The popularity of the use of gas heating boilers due to a number of advantages of natural gas over other fuels. But the gas, facilitating the solution of heating problems is the fuel of increased danger, therefore, the requirements of control Services to ensure safety of operation of gas-fired boilers, as well as any other equipment on the gas, and increased.
Chimney - an essential element of the design of any heating unit, whose operating principle is based on the combustion of fuel. Gas boiler - is no exception. In combustion gas formed is not familiar to the eye visible smoke and carbon monoxide - lethal to humans compound is colorless and odorless, requiring direct and complete withdrawal outwardly that performs a chimney pipe for a gas boiler - a separate structure or an integral part of the overall fume removal system of housing.
General requirements for the flue gas boilers
- complete sealing of the chimney channel all along;
- that sufficient thrust for the full retraction of the boiler the combustion products;
- fire resistance and chemical resistance performance of the inner surface of the material;
- high temperature resistance;
- equipment of each individual boiler chimney;
- smoke during its passage on should not have more than 3 turns, and ovals are performed in the configuration with a radius of curvature not less than the diameter of the outlet pipe;
- vertical chimney must be at least 5 m in height - minimum value, and providing the desired vacuum rod;
- the diameter of the chimney pipe to the gas boiler shall not be smaller than the size of the heater output channel;
- unacceptability chimney connection to the ventilation channels;
- compliance with regulations:
When the device of the chimney must also consider the dependence of its parameters on the power of the gas boiler as set out in the regulations, but is more clearly presented in the table:
Variants of the chimneys for gas boilers
At the place of chimneys devices are divided into:
- interior;
- exterior.
These types of devices are flues, the main design of which is located vertically.
An independent view of the chimney is coaxial pipe, in which the combustion products and air from outside in the channel move towards each other.
Both types of chimneys are arranged in view of requirements of the above regulations documents, but have individual design features, advantages and causing limitations.
domestic chimneys
Chimney mounted within a limited outer contour of the building walls, called internal.
The outer walls of the chimney pipe to the gas boiler is not adversely affected by the external environment (Temperature changes, rainfall, ultraviolet light, wind, biological factor), however the structure is durable.
Furthermore, during movement of hot combustion products into the air channel of heat transfer through the flue wall of the housing continues - side surface of the chimney is an additional source of heat, so the efficiency of such heating systems above, especially a 2-storey homes.
However, such an arrangement of the chimney there are also disadvantages:
- in the case of carbon dioxide leaking chimney depressurization will happen in one of the rooms;
- dangerous overheating of the surface of the channel of fire;
- places the chimney passing through the slab need in the insulation;
- mine or flue pipe in the premises occupied certain areas and volumes, so their presence is necessary factor to consider when moving furniture and choice of finishing materials.
If the internal chimney arranged during the construction of the house, the problems with its construction does not occur - project contains everything you need to perform, including the manufacturing technology of the individual under it foundation. If the decision on the construction of the chimney of this design is already built home, it is associated with the device significant expenditures of time and money, since the execution of the openings required in the plates overlap, and it is - existing damage finish.
exterior chimneys
Chimney, adjoined to the wall of the house or farmed out through the side wall, is called the outer.
Advantages of this arrangement:
- ease of construction - the possibility of installation in inhabited house without sacrificing finish;
- efficiency;
- ease of maintenance and repair;
- Safety - depressurization not face poisoning.
Disadvantages chimneys outdoor location:
- insulation need - to prevent condensation on the inside wall surface;
- adverse effects of environmental factors;
- minimal value efficiency - the impossibility to use the side surface as an additional heat source.
Summary table of characteristics chimney internal and remote location:
coaxial chimney
These devices are very popular in equipping the boiler flue gas from the closed combustion chamber. Coaxial chimney - a double pipe in which the two processes occur simultaneously - the outside air intake in a closed type combustion chamber and withdrawing from the inside to outside of combustion products. Coaxial pipe can be used as wall-mounted boilers, and at the chimney device for floor heating units. Location channel may be internal or external, orientation - vertical or horizontal.
Installation is to perform the desired diameter of the through hole in the outer wall, slab or roof slab made by pre-partitioning, installing therein the pipe and filling the gaps thermal and moisture resistant sealant.
