The building has a special kind of objects which require high ignition protection factors. These include the building of medical, child care centers, industrial buildings. more and more people are trying to make their homes not only warm, but also safe in the private sector. Nonflammable insulation to this ideal.
Types and characteristics of non-combustible insulation
There is a large variety of refractory materials of which are the following:
Mineral wool
The most popular form of insulation with high fire-resistant qualities. It is made of metal and slag remaining production mining parody. It has a fibrous structure. Available in mats, rolls, plates. There are several variants of this product:
- Slag. Residue produced from blast furnace slags, which are converted into a long fiber material 0.05 mm thick. Fibers treated binder and formed into a plate. Characterized by high coefficient of heat saving and low conduction. Resistant to temperatures over 300 degrees.
- Glass fiber. Its characteristics are directly dependent on the chemical composition. Increased resistance to high temperature has a continuous glass fiber made of quartz glass bezschelochnogo.
- Stone wool. Insulating material obtained from silicate and volcanic rocks with addition basalt crumb. Teplosberezheniya has excellent characteristics, as well as increased stability coefficient fire. It is produced in the form of cylinders or plates.
- Basalt. Ecru acicular fiber made from mineral fibers. Their excellent properties took the basalt rock. It is not subject to fire. Resistant even to direct fire. Its not like rodents, and microorganisms. It has excellent water-repellent qualities.
These characteristics allowed the mineral wool to be one of the most popular insulation in areas with a high fire risk.
expanded clay aggregate
A free flowing, environmentally friendly insulation, is made by foaming argillaceous rocks. It is one of the most popular insulation for buildings of different purposes. It takes the form of small pellets. heat conductivity depends on the density of bubbles inside. It is a fireproof material.
On the positive side of the heater can also be considered:
- Strength. This figure varies depending on the brand. Gravel density will be 2.5 MPa to -1.6 MPa rubble.
- Good thermal conductivity. The coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.18 W / m.
- Moisture absorption.
- Soundproofing. Good sound absorption and vibration making it an excellent insulation walling.
- Fire resistance. Material produced by calcination, so it is not afraid of high temperature. He does not melt or ignite.
Separately allocated among non-combustible insulation foam glass. It is a modern thermal insulation material was the construction market recently. Receive it by foaming silicate glass and coal with the addition of acetone. In European countries, the material has long been a recognized leader in the refractory heat insulator.
foamglass
In particular, the material can also burn its resistance to temperature extremes. Foam glass has high technical characteristics which remain practically unchanged with time.
It is produced in the plates and in the form of bulk material (small chips). Penostekolnymi blocks insulated clatter, foundations, facades and interior walls. Little used as a bulk insulator for old roofs and piping insulation.
You can also add to the positive qualities of this material:
- Long service life. Manufacturers claim that it can serve up to 100 years.
- He was not afraid of any sudden changes in temperature or bad weather conditions.
- Strength. Is not subject to deformation, it retains its quality in all conditions.
- It absorbs sounds and vibration. foamed glass block is able to muffle the tractor engine roar.
- Refractory. It practically does not burn. Able to endure temperatures in excess of 250 degrees. At a higher temperature to melt it, but it does not release harmful substances.
- It does not attract rodents, do not become a breeding ground for mold and mildew.
He also has some disadvantages:
- High price. This material is considered to be the most expensive of all the heaters. This is explained by the complexity of the production of which requires more energy.
- Low mechanical resistance. Upon impact or compression of the pellets burst.
By the choice of the insulation no special requirements, as it recently appeared on the market, and is not widely used. However, there are some recommendations which should be heeded:
- Before buying, try to accurately calculate the amount of material. The calculation is performed taking into account the index of the upper dew point. It should be located within the reservoir and adjacent wall is not cooled below 4-5 degrees. Then there will be collected condensate.
- Carefully read blocks of foam glass structure. It should be uniform, and themselves the same size plates.
- Acquired products of foreign manufacturers, as Russian production is poor.
perlite
The unique, lightweight insulation, made from volcanic glass-parody. The production technology is held with strong heating materials. During the heat treatment, he swells and increases in size. This creates perlite excellent insulation characteristics.
The material is known for a number of special positive qualities:
- Ease. Special foam structure allows it to be used in metal and wood construction, without weighing it down.
- Resistance to high temperatures makes it possible to use it as insulation for pipes or roof.
- Thanks to the fine-grained structure, it fits tightly and fills all the cracks and cavities, so is ideal for warming the old attic.
- Due to resistance to high temperatures, perfect for installation of underfloor heating.
Note that the perlite poorly absorbs moisture, it has a low water vapor permeability, so it should not be used in places with high humidity. By cons also attributed the complexity of the work, coupled with the release of alluminum dust during installation of the insulation. Therefore require special clothing and a respirator.
Available material in the form of boards, dry mix and sand. On sale you can find a special kind of roofing, which is called bitumoperlit. The material has high flexibility, it is capable of covering various shapes structure.
vermiculite
Development of new technologies has created a modern insulation called vermiculite. For its production hydromica used, which is heated to a temperature of 500-1000 degrees, causing rocks bundle. Thanks to technology swelling volume of the resulting raw material is increased by 20 times. It produced a product in the form of pressed boards, dry teplonapolnitelya.
Expanded vermiculite has a porous substrate, so its weight is small. Also, the material has the following specifications:
- Coefficient of thermal conductivity ranges from 0.05 to 0.09 W / m * K.
- Melting point starting from 1300 degrees. This quality can be attributed to the fire-resistant insulation.
- It has high hardness and durability, thanks to the properties of mica.
- It has good sound and heat conduction.
- Long service life. The manufacturer claims a duration of operation for more than 80 years.
- The material does not rot, is not decomposed, not interested in rodents and mold, does not enter into chemical reactions with alkali and acid substances.
Because of these qualities Vermiculite is widely used as insulation To walls and floors. This natural material is relatively cheap. The most expensive are plates or blocks. The price of one plate around 1,700 rubles. The cost of a cubic meter of dry backfill starts from 6 th. rub.
Tips for choosing a non-combustible insulation
Given the many types of refractory heat-insulating material, the question arises about the selection criteria.
- One of the main criteria of the buyers is price. The cheapest are the mineral wool and expanded clay.
- Since the emphasis is on fire, then carefully read the package, which contains all the technical characteristics of the material, including flammability.
- For heat insulation important criterion is the insulation. For the wall and floor, this figure should not be higher than 0.08 W / m.
- Also take into account costs and region of residence. The harsher winter, the heat transfer coefficient should be high.
- Pay attention to the water vapor permeability and water absorption. From these indicators it depends on how much will be collected condensate.
In conclusion we can say that by following all of the recommendations for selection, taking into account the characteristics and features of each of the proposed species, we can choose the best option of insulation.