Chimney - a major part of the heating system of a dwelling house, enables to remove carbon monoxide and combustion products. On its inner wall are deposited smoke components. During the formation of condensation is a chemical reaction during which creates acid that destroys the internal brick structure material or provoking the development of corrosion processes of the metallic flue elements.
Additionally, the pipe external factors - wind, seasonal temperature variation, different rainfall, flowing chimney. The resulting damage can become a cause reducing traction, lead to higher fuel consumption, the risk of poisoning in humans appears combustion, and as a result needs repairs of houses or industrial chimney.
damage to the chimney
Failures can occur for many reasons, the main among them are:
- Improper masonry smoke channels, causing condensation.
- Masonry made of bricks of low quality, collapsing in a short time.
- Damage to the mechanical nature of the pipe.
- Wear masonry naturally.
Check the condition of the chimney needed once a year, it is especially important before the heating season, it is unacceptable not to inspect the smoke channels more than 5 years. When these surveys are the causes and size of damage. The detected defects must be removed immediately to the thrust was normal.
clogged chimney
By reducing the thrust immediately need to check the tube for possible clogging, the cause may be a bird's nest, fallen chunks of concrete or brick. The passage may be clogged with soot.
The easiest way to inspect, went down into the smoke channel the weight (it will stop at the point blockage). The defect is easier to remove the drop weight. If this does not work, repair the chimney will have to disassemble it in the place of the blockage and remove it, then add up the wall again.
Receipt of vapor in the flue duct from the furnace - the reason is able to deliver a few troubles:
- Drastically reduce traction and the smell of burning will be in the room.
- Masonry absorbs moisture, which leads to further its destruction.
- On the stove and the chimney surface resinous black spots appear.
- It enhances the corrosion and provoking major failure of metal pipes.
Condensation appears for several reasons:
- Under the roof surface are present through the gap, it quickly cools the air. Condensate in these conditions always will be;
- There is no chimney insulation - plastered chimney or enclosed in a metal casing. Internal flue channels protect the glass wool or basalt fiber.
Blowing
Trouble can occur for two reasons:
- Not installed or broken vent above the chimney. The lack of need to immediately eliminate.
- Building or tall trees, around, creating a barrier that prevents the proper operation of the chimney. It is necessary to increase it by 0.5-1 m, which will withdraw from the area of wind backwater.
other causes
Very important smooth inner flue wall - the surface without unnecessary protrusions improves gas flow. With a large diameter flues in a private home, if they are more than needed for the furnace gas will slowly rise up, they gradually cooled and air moves even worse.
Headroom chimney - most vulnerable place that affect weather patterns. His integrity is very important for the quality of traction, for this reason it is important to immediately eliminate any faults. Perhaps even a new chimney will not be effective - there is smoke, the smoke goes bad, or even appears reverse thrust. This trouble is an error in the construction or masonry chimney.
It should be examined by a specialist, to find the cause of the trouble, and give an opinion, the best way to repair the chimneys of brick. It may require alteration of the entire structure.
Checking masonry and a small restoration
During visual inspection the tube determine the level of destruction of brick or detect any defects that can cause a reduction in traction. If cracks are detected, crumbling of the seams solution promazyvayut tube again.
Old solution is removed with their own hands, using a chisel. It is necessary to cut into the masonry not less than 2 cm, so you can free up space, which is filled with fresh solution.
A solution is prepared from 1 part portland cement, 2 and 7 share lime sand fraction. Suture moistened beforehand, this will enhance adhesion solution. Trowel promazyvayut damaged portion of the pipe, filling the voids. Good sealed seams obtained by using aluminum tube bent at an angle, its thickness should be the same as the width of the seam.
Detected trumpet cracks purified metal brush, and the dust is removed from them. Close up all cracks heat-resistant sealant, or simple clay mortar.
overhaul
If the inspection will be found seriously damaged, the tube should be restored until its complete dismantling. Brick is removed layer by layer using a hammer and chisel, no need to rush. Material is removed to the site, on which a number is undamaged. Disassembled brick down to the ground, a tube put in one brick masonry is necessary to constantly monitor the level.
Laying should be done so that the inner surface remains completely smooth, it will improve the flow of smoke. The upper part of the pipe should have a head part, which is made of a cement slurry, it protects the clutch from exposure to adverse weather conditions.
