Attic floor: Equips bedroom, living room 100 photo

Human development passes his whole life. Generational change is accompanied by progress in the society. And design of the house changes with time. Multi-storey stone buildings, and roofs made of animal skins, or straw replaced metal and slate. Formation of new ideas in architecture has led to the use of attic space for household needs and provided an opportunity to solve the housing problem.

Attic floor - what is it

France became the home of premises under the roof. A first architect, who at the top of the house a room for living, was François Mansart. Spread his ideas in Paris contributed to the laws of the time, according to which the amount of tax on the house was determined by its number of floors. The law of time in the attic was not considered as a floor.

Part space (residential, residential) disposed in the attic used for household purposes called attic. The concept is derived from the name of the architect. Was originally used as housing for the poor, eventually turned to the subject of wealth, luxury and proper planning at home.

According to the terminology of normative acts of the Soviet Union, and after, and the CIS countries, defined as the attic floor. Its area is considered a total quadrature, it is registered in the BTI, under the terms of its suitability for living throughout the year and the availability of heating. The attic floor has a ceiling, which is the roof of the structure, so its front is angled.

Distinctive features of the attic on the second floor

Standard construction of the second floor wall define disposed vertically and parallel to each other surfaces of the ceiling and floor. In the attic there are no direct facades. When compared with the ordinary attic floors are the following differences:

• The structure of the roof determines the height of the attic rooms, which each point varies;
• Standard second floor has the same quadrature, as his predecessor. Roofing premises have a smaller space;
• Two-storey house has a great load on the ground, respectively, it is taken into account in the design of the foundation;
• Placed vertically in the wall of the second floor must be greater than half a meter, from being under roof - below;
• Garret superior to any other floor illumination is achieved due to the inclined position of the window openings;
• Sloping walls also reduces the amount of indoor air, because of its reduced total quadrature;
• Houses with different variations of the second floors vary in appearance. Floor under the roof gives the house an original look.

Advantages and disadvantages of attic floor

Planning, reconstruction of the house forced to consider the possibility of increasing the living space at minimal cost. This idea makes it possible to realize the construction of the superstructure, or (in the already existing structure) attic. When selecting such a variant the use of roof space owner estimates the benefit obtained from this alternative, and it thus loses. Consider the advantages of choice, it gives:

• The ability to use old buildings as a base;
• Get saving building materials, due to the lack of walls;
• Increase in usable living space;
• Improve the overall appearance of the building;
• Use different design ideas related to the slope of the ceiling;
• Reduce heat loss through the roof;
• enjoy a well-lit room.

The disadvantages include the following:

• Rapid heating of the structure as a whole in hot weather;
• Inadequate use of usable space;
• Ceilings, angled, make uncomfortable space near the wall.

Design and installation

The project - the construction of the foundation. Drafting documentation requires special knowledge. When designing take into account many factors that determine the final appearance. Such points include visual perception, useful living area, the slope of the structure and its resistance to weather (drainage of water, snow slipping), access to communications, correspondence bearing walls future loads, the choice of building materials taking into account the financial possibilities and a lot of other calculations related to construction.

Design - an important moment in the creation of the attic, which can make based on the design of the structure. Consider the elements that make up the structure:

• The device rafters. Support the entire roof acts mauerlat. It is a bar attached to the top of the load-bearing wall. To him attach rafters. They create a framework, and determine the type of roof. On top of the rafters have a crate. Furthermore, the device comprises counters, suspension, beams, floors, and other elements.
• Vapor barrier. It protects the roof elements from penetrating and absorbing the vapors. Presents the single-layered, multi-layered, reflective films.
• Warming. Technology consists in the packing material between the rafters. As a heater can be used all the basics but prohibited to be installed in residential buildings.
• Waterproofing premises. Required roof element. It protects from rotting rafters and insulation from getting wet. As a material used polymeric film or membrane perforated film.

Not to be confused with a vapor barrier film, which protect only the vapors formed in the process of life.

• Ventilation. Breathability - an important element of the roof. Microclimate depends on it, as well as the evaporation of moisture from the insulation layer. Depending on the roofing material is selected amount of clearance necessary for the flow of air.
• Heating. There are different ways to create a heating. Most rational will connect to the existing system. But it does not matter, you can use electrical appliances, install a fireplace, put a heating system, designed only for this particular location.

Types, sizes and shapes of the attic floor

The presence of strict regulation differs from the attic loft. Prescribed minimum value of the height from the floor, a table of slope of the roof, even marked its area depending on certain parameters. But all the roofs of different kinds of devices that can be combined. Consider the existing types of roofs.

abat-vent

Rarely used in construction. Due to its main drawback - bad retains heat, so the need for additional insulation. Characterized by simple installation compared to other species, due to the absence of the ridge in its design.

When designing a house with a roof into account the windy side and a roof slope toward her. The entire structure is fastened to the walls located at different height logs (mauerlat). The important point of this system is the slope angle. It must be more than 40 degrees. To allow for accurate determination of the angle of the coating type, the span length, the load caused by precipitation (snow). The wall, located on the part of the slope, gets the maximum load, which should also be taken into account in the drafting.

gable

A common variant of the roof. It represents a structure consisting of two inclined planes which are connected at the junction of the upper ridge. The scarcity of rays and a single point of contact to significantly reduce the construction costs, increases the strength of the structure.

