Do-it-yourself piping of a heating boiler

In suburban private houses, as a rule, individual heating. Someone heats the stove in the old fashioned way, and someone organizes mini-central heating in their house in a modern way. There is nothing technically difficult about this solution. All components of the heating system at home can be bought with a good choice, and assembling the heating system, if skilled hands are available, is not a problem. The structure of the heat supply system consists of two parts - heat generating and heat consuming. The heat generator is a hot water boiler, heating radiators, simply batteries, consume heat. All equipment that does not belong to the boiler itself (pumps, pipes, plumbing, appliances, etc.) is considered to be the boiler piping. And after the boiler is purchased and installed in its permanent place, it needs to be tied up. Only then will the heating system appear.

The water boiler is a technological object of increased danger, since it is operated in domestic conditions people who do not have professional training, it is subject to increased requirements for simplicity and safety service. The relevant professional organizations have developed a set of documents that define the technical requirements for boilers for operation in private homes, the rules for their installation and operation in everyday life. These documents:

• Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures";
• Federal Law of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving, Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation";
• Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements";
• Federal Law of July 21, 1997 N 116-FZ "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities".

This set of rules is mandatory for design, construction, reconstruction, overhaul, expansion and technical re-equipment of boiler houses and installations in private homes.

PHOTO: sovet-ingenera.com

The main focus of these documents is to ensure the safe and reliable operation of boilers and domestic boilers. The documents formulate safety requirements, giving technical regulations the status of a federal law. Laws protect the rights and interests of consumers of construction products by regulating the performance of heat generation systems and heat consumption, stimulate the use of modern efficient technologies, new materials and equipment for the development and production of new samples of boiler equipment that provide energy saving and energy efficiency of heat supply systems, increase the environmental performance of systems heat generation.

Gas boiler piping schemes

There are a huge number of types of home heating boilers. They differ in the type of fuel used, in power, in size, and in the installation method. For example, there is a boiler model that can be hung on the wall and a model that can be installed on the floor. Naturally, they differ in strapping schemes.

wall model

Strictly speaking, the wall placement of the boiler is not a determining factor in the formation of the piping. Traditionally, low-power wall-mounted boilers are double-circuit: they work both for heating a small house and for providing hot water for household needs of a small family. Wall-mounted boilers are difficult to heat with coal or wood: they are either gas or electric. It is precisely these features of wall-mounted boilers that determine the structure and content of the strapping.

The heating boiler piping scheme and the composition of its equipment are determined by the structure of the entire heating system in in general: is the system open or closed, is there a water heater circuit, is it necessary to maintain underfloor heating and etc. The functional saturation of the heat supply system is determined by the heat generator piping scheme.

outdoor variety

Outdoor boilers can be of various types. The method of placement "on the floor" removes restrictions on dimensions, weight and power.

Piping schemes for solid fuel units

The purpose of the boiler determines its design. And the design of the boiler forms the requirements for the composition and piping scheme.

Option with indirect heating boiler

In a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler, it is possible to regulate the temperature of the water in the boiler only by changing the flow rate of the coolant. This means that a water pump with a controlled capacity must be present in the piping. Most likely, it will be a DC motor controlled by a regulator. The regulator receives information from the water temperature sensor in the boiler, compares it with the target and gives a control signal to the circuit for changing the rotation speed of the heating pump drive motor water.

You can assemble another control scheme. On the pipe supplying heating water, you will have to install an adjustable valve. The automatic control system is a component of the strapping. In addition to it, there is necessarily an automatic protection system. If the heating water itself overheated and turned into steam, and its pressure began to rise above the permissible norm, the safety valve must be opened. It is difficult to extinguish a solid fuel boiler abruptly, but it is necessary to stop adding fuel. And release the pressure.

In addition to automation, there are mandatory elements in the stake piping: pumps, taps, pipes.