Types Chimneys on materials manufacturing
Flue pipe for a gas boiler made from the following materials:
- brick;
- ceramics;
- steel;
- combination of materials.
Chimney made of bricks
The ideal cross-section of the pipe through which the smoke passes with the greatest speed, is a circle and spread chimney of circular cross section of brick irrationally. In addition, the refractory brick is needed, but it does not protect the channel walls from soot fouling and destruction due to exposure to condensing acid gas components of the combustion products. Therefore, the spread of brick chimneys for heating boilers for solid fuel, or furnace made of identical material.
Different time consuming process, and the need careful selection of refractory bricks and a binder with a heat-resistant characteristics.
The construction begins with the individual device durable foundation within the outline of a building without a rigid connection with the load-bearing walls and floor slabs. Do the job on their own, without having skills in masonry ovens are not appropriate, but the knowledge of technology will help monitor the work of artist professional.
One of the conditions to ensure sufficient traction - the necessary quantity elevation tip tube over the ridge depending on the location. The scheme demonstrates this better description.
But the presence of thrust, however, does not completely eliminate the factor of the damaging effects on the brick smoke, its acid-forming constituents and condensate.
Eliminate the influence of these factors can be by mounting the chimney of a steel pipe and its propped firebrick. An ideal variant channel material - stainless steel, is resistant to aggressive chemicals and moisture.
Based on the use of bricks nuances when flue device, its application to the heating equipment through the gas boiler is not justified.
Chimney of ceramic tubes
Fume collection tube of ceramics is fabricated. The outer casing - a supporting frame, lined of light concrete. Inside it is a ceramic pipe. The space between the inner and outer layers is filled with a special thermal insulating material.
Ceramic chimney assembled from individual elements 20-60 cm in length having a shaped coupling bell at one end during assembly for sealing joints treated with acid adhesive composition.
Channel ceramic insulated from outside and thermally insulated obkladyvaetsya lightweight aggregate blocks or hollow refractory bricks in cement mortar. The slots in the blocks contribute heater venting temperature and neutralized expansion ceramics. Design and profile blocks may be different - depending on the diameter of the chimney and the number of ceramic tubes in the channel.
It offers complete sets of ceramic chimneys, including all the necessary accessories for easy installation and producers have a guaranteed service life of 30 years or more.
Installation of ceramic chimney
Ceramic chimneys rarely mounted outside since the outer execution require additional reinforcing cladding of bricks or blocks.
The apparatus begins with determining the output channel in the roof space. Then plummet is projected this place down, remove the soft soil, ground plan, mark the foundation of crushed stone path and make podsypku.
Foundation
If the substrate under the chimney - house foundation (design - theft) or with reinforcing concrete floor, the channel assembly is carried out on it, after performing the waterproofing area.
Dimensions of the foundation and in terms of its depth depends on soil properties and parameters of the chimney - sectional contour and weight (the number of storeys of the building).
Important! Foundation under the chimney is constructed independent, it must not have ties to the building foundation.
On marked on the ground contour formwork set, then made reinforcement - fit mesh reinforcement variable profile 10-12 mm in diameter, connected to a cell binding wire 10x10 or 12x12 cm.
Fundam poured concrete, grade M-200. One week after laying it will score 70% strength, and can proceed to the masonry chimney by performing the waterproofing pad under it (roofing, bitulin).
Mounting blocks
Laying ceramic elements made in accordance with the design of mounting connections, joints elements before setting refractory composition is applied, which not only rigidly fixes the connection after curing, but also seals him. Styling composition convenient to mounting a syringe, for lack - a trowel. Surplus protrusions after installation mixture immediately overwritten piece of foam flush junction - of leaked or protuberances should not be.
Important! "Animates" cooked, but curing composition by addition of water and stirring forbidden - a significant portion of the adhesive strength will be lost.
Laying the supporting frame is performed depending on the design of concrete or brick blocks that are produced as one piece with the mounting hole in the cross section, and detachable as placed around pipe.
In the lower tier first module should be positioned with a device for collecting and draining of condensate. For this purpose, concrete or brick block grinder executed slot for bringing out the vent pipe. Is applied to the base solution, the product assembly area is wetted and the block is laid in place, whereafter the same is set in cement mortar ceramic module with a vent pipe.
