Sewage in a private house with his own hands: the scheme and recommendations

System autonomous sewerage It is one of the most important and expensive engineering services of a private house. Effective functioning, installation labor intensity, quantity and value of the elements of this system depends on the elaboration of the project. Graphic part of the project documentation, according to which is mounted sewer in a private house with his own hands - Sanitary devices layout, septic tanks, Compounds and audits. This article provides information on regulatory requirements and the basic problems of drawing layouts, selection criteria sewerage equipment and features of the installation.

Rules of drawing up sewerage schemes with their hands in a private house

In drawing up the sewerage scheme must take into account the regulatory requirements as sanitary and construction:

• TAP 45-4.01-51-2007 "Water supply and sewerage manor apartment buildings";
• SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 "Sanitary rules for maintenance of populated areas";
• SanPiN 4630 "Sanitary rules and standards for the protection of surface waters from pollution";
• SNIP 30/02/97 "Planning and development areas of gardening associations of citizens, buildings and structures."

In determining the scope and capacity of sewer pipes need to focus on the average rate of water consumption per person. Sediment and pit hole can not be positioned closer than 4 m to neighbor border area and 15 m to wells with drinking water.

The circuit to be described mechanism for internal and external connections sewer, septic tank type and structure, which products will be used and the equipment, its technical parameters. On the basis of the list of materials is carried out costing. The graphic part should be referenced to the plan of the house and gardens, which will indicate the place of pipelines and the installation of sanitary products.

The main factors affecting the layout and design

In addition to calculating the average daily water consumption for designing sewerage schemes influenced by the following factors:

• The magnitude of reset salvo - the peak load on the sewer system (generally falls on the morning and evening), which depends on the number of plumbing tools installed in the house;
• Performance of treatment facilities. Depending of this figure is selected from three alternatives for the disposal of treated waste water:

1. 5 m³/ Day - discharge into the soil. Provided that the filter coefficient of soil is comparable indicators, and reset is situated above the groundwater level at 1 m;
2. to 0.3 m³/ Day - allowed the periodic removal of emergency vehicles;
3. Discharge of effluent into the reservoir is regulated not only by their number, but also the degree of purification in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4630.

• MContainer material production of sewage treatment plants: concrete, brick, Fiberglass, metal, various polymers (polypropylene, Polyethylene). From the technical characteristics of the material depends on design of the structure, method of installation and further maintenance and operation;
• provide power. Modern high-performance water treatment facilities are completed by various types pumps, Compressors and aerators. These are based on electronic control units, which are connected to the temperature and liquid level detectors;
• The topology construction site - the terrain, the direction of the slope, proximity to bodies of water and the presence of potential places of discharge of treated wastewater;
• Surveying construction site - is determined by the type and structure of soil, the depth of its freezing and depth of the ground water. From these factors depends on the complexity and cost of installation works, the need for additional waterproofing or purchase a sealed closed septic tank cleaning cycle.

Varieties sewer facilities and features of their functioning

According to TAP 45-4.01-51-2007 for arranging and laying of sewers in a private home not use the following types of treatment structures:

• septic tank;
• filter well;
• underground filter box;
• filter trench;

Important! In most cases listed structures to be used in conjunction with the septic tank, which is the primary strainer.

septic tank

The most common, with sewage arrangement for a private house with his own hands, are the two types of septic tanks:

Savings - are airtight plastic containers. They are available at a cost, does not require connection to the electricity grid, and can be installed in the immediate vicinity of sources / drinking water wells. A significant drawback is the need for constant pumping wastewater, therefore, a constant assenizatorskaya payment services.

septic Tank Soil additional purification. Primary treatment of sewage is performed in sealed containers, where the major fecal fraction accumulate at the bottom and subjected to anaerobic bacteria. "Clarified" waste water purification degree which does not exceed 40%, it is pumped or forced fall by gravity into the filtration plants, from which, after the final stage of cleaning leak into the ground.

well filter

Effluent entering the tank, gravel pass filter and seep through to the bottom and perforated walls, and from there into the ground.

