Tree - a natural material which has long been used for floors. As a load-bearing structures overlap modern homes use prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete slabs and beams - wood or metal. In all these cases, are used lag - it's wooden bars, performing for the rough or clean floor features sparse furring elements in same way as for the final coating roofs, for example of corrugated asbestos cement slates or metal sheeting.
In the design of concrete floor joists need:
- to align the plane of the floor of the future and to hide defects of plate overlaps;
- Device for heat insulation and the possibility of ventilation of the space between the insulation boards and the floor, eliminating moisture and the formation of condensation water.
Very often it can be claimed by warming the floor joists.
How to arrange the overlap with lags
The Wooden beams step can be up to 3 meters. When installing floor planks on beam directly to prevent fluctuation need to bring them to a thickness of up to 10 centimeters or more. Or significantly reduce the distance between the beams, and increase the size of their section. This will lead to significant cost overruns of materials and their weight. Therefore, over the supporting beams perpendicular to them are placed with a pitch of 40... 60 See more boards rectangular cross section, called lags, and relies on that when installing the floor in the form of boards, thick plywood, chipboard.
The need for insulating floors
Why do I need insulation of floors and how to insulate the floor joists which are made of wood? First of all, to the heat from the heated space would not go away in a cold room, located below the ceiling.
The most important is insulation of floors of the first storeyAs well as the ceiling adjacent to the non-insulated attic space. Overlap between the residential floors, which made heating a single whole-house system can not warm, limiting the noise insulation, if the premises belong to different apartments.
As insulated flooring joists
Insulation slab smokers located on the first floor, is different depending on the type of structures, circuits, their installation purpose underlying space - a basement full of heated or non-heated type, ground floor, underground engineering closed or open (on stilts, brick or concrete poster) type.
Beamless floors of the ground floor
Girderless overlapping bottom floor, using as the base clay base can be arranged in the concrete embodiment. It may be monolithic reinforced concrete grid plate is cast in situ, with waterproofing between the ground and the concrete of several layers of any type of web material or ruberoid geotextiles.
On top of the concrete slab with a pitch of 40... 60 cm joists set - boards having a thickness greater than 75 mm, and a height that provides stacking between the heat-insulating material of desired thickness. Joists are fixed with screws, self-tapping screws on the pegs, corners, bent from sheet metal, wood shorty.
See also - Methods for proper insulation of concrete floor.
Wooden ground floor
Wooden arranged similarly to the intercommunication with the exception of the lower face of cranial beams, which performs a function subgrade. The ends of the bearing beams of a metal rolled sections (angle, channel, I-beam) or wooden edging and uncut logs the desired span and sections embedded in a carrier (capital) wall of the house at a distance of not less than 10 centimeters.
beams on top of the boards are set perpendicular to them-lags. The smaller the pitch lag, the less they can be cross section. Free space that is not occupied by the beams and joists filled with insulating material leaving a ventilation gap height of 2... 6 centimeters from the lower plane of the floor covering.
attic floor
concrete
Overlapping with the unheated attic when using insulated concrete slabs differently than beams of the ceiling.
On concrete slabs after the installation of insulation to protect it often arrange a cement-sand screed thickness of 5... 7 cm.
Trimmer
When the overlapping beams of - the gaps between the beams and the beams over the bottom plank plating to the desired thickness of the filled insulation. In this subfloor performing protection of wooden structures and insulation, it can be arranged from the edging (with irregular curves and lateral longitudinal edges) or slabs - boards, with one side having a semi-circular shape.
Important! When the device roughing or finishing floor should avoid the formation of so-called hanging sutures. The seams of adjacent floor covering should fall strictly along the longitudinal mid-axis, which are located under them lag.
Materials used as insulation floors on logs
Traditional materials, serving as a heater for the floor on joists for the floor, until recently treated slag produced from the burning of coal and ordinary furnace ash. This material is characterized by low efficiency and the need to carefully seal places of their use of the ability of the formation of fine dust seeping literally anywhere slot.
Now material providing insulation between the floor joists set with different properties and field of application can be selected in any desired form. Such insulation for laying insulation material include:
- Expanded clay, which can be used in bulk (like slag and ash) as well as a lightweight aggregate covering, for example in concrete floors. Expanded clay - it burned to the point of blistering chippings from calcareous shale. Usually used for this purpose granule fraction with a diameter of 2 to 7 centimeters.
Main article: how to insulate the floor with sawdust.
- Styrene foam slab. With all its qualities of excellent heat and sound insulation when heated (e.g., in case of fire), the material starts to produce volatiles, very harmful to human breathing.
- The polyurethane foam applied in liquid form, then several times increase in volume, due to curing in ambient humidity. Such a foam is prepared using standard cylinders acquired in DIY stores, or by mixing two or more component (polyurethane resin and foaming agents).
- Foamed or aerated concrete which is obtained by introducing a cement-sand mortar aluminum powder reacts with the cement and acts like the yeast in the dough. Used instead of expanded clay in the same flowsheet.
- Mineral (stone, glass) wool. It is produced in the form of flat plates or mats rolled up in rolls. This insulation is cut into pieces the right size so that an interference fit between the beams to enter and lags. Is fixed by means of glue, screws, bands of metal and plastic. The material is ecologically safe. During a fire, it remains neutral to high temperature and does not lose its shape. In terms of price / quality / environmental safety of the mineral, basalt or glass wool should be recognized as the best materials used as insulation.
Rarely used for heat insulation materials:
- Pressovannayav form of slabs of wood bark of the cork tree.
- Foamed polyethylene (polypropylene). Sometimes one side covered with aluminum foil (see the appropriate instructions for use of the heater at the time of purchase).
- Expanded perlite (sometimes instead of perlite use other mineral with similar properties - vermiculite). It is packaged in paper bags, their weight is one of them, depending on the volume weight of sand from 2 to 5 kg. Bags filled with insulation voids in the slab. This is facilitated by the fact that the bags are filled with not more than half at packing.
Features floor insulation between joists
When functioning of people, and is formed in the process of heating the excess moisture in the premises. When exchanging air with the outside atmosphere through the enclosing structure, most of which has the properties of vapor-permeable causes that at the boundaries formed water condensate between the heat and cold, which is absorbable insulation and significantly impairs its heatproof properties. To avoid this, with insulation using special vapor-permeable and waterproof membrane film. For their installation and fixing tape can be used, construction stipler glue.
When insulation is carried out actions aimed at the device further waterproofing layer providing additional protection from direct heater water ingress, such as mopping or technological leakages of utilities (water, sewer, district heating) when accidents.
Wooden floor elements during their installation must necessarily be protected from rotting, mold, fungal attack, as well as living in the wood insects, special structures called antiseptics. High fire hazard is reduced by treatment with flame retardants. Additional waterproofing should be subjected to the place of contact structures made from both identical materials (wooden beams and joists) and dissimilar materials (brick, metal, wood, concrete).
In the case of metal beams, they must be protected against corrosion by applying a special lacquer coating.