Model with heat accumulator

If hot water is not all used up and consumption is not expected in the near future, then for reasons of normal economy of the money spent, heat must be preserved. For this purpose, heat accumulators have been invented. Such a device is a steel tank, covered with good thermal insulation. When homemade, the main tank can be welded from stainless steel sheets with a thickness of more than 2 mm. For the coolant, a spiral is twisted from a copper tube with a diameter of 20–30 mm and a length of 8–15 meters. The selection of hot water occurs through pipes in the upper part of the boiler.

Heat accumulators complete boilers of heat supply systems, solar heaters, electric boilers. In practice, the volume of the heat storage tank is calculated from the condition that for each kilowatt of power of the primary heat generator, it is necessary to create a volume reserve of 20–30 liters.

PHOTO: sauna-pod-klyuch.ru

After completion of welding and plumbing work, the metal of the boiler is cleaned, primed and painted. Painting is carried out both outside and inside. Outside, the tank must be wrapped with sheets of basalt heat insulator, and a galvanized iron casing must be put on top.

Since the work on creating a heat accumulator with your own hands requires a certain qualification and, moreover, considerable investment of money and time, it is worth considering what is more profitable - to make the unit with your own hands or buy a ready-made factory manufacturing.

Option with overheating valve

Solid fuel boilers have many positive properties. For example, at least some fuel for such a boiler can always be found. But there is one, but a very serious drawback - a solid fuel boiler cannot be immediately extinguished. Loaded firewood or coal must burn out, and then the coals will cool for a long time, giving up their heat to the water. At the same time, it is already too hot, turns into steam, and the steam pressure rises above any permitted limits. It is impossible to reduce heat generation, there are no means for this, and this is already an emergency situation. But reasonable engineers found the right solution here. And not one, but several.

Any fuel burns and releases heat only in the presence of oxygen. And the oxygen in the furnace is taken from the surrounding air. So, if you block the access of air to the furnace, then the combustion of the remaining fuel will stop, the generation and release of new heat will be interrupted, and the water will slowly begin to cool. The vapor pressure will also start to drop. This is due to the operation of the thermostat, which monitors the temperature of the water heating and when the value reaches 95 ⁰C through a simple mechanism closes the blower of the firebox. This device is called a "thermostatic draft regulator". The arrival of fresh air into the furnace, and with it oxygen, stops, heat generation too. Though slowly, but the process will go in the right direction.

But it can also be accelerated. Simple logic dictates: if something is heated above normal, it needs to be cooled. To do this, a cooling heat exchanger is installed in the water path of the boiler. During normal operation, the boiler is empty. But if the temperature of the heated water reaches 95 ⁰C, the valve opens and cold tap water begins to flow into the heat exchanger. Overheating slowly subsides.

But that's not all. At a certain moment, the switching valve is activated, the superheated water is partially discharged into the sewer, and cold tap water enters its place. The method is harsh, but effective. The calories spent on the funds are dumped, and the water that has not passed the chemical water treatment enters the boiler.

There is another way to deal with overheating of water, and it is considered the most effective and economical. A buffer tank (heat storage unit) is installed in the boiler piping. At the same time, the boiler itself is heated in a cyclic mode, once in 2-3 days. But on the other hand, the furnace mode operates at full power and allows you to get the highest efficiency. Hence, this mode is the most economical. And the next 2-3 days, the heating of the house occurs due to the already extinguished boiler. True, the heat accumulator itself costs the same as the main boiler, but these costs are justified over time.

Strapping elements

Boiler piping is performed to solve four main tasks:

• ensuring uniform distribution of heat throughout the heating system;
• protection of the boiler from overheating, which can lead to a shutdown of the equipment (this is at best) or to an explosion;
• acting as a circulation pump to ensure the movement of water in the system;
• high-quality supply of consumers with hot water, if the boiler is double-circuit.

The boiler piping includes the following types of equipment:

• expansion tank to compensate for the thermal increase in water volume;
• safety valve for emergency discharge of water in case of a dangerous increase in pressure;
• air vent to release air congestion;
• pressure gauge and thermometer to control the parameters of heated water;
• boiler for water preparation in the hot water supply system.

