Any accommodation in the garden area or a private cottage in the suburbs need heating. This problem can be solved, if the inside of the house to install a central heating system, or use a self-heating with a fireplace. Qualitatively designed chimney for a fireplace is an important part of the heating system.
This article will find a detailed description of existing chimneys and practical advice on the construction of pipes diverting the products of combustion.
You can install a decorative fireplace without a chimney, including electric fireplace or build reliable solid fuel or gas. The choice is always yours, but pay special attention to the construction of the "right" and the quality of the pipe.
To the main chimney function relates output speed and direction of smoke flow of exhaust gases out of the house.
The pipes are built of the following materials:
- brick;
- lightweight concrete;
- ceramics;
- metal, thermally insulated "sandwich".
Chimney made of bricks
For low-cost structures are brick chimneys, they fit perfectly into the architectural structure of any building.
Brick chimney need to build in such a way that it can be easy to maintain.
For the device of the chimney flue is required to comply with relevant building regulations in the construction of vertical structures.
- The chimney of the fireplace of the furnace must provide a sufficient output of the combustion products. Construction, 5-6 meters in height improves traction. Best Mode when the chimney is above the ridge 50 centimeters.
It should be remembered that too large an inner volume of the tube reduces the efficiency of the heater, and a too narrow - complicates the derivation of the combustion products.
If the chimney is located next to the lofty wall, while increasing its stainless steel materials, asbestos or ceramic tube.
- Chimney channel important to have a vertical angle of deviation of the possible 300, The segment is no longer than 2 meters.
- The channel for connecting the boiler to the chimney must be short, with a small number of bends.
- For better traction, the channels must have the same diameter.
- Produce masonry chimney should be careful and need to get the joints between bricks were filled completely.
Exact following the rules improves the design integrity and create a good draft.
chimney design
Before proceeding to the construction of the chimney, it is necessary to make the project. Knowing the characteristics of the heating equipment can calculate the pipe size for the fireplace, its height and the inner diameter. It should be remembered that the brick structure is being built at least five meters.
If the heating equipment has a significant amount, then the escaping gases pipe must be of appropriate dimensions.
The inner part of the structure should comply with the diameter not less than 250 mm. It is desirable to do so in the event of contamination, there was a possibility to easily clean the soot.
Chimney for fireplace apparatus
- Hacking pipe - is raised from the furnace itself;
- The fuzz - part of the structure which expands and contracts to overlap the attic;
- Riser - erected in the attic;
- Otter - the chimney is being built with the broadening to 10cm and removes sediments from the attic;
- The neck - is being built, as well as a riser after an otter;
- Headroom - a portion that is crowned pipe.
Materials and tools
For the construction of a fireplace chimney applied ceramic brick M 75 or M 50. Its size is: length 25 cm, width 12 cm, height 6.5 cm.
Solid brick - has a small void volume of about 12%.
Brick porous, hollow or lightweight - these materials used in the construction of the chimney is forbidden!
- Preparation for the erection of structures indoors solution comprises a mixture of cement + sand + clay.
- In the open space - on the roof, make cement + sand without clay.
- Plastering of the inner part of the pipe is not recommended.
Experts recommend the use of a ceramic piece or firebricks. They differ from each other so that they can withstand different temperature indicators: ceramic - 7500And fireclay - 10000FROM.
For the construction of fireplaces and chimneys made of bricks, you will need the following tools:
- for solution necessary capacity;
- gon is used to check the inside and outside corners;
- construction level;
- Trowel - trowel for bricklaying;
- Shovel - kneading solution;
- grouting for joints;
- ladder - to climb above ground level;
- kirochka - hammer for trimming bricks;
- plummet to check the verticality of the masonry.
How to make a chimney for a fireplace
After the erection of the fireplace, furnace design constructed continued - called the push-tube. In this part of laying an iron bolt through which regulated traction, as well as monitors the combustion in the furnace.
By building structure, it should be remembered that it is intended for removing the combustion waste only one furnace.
- Laying chimney need to make sure that he was even in the inner part, without acting solution.
Experts recommend every three rows of brick masonry laid wire for binding and stability of the chimney.
- Hacking riser pipe suspended spread of 30 cm to overlap, as this point begin to erect neck fuzz.
Scheme fuzz of bricks
How to lay out a fuzz?
The fuzz - a significant increase in the pipe outer sides at the point where it intersects with the attic ceiling. Its function is to keep the overlap of wood from fire, as well as from excessive overheating.
- Width minimum fuzz is a layer of a brick 1.
It is necessary to wrap the insulation layer, which is prepared in advance.
