Any gravity-fed system, which includes gutters, works based on the principle of gravity. Water moves from top to bottom. Therefore, the correct slope of the gutter is a prerequisite for the quality operation of the system.
Read in the article
- 1 Types of drainage systems
- 2 System Design
- 3 Why is a precisely maintained slope of gutter systems important?
- 4 Technical features of the installation of the gutter
- 5 Optimal dimensions
- 6 Conclusion
Types of drainage systems
The types of constructive version are regulated by a number of existing sets of rules (17.13330.2017, 118.13330.2012).
All such devices are divided into internal (30.13330.2016) and external (32.13330.2018). The latter are divided into unorganized, organized.
Gutters mounted on external organized options.
This article deals with the latter solution.
System Design
Regardless of the material from which the drainage system is made (most often it is galvanized steel, plastic), it is formed from: gutters, prefabricated funnels, downpipes, wells for receiving sewage (in separate systems), plugs, connecting inserts (couplings), fasteners (clamps, brackets).
There are additional elements that allow you to change the direction of the gutter and drain pipe.
As an additional system option, heating cables are often installed to prevent the drain from freezing in winter.
It is important to consider that at sub-zero temperatures, plastic parts become very fragile. They can be disabled even by snow coming off the roof. Therefore, for areas with low average daily temperatures, it is recommended to choose gutters made of galvanized or copper.
Why is a precisely maintained slope of gutter systems important?
Properly calculated and installed gutter allows you to solve a set of problems:
- timely removal of precipitation, melt water from the roof surface;
- prevents water from entering the surface of the walls;
- removes water from the foundation, excluding waterlogging of the soil;
- allows you to collect water for irrigation.
Water falling on the roof of the building in the form of precipitation is removed by gravity through the gutters. In vertical pipes, nothing prevents its movement. And in order for the liquid to move along the gutters, they need to be mounted at certain angles.
If the slope is less than the optimal value, the water will stagnate in them, overflow, and drain over the edge, falling on the walls, foundation, blind area. This leads to an accelerated failure of the house.
A steep drain, the angle of which exceeds the desired values, leads to excessive accumulation of moisture at the junction of the gutter with a vertical drain. The result is similar. Overflow and all the above problems. Theoretically, the issue, in this case, can be solved by increasing the diameter of the vertical pipes and receiving funnels. The same solution allows, theoretically, to choose the slope of the gutter system at 0°. But this negatively affects the visual appeal of the facades.
Technical features of the installation of the gutter
Work begins with the calculation of the configuration of the drainage system and the geometric dimensions of its elements.
Installation is carried out after the completion of the construction of the building, but before the laying of the roof on the roof.
At the same time, the edge of the roof slope should not cross the gutter of the drainage system. This is achieved by fixing the fastening hooks below the latter. Only in this case, water enters the gutter, and the falling snow cannot damage them.
Installation begins with the installation of brackets that will fix the gutters. The highest extreme is placed first. Second, lower on the opposite side. Next, a mounting cord is pulled between them, along which the marking of the installation sites of the remaining fasteners is carried out. The step between the brackets is determined taking into account the material from which the gutters are made: for plastic - 500-600 mm, for metal elements - 750-1000 mm.
To install prefabricated funnels, slots are made in the gutters. On metal elements, the cut part of the edge is bent down with pliers. A funnel is attached under the slot. The latter rests with its front flange on the edge of the gutter, fixed with bent clamps.
If the elements are plastic, the funnel is fastened with glue.
The outer ends of the gutters are closed with plugs.
Separate gutters are connected by couplings, fixed with locks.
When assembling, it is important to take into account that the elements of the drain increase in size when the temperature rises and decrease when it falls. A difference in values of 10° changes the dimensions by 0.07 mm per linear meter.
Optimal dimensions
The slope of the drain is set taking into account the recommendations of the current codes of practice, the recommendations of the manufacturer of a particular set. Theoretically, a slope of (0.2 - 0.3) ° per linear meter is sufficient. This is a slope of 3-5 mm per linear meter.
It can be made simple and double. With a gutter length of up to 24 m, the first option is optimal.
It is also important to choose the right section of drain pipes and gutters, which depends on the area of the roof surface from which moisture is removed. The latter is determined by the product of the length of the roof slope and its horizontal.
For guidance, below are the recommended sections of the gutter (there are several reference tables with comparable values):
- for area 60-100 m2 the recommended section of the gutter is 90-115 mm;
- 80-130 m2 - 125-130 mm;
- 120-200 – 150;
- 160-220 – 150.
The cross section directly affects the choice of the optimal angle of inclination.
It is recommended to increase the slope angles of the drain on multi-level roofs of complex geometry.
The number of funnels for drainage into a vertical pipe is at least 1 for every 10-12 linear meters.
If we are talking about a standard hip roof of a small building (6000 * 4000), instead of 4 funnels, you can mount 2, placing them diagonally in terms of the projection of the house.
In this case, the diameter of the latter is determined at the rate of 1.5 cm2 per square meter of roof area.
Conclusion
Properly executed slope of the gutter extends the life of the building. Therefore, the proper performance of calculations, the qualitative selection of a particular system should be given priority. You should not save on the number of components. You can choose and purchase the products you need in specialized store.
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