1. ventilation trumpet;
2. Stove bump;
3. Pipe flow drains.

everything for filter well used solid or perforated reinforced ring 0.9 m in height, an inside diameter of at least 1.0 m and a wall thickness of 8 cm. The filter layer is a medium grit fraction, which must be periodically recovered, washed and again returned to the tank in order to avoid excessive contamination of soil. As the wall material often used in the manufacture brick (With holes in the masonry), plastic drain pipes or large diameter tires. Such options are much cheaper, but significantly reduced the duration of the construction operation.

Field underground filtration

On the site lay drain pipes with perforated walls. Through these effluents are distributed on a large drainage area and are absorbed into the soil, passing more evenly and in small amounts through the gravel filter. This method is associated with a significant amount of earthworks. When determining the depth of the excavation must be considered:

• Thickness gravel - 20 ÷ 50 cm;
• Diameter of perforated pipes - 20 ÷ 50 cm;
• The distance from the ground surface to the top edge of the filtration piping 50 cm.

Furthermore, when forming the bottom of the excavation necessary to provide a bias against septic downstream direction Photo 2 cm per meter. The distance between the pipes depends on the soil type. For sand filter coefficient is 5 ÷ 25 m / day 2.5 m. For large fraction of filler sand with a coefficient filter 25 ÷ 100 m / day and a gravel pack 75 with the filter coefficient ÷ 300 m / day - allowed distance reduction to 2 m.

At the ends of the filtration pipes is mandatory to be installed ventilation hoods 100 mm, a height of at least 70 cm above the ground.

The filter trench

Trench filter performs the same function as the underground leach field septic tank wastewater collection after their further treatment and disposal into the ground. The essential difference is the vertical arrangement of pipes. Such a method is not as effective and can be implemented at a much smaller area. It permitted only in areas with deep water tables, since a trench must also have considerable depth.

The total length of the pipeline and the number of tubes and the trench depth is calculated by the same procedure that is used to filter underground fields. The width of the trenches is adopted according to the norm of 0.5 m, the distance between the lower and upper pipe 0,8 ÷ 1m, the maximum pipe length - 30 m. If necessary, arrangement of 2 or more trenches distance between them should be not less than 3 m.

circuit components WWTP

The most effective for private homes are sewer septic TankRelating to the installation of deep biological treatment. They are a sealed container, divided into several functional compartments. As a rule, they have a vertical orientation can be set with your own hands and do not occupy much space. The principle of operation of such installations is the reaction of fecal matter and organic contaminants with anaerobic bacteria in a medium saturated with air through aeration units.

Important! biological treatment plants require a certain amount of service. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria, periodically adding the appropriate special compartment concentrate. In everyday life, you can not use overly harsh chemicals that can kill bacteria. You must be connected to the power supply installation.

The cleaning process is performed in stages:

1. In the first section, which occupies the largest volume, pollutants are separated into fractions. Heavy and insoluble materials sink to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned with avtoassenizatora;
2. In the second section (aeration) waste water enriched with atmospheric oxygen by aeration. There is an active phase purification by biodegradation in bacteria;
3. In the third section - settler carried squat activated sludge;
4. Because the fourth section, where the water is supplied by means of the jet pump from a secondary sedimentation tank, completely cleaned water via the overflow pipe or the drain pump is removed from the treatment apparatus.

internal drainage device in a private home - circuit and recommendations

In domestic sewage composition composed of the following elements;

• Sanitary equipment: toilet bowl, bath, shower, washbasin, kitchen sink;
• Sewage riser and is attached to the vent pipe thereto;
• Branch lines;
• The check valve.

The horizontal lines are installed with a slope. When wiring in a private home sewage regulatory measures the slope is often neglected, making it "by eye", significantly exceeding the recommended ratio. As a result, the solids sewage do not have time to leach from pipes together with water, accumulate in, creating jams.

