls of the house
Warming of the wooden house facade is made of frame technology. It represents a frame structure, in which insulation is placed. All work is carried out in stages.
surface preparation
An important stage before the thermal insulation of a wooden house is to prepare the ground. The cause wood, which is very whimsical to many factors. Insulation of exposed old houses and new buildings. It is necessary that the surface is dry, the wood must be dried. If the house was painted, be sure to remove all the paint. The joints between the logs or timber should be well zakonopacheny. If you need additional zakonopachivanie, it definitely needs to be done before the insulation. It should also be repaired all the potholes and remove the remains of the presence of bark.
Once the surface is ready, it is processed antiseptic. The choice of the composition is a demanding exercise, because further contact polystyrene and wood will not be visible. It is necessary to create such conditions that the wall of the wooden house were not in conditions that put them rot and further destruction. It recommended prior to purchase to get acquainted with the instructions for use.
Install furring
For the installation of insulation needs a framework that securely holds the material does not allow him to slide down over time and allows the material to be aired. You only need to use kiln dried wood anyway after mounting bars can twist. Suffers polystyrene foam, are formed gaps (cold bridges) and can be broken finishing, facade material. Before installation, it is recommended to treat bars antifungal, antiseptic.
The bars are attached to the wooden walls on the screws vertically and horizontally. For this purpose, the joints and saw through the bars is a slot for the connection.
The distance between the bars should be less than the width of a heater of about 5 mm. This will allow expanded polystyrene tightly enter into place, eliminating any gaps. If the provided stacking multiple layers, the joints of the subsequent coat must overlap the previous stitches.
Wooden houses from a bar just warm, and log more difficult. The surface is not smooth, so its preparation should pay special attention. To eliminate potholes and small irregularities can use assembly foam or joint sealant.
Waterproofing and installation of expanded polystyrene
After the device batten stretches steam and mounted over it styrofoam slab. To consolidate the material, you can use special nails with large washer. In the future, it will not give sheets with time to move away from the wall.
Once fastened to the wooden wall of expanded polystyrene. Above the vapor barrier is laid in the form of diffuse membrane. One of the varieties of waterproofing material is IZOSPAN.
It is important to watch the vapor barrier is attached to the instructions for its use. Parties on the composition and purpose is different, so in order to fulfill its function of material to be installed in its correct side. Waterproofing is attached to the wall of a furniture stapler, and in the joints glued construction tape. The film is applied to overlap each other by about 10-15 cm.
How to stick to polystyrene wall
It is possible to mount a heater to the tree using a special adhesive or foam. Both options are costly, so compared with use becomes costly lathing. Better use of the adhesive composition, because it is produced in the same cylinders as foam, but has more access to the result.
Technology consists in preparing a base, removal of any covers, protrusions, hollows. Ideal for houses of timber and completely inappropriate for warming log homes. In the latter case the contact point of the material is small and the difference in logs will not make a flat surface.
Styrofoam is laid over the entire surface after applying an adhesive or foam. The problem lies in the further finishing, because a crate is clear mounting process. In the case of bonding can be plastered house, which is not ideal for wooden structures. The second embodiment may be additional structure in the form of frame structure under the facade device.
Finishing after warming
Due to the expanded polystyrene creates a "thermos", which keeps the heat inside and does not penetrate the cold air. This structure significantly reduces heat loss, saving on heating finances. The final step is to finish the facade.
For this purpose, wood products - wall paneling, imitation timber, block-house, as well as various sidings. Depending on the type of material and its otelochnogo method of fastening the second frame is constructed on top batten with a heater. On it there is mounting a finishing material.