If fully enumerate chimney impossible to eliminate defects therein mounted sleeve - a ceramic or steel tube of the desired diameter. Smooth ceramic or metal surface will not delay the soot and improve traction. Before installing the sleeves need to pre-verify that the chimney is no foreign object. Sleeve is lowered to place the entire length of the chimney or individual parts, but to connect the individual sleeve elements need to disassemble the clutch.
Void between laying and the pipe string is filled with asbestos or other non-combustible heat-insulating material. At the end of the flue duct set top visor painted metal. Mounting of a circular sleeve improves fume increases the tightness of the flue duct, significantly reduces heat loss. This method is only acceptable for direct use chimney, the diameter of which does not change over the entire length.
Repair of industrial chimneys
Industrial chimneys service professionals who have a special permit to carry out work at height. This may -replacement worn or strengthening elements or parts of the structure.
Restoring tip pipe needs a temporary disconnection process equipment. Part of the work is acceptable to perform repair without interrupting the operating mode.
examination of chimneys
condition assessment of fume collection devices at industrial sites perform regularly. Given the nature and scope of the defect repair of pipe is divided into current and capital. Overhaul of the chimney boiler producing organization, which is composed of workers with the necessary certification.
Work on these facilities are made up of several operations:
- Restoration of the protective coating, the protection trunk flue corrosion.
- Elimination tube roll if it is above the permissible values.
- Replacement or full repair tensioners metal pipes.
- Restoration of masonry.
- Repair and reinforcement of headroom.
- Restoration or new masonry brick lining channels.
- Recovery of the blind area.
- Restoration and installation of concrete ebb.
The repair methods
After performing the examination chimney creating repair project. The most common defects:
- Mounting tension and clamping rings, it will remove cracks in the surface of the pipe.
- Cracks not more than 3 cm is cleaned of dust and dirt, then sealed with concrete mortar.
- Cracks greater than 3 cm pre-cleaned, broken bricks replaced.
- After elimination of the drawbacks szhimnye pull ring.
restoration of the foundation
If there was a basis industrial tube deformation, which causes the entire roll structure recovery methods include:
- Amplification soil around the structure via smolizatsii or cementation.
- The additional load on the basis of the part opposite the banked walls.
- Partial removal of the soil in front roll.
Industrial chimney, built of brick, sometimes, the need to eliminate small cracks, and sometimes - the restoration of the masonry. If the surface of formed horizontal or vertical cracks, the produce in the repair of sealing of cement mortar and plaster surface of the base. Details chimneys of metal through a short period of time need to be repaired. Shroud rings eventually tighten, as they eventually weaken and poorly perform their intended functions.
It is important to pay attention to the solution of the masonry. Over time it loses its characteristics and washed away by precipitation. To prevent destruction of the masonry, the joints need to cover up the empty high-strength plaster solution.
Restoration of reinforced concrete structures
Industrial pipes of RC products in individual cases to CHP reach 350 meters. Work on such constructions can only via a winch. In the framework of RC products laid metal reinforcements, it eventually corrode, at the same time destroyed the concrete. If damaged portion of the pipe to a depth of 3 cm, its obscure 2-3 layers of the metal grid.
Industrial pipe RC product inside is reduced, bark and obscuring thereafter detected crack. Large surface damage tubes require a full plastering surface. Industrial pipes after repair stained using organosilicate paint. This material does not tarnish with time, it can be used to protect metal surfaces.
Restoration of industrial pipes of metal
The main work in the repair of damaged industrial chimneys are surface preparation and painting. Sometimes it is necessary to replace the bracket or other components of the flue. In the step of preparation of an old paint layer was peeled off.
With a spatula and removed from the metal brushes 10 to 30% of the old coating. There are requirements to clean 100% of the surface. This can be achieved using a special acidic solution. It is applied to the tube and after three minutes old paint layer was carefully removed. Areas where corrosion is detected, treated with drugs stopping these processes. Painted surface must be pre-applied after priming, after waiting before painting 2 hour.
Whatever the quality was not the chimney, with the time it is destroyed. If the first signs of problems, such as cracking or crumbling masonry solution required immediately to repair or industrial chimney were detected. Without svofevremennogo repairs will the final destruction of the pipe, and the need to restore it.