Table according to the slope of the diameter sewer pipe for a detached house

Joining the riser discharge duct is performed by means of oblique tees and crosses. Installation of sewer pipes in the basement, Auxiliary and technical premises are allowed to carry out open pit. Fixing is performed by special couplings with dowels or pipes arranged on the supports. In residential areas, as a rule, carry concealed installation. Sewer pipes are located in the technical niches and shafts, ducts under the floor. To implement service - periodic cleaning, the main riser and diverting sewer line equipped revisions according to the guidelines:

• Sewage risers on the lower and upper floor of a private house;
• Branch lines, which are connected to three or more plumbing fixtures;
• Cornering line (this is where most of accumulated solid waste insoluble residues);
• In leprosy horizontal portions every 8 m.

Video sewer arrangement in a private house with his own hands, the correct laying of pipes with a bias:

Which to choose the pipe

Optimum material for sewage pipes private homes are polymers. Products of them are lightweight and can be installed without the involvement of his own assistants. Industry produces a large number of fittings, Adapters, tees, crosses and couplings throughout the nomenclature used sizes. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require extensive training or special skills. An exemplary material is not subject to corrosion and aggressive household chemicals, characterized by a long service life. Sewer private homes often use the following polymers:

• PVP (high density polyethylene) - Affordable, but is sensitive to temperature changes. The maximum operating temperature may not exceed + 40 ° C;
• PP (polypropylene) - has good performance characteristics, the maximum operating temperature of + 100 ° C, withstands harsh chemicals and significant mechanical stress, has a relatively high cost;
• PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - a material that has the optimal combination of cost and quality. It can be used for both external and internal drain. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical impacts average intensity of temperature to + 70 ° C. However, during long-term operation on the walls may appear plaque, which leads to clogging.

pipe connection

The most common method of mounting the plastic pipe is flared connection. It will occur if the pipe or fitting has a corresponding structural element - bell. The connection process is as follows:

• Bell and spigot cleaned of impurities;
• In a special groove inside the socket is inserted into rubber seal provides sealing of joints;
• Spigot end of another pipe lubricated with silicone grease or conventional liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;

Important! It should be possible thermal expansion. For this purpose, a smooth tube part annotation marker, after which it was drawn at 1 cm from the mouth.

Stages of Construction of a sewage system in a private house with his own hands

The sequence of arrangement of the sewage system of a private house can be divided into several stages:

1. Determination of the amount of wastewater volume and capacity of a septic tank;
2. Determination of septic location on the plot in accordance with the sanitary regulations;
3. Apparatus inner sewer network;
4. Installation of external water treatment facilities;
5. Pipeline connections and external treatment plants and domestic sewage.

Calculation of the volume of the septic tank

Table water consumption standards for private residential homes.

calculation formula the volume of the septic tank as follows:

V = n × Q × 3/1000where

V - the volume of the septic tank in m³;

n - the number of permanent residents;

Q - the average water consumption per person in m³;

3 - the number of days of complete cleaning cycle (as SNP).

For example, if the average amount of consumption of 0.2 m³/ Person / day, taking into account the three-day reservation for a family of 4 people need a septic tank capacity of 2.4 m³. For ease of calculation specifically for our readers, we have developed a handy calculator.

A calculator for calculating the necessary volume of the septic tank on the basis of the number of residents

Calculation of the filtration facilities

After be determined bandwidth septic tank, it is necessary to calculate the area of ​​the filtration wells, underground field filtration or filtration trench.

Table volume of domestic waste water 1m² the filtering surface of the well:

Table volume of domestic waste per 1 linear meter of pipe underground filtration field:

Table volume of domestic waste on a 1 meter filter pipeline trench.