On different boilers, this equipment may have different technical characteristics, but the main functions are the same. The presence of automatic control of the parameters of the water heating process expands the list of piping elements due to special equipment.

PHOTO: kachestvolife.club

How to independently tie the heating boiler

This work is unusual for many, but it is masculine in nature and technically interesting.

Tools and Consumables

To work, you will need plumbing tools, locksmith tools, an electric drill with drills for metal and concrete. Consumables will be required to seal numerous pipe joints: FUM tape, linen tow, sealants.

Equipment

The equipment you need is exactly the one that is the strapping elements.

Preparatory stage

In preparation for the creation of a heating and hot water supply system at home, it is necessary to study the project, check the specification for the presence of everything equipment, its technical condition, think over the methods and specifics of installation, select and put into operation the places where it will be installed equipment.

Installation work

Installation works with different types of equipment have their own specifics.

Boiler

Installation of the boiler can be considered on the example of a solid fuel model. Since the fuel of such a boiler is dusty, and its combustion is accompanied by the release of smoke, it is most reasonable to install the boiler itself outside the dwelling. It is possible in a separate room.

There must be a solid base under the boiler. If you plan to install other heavy equipment nearby, you should make an industrial floor (reinforced concrete screed 12 cm thick) and cover it with non-combustible material. 220 V sockets should be installed in the service area of ​​the boiler.

There must be good ventilation in the boiler room, since air is needed for burning fuel, and smoky air must be replaced with fresh air. If the chimney is led outside, then the passages through the wooden walls should be equipped in compliance with fire safety requirements.

Expansion tank

The expansion tank is installed in the heat supply system to compensate for the effect of the volume of water increased during heating. The resulting excess water moves into the tank, when cooled, the water returns to the system. For a closed water system, a membrane-type tank is required; for an open system, any container of a suitable volume is suitable. When installing a membrane-type tank, the air chamber must be on top.

Circulation pump

The circulation pump is installed in the heating system to intensify the movement of water through the pipes. The use of a pump made it possible to quickly deliver hot water to heating radiators and reduce the cost of pipelines.

The pump can be inserted both in a straight line and in a reverse one. But if the water overheats on a non-automated boiler, the pump installed on the return line will live longer and give the owners more time to minimize the consequences of the accident. During installation, the axis of the pump rotor must be in a horizontal position. Shut-off valves must be installed before and after the pump. The box with the electrical contacts of the motor must be on top.

PHOTO: skr.sh

Air vent valves

Automatic air vents bleed air pockets from the heating system without human intervention. These devices are installed at the highest points of the heating circuits, at the ends of the dead-end branches of the pipeline, on the collector together with a pressure gauge and an emergency valve. At these points in the system, air usually accumulates and must be bled off.

Collector

The collector assembly must be mounted in a certain sequence. First, the inlet shut-off valves are installed on the water supply riser, then the meter, filter and check valve. After that, you need to connect the collector itself and fix it on the wall. Mount the water supply to each consumer, fix the pipes with special fasteners.

Pipeline laying

The heating system in the house can be one-pipe or two-pipe.

Single pipe system

In a one-pipe system, all devices are connected in series to the same water circuit. Each subsequent radiator receives a slightly cooled coolant in earlier consumers. The system is cheaper and is used in one-story houses.

Two-pipe system

In a two-pipe system, hot water enters the radiator through one pipe and leaves the system through the other. All radiators receive water at approximately the same temperature.

Recommendations for connecting radiators

The efficiency of the heating batteries depends on the size and thermal power of the heating devices, their location in the room and the way they are connected. When installing various radiators in the system, it is necessary to take into account the material from which they are made and their shape. It matters where in the room they are installed. To increase the efficiency of heat transfer, it is recommended to install a heat-reflecting screen between the wall and the radiator.

Conclusion

The heating boiler piping is an important component of the heat supply system, and its execution is a very important technological operation. The efficiency and durability of the entire heating system depends on the completeness of the strapping and the quality of its constituent devices.