A vertically mounted areas controlled by the building level. When masonry walls must also provide space inspection openings and arrangement connecting the output gas tube boiler to mount these elements on the respective adjustment portions with the desired orientation.
Laying insulation is produced around the pipe by inserting it from above in the solution unit mounted on a pre-fit dimensions.
Important! The horizontal joints of ceramic modules and hollow concrete blocks supporting frame during the passage through the slab overlap should not be located in its plane - through the slab must pass a one-piece element, equipped on the perimeter in contact with a heat-resistant elastic seal it, neutralizing possible strain.
To enhance the strength of the external supporting frame are provided in the blocks through holes - armirovochnye channels in the manufacture of masonry should be combined. In these holes steel reinforcement pieces variable profile are inserted prior to curing of the solution so that the joints between the rods themselves were in the middle of the block and not on the seam. The diameter of the reinforcement is chosen such that a channel armirovochnom rod after installation space remains for filling it with liquid cement mortar. Valve straightened and cut into pieces, enabling a seal between the unit 2-3.
External joints between blocks or bricks supporting frame and carefully triturated and excess solution is removed prior to curing, so that later it was not necessary to knock on the channel for their removal.
The cross section of the ceramic chimney for gas boilers with sealed combustion chamber is somewhat different - in units of the supporting frame has a separate channel for Incoming air to the burners, which is the same as armirovochnye holes, you need to carefully combine the installation, but the masonry construction technology is identical to that described above.
Top of pipe required settling protective head part which prevents ingress of moisture and foreign objects chimney. It depends on the shape of tip aerodynamics of the gas outlet, so it is best to install an article of manufacture, rather than experimenting with homemade crowns.
Finishing of the outer surface of the chimney smokers is performed depending on the housing's interior, most practical facing tiles with appropriate temperature characteristics.
Advantages of ceramic chimney:
- the inner surface of ceramic tube coated with a layer of heat-resistant glaze which, unlike bricks, is not conducive to the soot sedimentation - one of the conditions for good traction;
- waterproof glaze, which eliminates the absorption and destruction of the condensate pipe wall when it freezes - condensing the compositions flow down in a special sump that ensures strength of the hull chimney;
- low intensity black layers - on the smooth surface almost no soot is deposited, and a large part of it is emitted along with the smoke;
- easy maintenance - smooth with glazed walls soot is removed much more easily than with a brick;
- Flameproof - even in the presence of a tube of a soot ignition will take place without its consequences, since ceramics heat-resistant and has a low thermal conductivity;
- resistance to chemicals - ceramic not interact with the acids formed during condensation and combustion gases on the walls of the tube;
- durability;
- ease of processing - ceramic chimney elements do not require a special tool.
Channel disadvantages of ceramics:
- considerable weight of the structure;
- the need for the construction of the foundation;
- high price;
- the need for a precise fit skills.
Ceramic chimney in steel
This design is more perfect, manufactured in Germany variant of the previous device. The inner portion is made of ceramic, and the outer shell - steel elements a length of 60-100 cm, collected into a coherent structure by means of special fasteners crimp. Installation is simple and be positioned anywhere, including the installation inside the wall - it is made of rectangular cross-section of the system.
When a plurality of ceramic chimney advantages in steel covering this material has a significant disadvantage - the high price, which prevents the growth of its popularity when used in everyday life.
steel chimneys
For the manufacture of such channels is used or stainless steel the thickness of 0.5-0.8 mm. The advantages of stainless steel in this case are obvious - the durability caused resistance to acid generated upon contact of nitrogen and sulfur constituents of smoke condensate.
The degree of esthetic performance depends on the structure of status - Cottages channels equipped with stainless steel or enamel surface with a color, fixed to the walls with a decorative performance designs, cottages can be equipped with aluminum powder painted pipes out of the ordinary become.
Chimney pipe systems are mainly located outside the housing, fastened to the walls with the help of brackets of various designs, but it is possible and the internal layout provided that the following conditions:
- tube material - stainless steel;
- protective insulation device internal chimney sections to prevent scalding by direct contact;
- building fire cutting around the pipes at the contact with the walls and floor slabs;
- compliance with the requirements of the constructive position of the chimney elements:
Mounting
The foundation for the steel chimney is not required, and the installation can be done independently.