Internal wiring of sewage in a private house with his own hands

The effectiveness of the sewage system of a private house, as well as the simplicity of its arrangement with his own hands, depending on the layout of the entire structure. The best is if the kitchen, restroom and bathroom are located as close as possible to each other, it minimizes the length of the sewer pipe and allows you to connect all the sanitary appliances to a single riser. When installing your own hands of a private house domestic sewage should consider the following factors:

• Toilet bowl should be connected directly to main riser sewer system at the minimum possible distance from the tube, it will reduce the likelihood of blockage of the sanitary device;
• Other sanitary devices connected to the recommended above the sewer network connecting the toilet, it will eliminate the possibility of getting in faeces branch lines;
• Rotating the pipeline must be performed using several angular knee. For example, for two or three 45 ° to 30 °, this will provide more smooth rotation and to avoid clogging;
• Sewage risers compulsorily displayed on the roof, where it mounted extractor fans providing inside the sewer ventilation;
• The maximum distance plumbing connection devices to the riser must not exceed 3 m and 1 m toilet.

Installation and equipment for the sewage tank

For the installation of a septic tank, regardless of the model, it escapes the pit dimensions slightly larger than the container size. At the bottom of the pit sand airbag arranged about 10 cm thick. It is compacted and leveled as much as possible. For the installation of septic tanks into the excavation is recommended to use the lift construction equipment, as some models have a fairly significant weight. In most cases, provided the fasteners case. After installing the necessary capacity is aligned with the standards. The installation of the neck extension may be required depending on the design.

Related article:

The article describes how to make septic tank with your hands without pumping 10 years for home and garden. Description of requirements for the construction of the completed review of the effectiveness of technologies and ready-made models with features and prices. This information will help to implement the project quickly, at a reasonable cost.

Important! To prevent deformation by an external pressure during concrete pouring and dusting soil septic tank filled with water. If the installation is carried above the level of soil freezing, it is necessary to insulate the structure using foam.

In the vicinity of the septic tank is arranged filtration or other structure well discharge of treated wastewater. At the bottom of the pit Open-theft pours gravel, with a particle size not less than 40-60 mm. Install monolithic reinforced rings or perforated. The outside of the rings is carried gravel dusting. Inside the filter is formed of sand and gravel layer to a meter in height. Set top breaker plate to prevent leaching of the sand, which will fall out of the septic tank effluent. On top of the filter closes well reinforced concrete lid with holes for the hatch and air duct.

Laying tube from the reservoir to the home

When laying their hands pipeline connecting the internal sewer system and external treatment plants is important to observe the required slope angle that is 2 cm by 1 m per unit length. If possible the pipeline should go straight without bending. If necessary, change the direction of rotation in place of the audit is arranged well. Pipeline depth should be at least half a meter, and under the roadway 70 cm. If the specified depth is above the level of soil freezing is performed using mineral wool insulation mats. Connecting pipe for septic tank via the rubber seal, since the connection structure must be rigid.

Video how to spend the sewers in private house - connection to an external septic tank:

Methods of increasing the efficiency of sewage system

In order to improve the efficiency of the sewage system of a private house, and ensure long-term continuous operation, it is enough to observe a few simple rules:

• Systematically perform washing the inner and outer pipeline large amount of hot water;
• Avoid penetration into sewerage system waste fats, especially animal, cooled fat harden on the walls and can cause blockages;
• Implement timely pumping sediment weight of the septic tank;
• Use of sanitary appliances, especially in kitchen sink and bathroom, musorouloviteley protective nets, in order to prevent hair, dirt and other insoluble waste drain.

Price under the sewer device key in a private house

The main share of the autonomous sewerage system cost for a private account for a septic tank. Today's manufacturers offer a wide range of models with different performance characteristics:

Photo	Title	The number of users, heating	Volume, m3	Turer produ-ness L / day	Cost, rub
	Tanks 2	Until 3	200	800	32 700
	Biotank 4	Up to 4	250	800	55 000
	TOPAS 4	Up to 4	200	800	77 000

The cost of PVC pipes and fittings, which are used to connect the plumbing fixtures, wiring internal sewer system and its connection to the septic tank average from 10 to 15% of the total battery sewer system.

findings

Do the right thing sewers in a private home, as it is prescribed sanitary and building regulations, it is difficult. However, deviation from specifications can not only lead to malfunction of the sewerage system or the appearance of unpleasant odors, but also cause a disease. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the planning and design stage of connection diagrams. In case of any problems, it is desirable to consult with experienced plumbers are not interested in the implementation of any product.