Depending on the angle of inclination of ramps sloping roofs are divided into (a plane angle less than 45 degrees), standard (equal to 45), pointed (60 degrees). The climatic conditions of the region is the primary criterion for the choice of the angle of acuity.

Location skate centered or offset from it, making the roof symmetrical and asymmetrical, respectively. For rooms characteristic trapezoidal shape, however, if the width of the structure allows you to create and square models. In the production of a standard double plate coating applied rafters relating to the hanging type. This type does not provide for additional beams. The walls serve as a support.

polygon

It is kind of a gable roof. In its design planes have a number of different angles of inclination. The standard chute is divided into a couple of parts that are "broken" in a certain place. It is the optimum one for the construction of the attic. The structure allows the area of ​​the attic space efficiently.

The roof is typical for homes with square shape. A feature of this roof is that the angle of slope of the upper plane is small - 30 degrees, and the bottom is 80. This allows for high ceilings, creating the impression of a full room. The difference lies in the truss system, it has a combined structure including a ridge at the very top of the rafters (hanging) and naslonnye sides. Polyline design can be mnogoskatnoy.

hipped

The design has a complex structure. Erected rarely other species. Is selected, if necessary, so that the house had a special kind, different from conventional structures. Construct a roof with his hands is problematic. During the design phase requires complex calculations.

Rays, having the form of isosceles triangles that touch on the height of the structure, characterized by a hipped cover home. Geometric shapes, viewed from above, the roof is divided into species. Upon receipt of the square is called the roof tent, a rectangle - the hip, which, in turn, is divided into classical and poluvalmovaya.

The advantages of the structures include aerodynamics, defense walls from all sorts of precipitation, the ability to use it on older buildings. A disadvantages consist in reducing the area of ​​the attic space (due to the complexity of the design), the high cost, complexity of technical calculations.

With a balcony

Many projects have a balcony or a loggia, which can increase the functionality of the attic space. Extensions have their own characteristics, they provide an opportunity to organize a resting place in the open air, in the case of a fire conditions serve as emergency exits, but require significant capital investment and reduce the insulation.

There are several types of structures with a balcony. For the most popular and sought after type includes an extension located on the side of the gable. It features a roof that does not require additional canopies. Balcony can be placed back in the top part, but in this case will require the construction of individual ceilings. The third version of the extension - a balcony-window. To protect against weather outdoor balcony are glazed.

Windows for lofts

Design house with a residential attic space accompanied by a solution to many problems. Selection and rational placement of windows is one of them. The presence of the window openings, not only can solve the problem of lighting, but also improve the overall design of the structure. All windows are classified according to specific properties: location relative to the base structure, the method of opening, type of glazing used, the raw material the window-sill.

Windows can be placed in two ways, in inclined and vertical positions. Gables and the cuckoo - direct mount designs space, rays - for inclined, one plane with them. Angled openings give the room more light.

The windows are designed to be installed in the attic, make lightweight. Most running variant - single chamber, dual chamber rarely used. In the first case the structure consists of two sheets of glass, in the second of the three. Glasses are divided into types. They can be hardened, have a metallic coating, composed of several layers.

To open the window using the handle. There are models with a remote control. The difference lies in the arrangement and the axis of the opening, which may be horizontal and vertical. The raw material for window frames tree stands, metal and plastic, and aluminum.

The materials used for decoration

The final stage of the construction works - finishing, which includes a series of consecutive actions related to floor decor, walls and ceiling. For this activity, you can invite experts, but the master class can show itself if desired. For finishing works often choose certain materials:

• Wall paneling. The material is easy to install, has insulating properties. The raw material is plastic, wood, MDF. The classic version - a wooden board. It has the properties of ecological, allows walls to "breathe." The disadvantages are particularly timber, namely its small moisture resistance and vulnerability to temperature changes, so should be well-insulate the roof.
• Plywood. This construction material can be replaced easily finish of other raw materials. It does not require a topcoat, line the walls. Plywood can pokleit wallpaper or simply apply a coat of paint. The material obtained by bonding veneers. Plywood is divided into three types: construction, laminated, waterproof. Selecting this option will allow significant savings while to get high-quality finishing material.
• Block house. Imitating the logs, the material will make it possible to create a unique atmosphere in the room. The presence of tongue-and-groove makes it easy to make installation of the building material. For interior decoration timber producing thinner, but even so, it "eats" part of the living space.
• Plasterboard. Versatile building material. It allows you to align the wall, thanks to its flat surface. Even beginners can work with him. Drywall Sheet is lightweight, it is easy to cut, it can be clad surfaces of any complexity. However, the installation should take into account the specifics of the raw material. Sheets fragile, quickly absorb moisture and swell, is not intended to be placed on the surface of a heavy object.