- To prepare the insulating layer should felts soaked in a clay solution.
- More fuzz can impose asbestos sheets.
Experienced builders recommend:
- Fuzz spread in a half-brick, then there will need to produce fuzz wrapping insulation. It should be remembered that such action can be carried out in the event that intend to stoke the fireplace stove is not more than 3 hours.
- If the combustion chamber while more than 3 hours fuzz should be spread in two bricks, and must withstand the internal volume of the tube, which was prior to the expansion rapushki.
Other fuzz - riser being constructed without an extension tube to the roof. The wood is cut hole overlap not only a pipe but also a metal box.
- The distance from each side of the tube is 50 cm.
It is filled with a refractory material, such as sand, clay or expanded clay. In advance to the pipe laid metal rods, which will hold the box.
There is a way to create fuzz, it is as follows:
- For 30 cm of overlap to the wood bars laid in the seam 6 mm thick extending beyond the edge of the tube at a half brick.
- In the next series of stacked rods are the same and in the same direction.
- Perpendicular them attaches the same wire with the same cross section, since a two-level mesh is created.
- Under this wire is installed plank formwork. Its width is 40 cm and height 10 cm.
- The box is filled with concrete grade M-350, which can knead independently.
Preparation of the solution
- This requires one part of M-500 cement, two parts sand (preferably coarse) and three parts of gravel (best option - crushed), (1: 2: 3).
- The whole mixture is stirred and filled with water, to get a smooth consistency, so it is not liquid, or cement milk will flow out through the gap, and the solution will be fragile.
- This formwork is removed after 72 hours and kept More concrete without load for 72 hours, periodically spraying it with water.
- After storing for 6 days, this concrete foundation is laid brick fuzz, bandaging it with the riser.
Remember that the expansion of the tube 7 is raised to the series, then laid riser. Continuation of the pipe is being built on three rows above the roof level, and then begin to spread the "otter". Create the lower part of "otter", expanding it on a half-brick in a hand.
So, make overhang the sides of the increase in 4 directions. The riser extends to 10 cm, forming a small shed. This extension protects the roof from falling precipitation in the attic space.
It is important to observe bandaging between the bricks, especially in those places where the halves and quarters.
- Further laid headroom, which retains the pipe from being destroyed by the same technology as the fuzz.
- In the well head installed metal cap. It protects the inside of the pipe by precipitation and improves traction in the fireplace.
If you want to do plastering pipe, then clean the surface from dust and foreign particles.
- To attach the outer part of the tube plaster mesh - namotyvaetsya solution on it.
- The solution was applied to the plaster-lime slag cement with the addition.
The finished surface can be whiten, to see cracks in the plaster pipe.
types chimneys
Each chimney is chosen individually for a particular furnace. Tube, the outlet of combustion products and smoke are Shaft mounted and indigenous.
Root chimney erected next to the fireplace, and the push-formed by compounds pipes and stainless steel chimney lads.
Chimney hacking type.
Root chimney
Root chimney is suitable for brick and cast iron fireplaces, It is possible to connect two tube furnaces. Its internal cross section must meet the required parameters.
For example, if the internal section of one chimney pipe is 140 mm, then two - 280 mm.
If the fireplace stove of cast iron - that of radical chimney, its interior should be stainless steel or metal.
The block of ceramic flues
Blocks are used for the construction of tubes of lightweight concrete.
- They are connected through the vertical reinforcement.
- In the interior of the tube block design was placed in ceramic, it is wrapped with refractory insulation.
Advantages and disadvantages of chimney flues made of ceramics
The advantages include the following features:
- It features quick assembly - ease of assembly;
- It provides high efficiency;
- long service life;
- there is a variety of blocks for the construction of the required design and has provided the opening for the chimney;
- easily cleaned fume collection tube, through an existing aperture;
- in the lower part of the tube has an opening for the exit of condensate.
At block designs have drawbacks, such as:
- high price;
- long delivery from abroad.
Chimney made of metal, thermally insulated "sandwich"
Studying tubes for chimneys, should pay attention to the option of a "sandwich" of the pipe.
- Thanks to thermal insulation - in condensate are practically not formed.
- In such a pipe soot deposited more slowly, and its material lasts longer.
- It far exceeds the lifespan than brick construction.
No matter what material the pipe is constructed of brick or metal, ceramic or concrete - the main thing for this design ensure good ventilation for the furnace hearth.
Ready chimney is considered successfully fulfilled if the combustion of wood no smell of smoke in the room. The flame should uniformly cover logs and have a straw-yellow color.
Good luck!