Build from the bottom upwards. The design must be provided for the condensate sump with a socket for its descent.
Prefabricated elements are interconnected joints shaped execution, the contact surfaces prior to assembly covered with heat-resistant silicone sealant, with the spot repair allows to dismantle the desired fragment. Over joints further superimposed crimp clamps.
The depth of nozzle tubes to each other determined rules fire - no less than the radius of the mounted member.
Presence of the circuit of one horizontal pipe portion, but the length is not more than 1.0 m.
Step mounting brackets on the wall of the chimney is carried out in the size of 1.5-2.0 m, turning every place (knee) needs an individual fixing to the ground.
If the roof the house is made of combustible material, then at the end of the pipe is installed deflector, spark arrester.
On the outer parts of the flue to reduce the formation of condensate and gain traction with rock wool insulation is performed - in a manner that prevents it getting wet. In the upper part of the tube where insulated layer ends at channel set collar obliquely downward along the perimeter to prevent moisture entering the insulation from the end.
Part of the pipe opening onto the roof, is fixed to the base by three streamers are uniformly distributed around the circumference through 120 degrees.
Sandwich chimneys
Sandwich tube are two steel shells of different diameters, between which is placed a heat-resistant insulation certain thickness. This design allows to mount the chimney pipe of a boiler from elements already equipped outside insulation, however sandwich chimneys are equally suitable for both outdoor and indoor installation.
The material execution of sandwich pipes made of the following types:
- Both shells are made of stainless steel;
- Stainless steel inner tube, the outer - galvanized steel.
However, the resistance of the steel to oxidation yet does not determine its degree of suitability for use in flue ducts.
In the production of sandwich pipes used the following types of stainless steel:
- AISI 430;
- AISI 439;
- AISI 316;
- AISI 316i;
- AISI 304;
- AISI 321;
- AISI 310S.
The most inexpensive materials are steel grades AISI 430 and AISI 304, but also the use of their respective - only for the outer shells. The highest quality are AISI 316i, AISI 321, AISI 310S, used for both external and internal pipes, and the choice of material, this should be considered.
Mark the steel used has a significant impact on the value of pipes. Therefore, when looking for the best deal you need to take into account the material of manufacture. Conscientious manufacturer always supplies its products tabs, which indicated grade and thickness of the stainless steel inner and outer loop. The dependence of the value of the grade of steel is clearly demonstrated in the summary table prices for stainless steel chimneys "ROSSTin" on the official website of the company.
Mounting
The construction of the sandwich chimney external execution starts with the starting node installation on an outside wall of the building. At the starting node is set first element sandwich chimney - backplate.
Supporting platinum on a tee set, which are assembling the vertical part of the chimney, and the wall of Markings operate inlet calculation to equip input fireproof feedthrough space and thermal insulation.
Between fragments are fixed by inserting the ends into each other, made in compliance with the required seating diameters sizes. Over the landing junctions are set crimp collars. But when installing pipes used two methods of orientation - "the smoke" and "condensation".
When assembling the sandwich pipe necessary to carry out the following rule:
- assembly to the horizontal portion of the tee is performed "on smoke" - subsequent to the previous fragment is worn;
- vertical section of the chimney is going to "Condensate" - successive fragment inserted into the previous one.
Both methods of conjugation necessarily performed applying sealant.
The upper part of the chimney at the end assembly attached to the base via extensions with special clamp and eyelets.
Self-assembly of sandwich chimney is simple at first glance. In practice, this operation requires the skills to perform many kinds of work, including at altitude. In addition, the quality of performance and compliance with technical standards depends not only on the efficiency of gas-fired boiler, but also the safety of people living in the house. Therefore, to take up an independent installation of the chimney sandwich comprising a plurality of small, but important nuances, it is recommended only with a professional guide.
conclusion
The device for the flue gas boiler - a very demanding procedure, and taking into account the cost of performance of modern construction materials - quite costly to undertake it without the knowledge of the technology and performance of roofing skills, construction, installation and finishing works. However, knowledge of the operation of the algorithm and the basic requirements to chimneys facilitate monitoring of the production work, professional contractor.