In addition to these, in the finish can be used PVC panels, suspended ceiling, decorative plaster, laminate, tile, brick, wallpaper and many other building materials.

zoning space

Marking functional zones will be useful if the attic has a large area, which can be used by several people. There are several methods used for zoning:

• the use of the furniture;
• applying decorative elements;
• installation of special structures;
• combination of different finishing materials.

In the implementation of the visual division of space is always guided by a set of rules that apply to all methods of zoning. Basic layout rules must comply with:

• Ladder should have a neutral position relative to the available rooms;
• The interface should not affect the window;
• Do not use additional design in small spaces;
• Objects used for division, should not hinder the free movement;
• The living area is located in the lit area.

Construction and design

Attic can serve for different purposes, it can accommodate an office, bathroom, bedroom - the choice is unlimited. Everything depends on the imagination and desires of the owner of the attic space. The presence of the wall at an angle - the main charm and lack of structure.

On the design of roof space is influenced by the shape of the roof, which determines the geometry of the rooms; location of the building with a loft - apartment, country, country house.

Living room

The interior of the room should be representative. Here there are guests or simply spend the evening with his family. Interior styles are many, they can be used to equip from a small room with a low ceiling to the extensive premises. Consider the application of some of them:

• Scandinavian. Style combines minimalism with eco-themes. There is no place plastics, paints, polymers. The emphasis is on pure materials and simple forms. Large furniture, tall cabinet - are unacceptable. Different combination of rarity with modern trends. Basic color - white.
• Loft. It is used in an unconstrained, spacious rooms. Characterized by the absence of partitions, rough finish walls. Due to the lack of industrial elements and finishes, there is an imitation of the room as residential or abandoned.
• Minimalism. The interior of the room should be a minimum of colors, objects. Comparison of black and white tone - the basic requirement of style. For the living room in a minimalist way only one bed, wardrobe, shelves, even in a single option will suffice. Curtains also choose this style. They should be inconspicuous and do not contain patterns.

Bedroom

For the arrangement of the room is not necessarily the presence of high ceilings and unlimited space. A bed, a lamp, a soft carpet, a chandelier and a bedside table - a minimum set of furniture, which will create comfort. If the room is not constrained and there is free space, it's good to put and wardrobe.

The interior decoration of the bedroom and using exclusively natural materials, wood and presented neutral glass. In terms of color preference is given to bright hues, creating an atmosphere of tranquility.

Nursery & Playroom

Children's laughter in the house - the greatest joy of any parent. Bedroom child is different special atmosphere. Fitted in the attic room for the baby would be his favorite place. Decorate a bedroom for a child of the mother is very exciting process.

Children's equipment is the same as the arrangement of any other premises under the roof. Bevel the wall can be aligned by arranging at the lower corner of a convergence of a niche for storing toys. Produce zoning of the room, dividing it into a place of rest, leisure and education. Be sure to choose the appropriate background. If the attic were support posts holding up the beam, they must bind with soft material. When choosing furniture to focus on the absence of sharp edges.

study

Cabinet - is a separate room to do work at home. A place where no one can interfere with the creative process. That attic meets all these requirements, thanks to their isolation from the rest of the house. Closing the door, you can work on the computer, read a book, create a project.

Furniture for the office occupies a key position, as it creates its atmosphere. Standard set - a table, a bookcase, a sofa, a desk chair. Unlike typical rooms in the attic of a table placed near a window. By the choice of all the pieces of furniture must be approached very responsibly, here every detail matters.

Bathroom

Attic is designed more for relaxation, leisure and, it would seem, bathroom out of place here. But such a structure has its positive side. If the area under the roof is sufficient, it is possible to combine several rooms, including the bathroom. The main requirement of such buildings - the availability of adequate communications.

Limited height, slant walls require a special way to choose plumbing fixtures. This also applies to finishing materials, they must be moisture resistant. The interior of the room it is desirable to equip the window that will compensate for the closed space. Necessarily have to be a mirror, towel holder.

The choice of furniture

Room defines the situation. The choice of furniture depends on the destination premises. The bath can not put the bar. After suitable food, and better studio for her. Tricuspid and wardrobe will look good in the bedroom or hall. In addition to the rational view of the placement, the choice of furniture and its accessories should consider the future of its compatibility with the room decor. Custom form in the attic space makes you wonder how it is better to arrange. If the bed can be placed under the slant wall, the closet is better to place near the gable.

Lighting

When creating a lighting project of the attic into account many factors: count the number of windows, their bandwidth is taken into account even the material of the roof covering and the type of construction. It is calculated and the required amount of light in the dark.

In the afternoon there is natural light in the evening - combined with an artificial night - only the general, which is divided into uniform and localized. The latter include portable lamps, floor lamps, wall lamps. The uniform includes all kinds of ceiling lamp types, from the LED to the neon tubes.

conclusion

Francois Mansart, to bring to life the idea of ​​making the attic of residential premises, can be called a classic architecture. Room under the roof have become popular, they are building and houses located in the country, and in the guest house, built on their own sites. It embodied many ideas of using the attic. It allows not only to increase the usable area of ​​the house, but also gives it a special appearance.