Grinding machine: how it works, types, how to choose, manufacturers

Grinding surface - a complex mechanical process. In addition, to achieve a perfectly flat surface hard manual labor. This was dictated by the emergence of such a power as a grinder.

How does the grinder

The basis of the action sander laid abrasive effect of friction on the surface treated with a base tool.

There are several principles of operation of the tool:

• Vibration. Characterized translational return movement.
• Circular. The movement occurs around an axis.
• Combined (eccentric). Combines two principles work - axial rotation and vibration.
• Continuous linear. Typically for a belt type tool.

Work must be done in the following sequence:

• Connect the equipment to an outlet;
• provide a comfortable grip hand;
• include;
• wait for the unit to gain momentum;
• bring to the surface and start grinding.

By following the steps, you can avoid injury and damage to the device.

Any grinder has the following elements in its design:

• Engine. The most common collector, in the most modern models can be bezkollektorny. But the cost of the second option is quite high. But does not require periodic replacement of brushes.
• Food: Network, battery, pneumatics.
• Working platformTo which is secured replaceable abrasive sheets, tapes, disks.
• Lever. Depending on the model, can handle 1-2.
• Control system. Enable / disable, speed control. The well-known brands have additional Auto Adjust. At a time when resurfacing begins, due to the friction force machine performance falls.

  In the professional equipment is a sensor that monitors the speed that allows to maintain the desired intensity of torque.

• Disk. diameter of the disc depends on the engine power. The higher the possibility of the unit, the larger the size of the disk can be used.

Depending on the type of grinder can be differences in the structure.

Types and functions of grinding machines

Strict classification in the grinding power is not present. Some of them referred to the principle of work, the other - on the specifics of the device, and the third - on the specifics of the application.

Grinding polishing machine

The name speaks for itself, this technique is used to finish the surface polishing and restoration work. This equipment is used in the automotive industry and the finish mopping lacquered wooden products, including flooring. By the principle of action available orbital and eccentric model.

Polishing machines have the following specifications:

• power consumption 901 - 1200 watts. At the same time it should be a quality reducer. Compared with angle grinders (angle grinder) it has a large transmitting torque.
• The maximum diameter of disk 181 - 230 mm, for outdoor vehicles and it can be 800 mm.
• The weight. The greater the power of the engine, the harder it will be and overall equipment itself. For polishing works, which are considered to be thin, it is better to take a small unit of up to 2 kg.
• The number of revolutionsin the 600 to 3000 rev / min. Do not forget that the figure given in the idle position, under the action of the friction force and increase the rate will fall.

Additional functions:

• the auto-speed. This function will output on the output and the predetermined parameter, thereby greatly enhancing the quality of the polished surface.
• Smooth start - an important feature that at start-up will not allow the equipment to jump out of your hands, and will not happen spatter in all directions using a polishing liquid.
• Protection against accidental activation. As far as this is useful for polishing machines, to decide individually.
• Overload protection. To this end, the equipment does not provide high speed and constructive involves the special structure of the gearbox, which is able to withstand the increased load.
• Connecting dust collector. Polishing machines are used more for the finish polishing, in which there is no significant dust. Therefore, this function is not so important. But if you plan to frequently use and cleaning, it is better to provide a model with such an opportunity.

Accessories and equipment for polishing machines depend on the scope of application:

• discs. It can be soft and polishing materials and abrasive. Fastening occurs to the platform by means of clips or Velcro. The second option is more demanded.
• Additional handle It gives a comfortable grip. News for of larger models.
• bar need when working with hard to reach places.
• case. Branded default tool has a "package" - provides secure storage and movement of equipment.
• Dust Collector. Depending on the intensity of the "dirty" work. When high performance is better to use manual vacuum cleaner construction.

There are models that work on the network, battery, compressor. The first two are used for domestic purposes and in a semi-sphere.

angle grinder

Universal angle grinder (LBM) is designed for cutting and processing of different materials: metal, ceramics, tiles, concrete, plastic, laminated veneer lumber, wood. This tool is in its form factor is an important difference from the previous one - high speed. Due to the versatility of use.

Used for short-term work without overloads. Grinding produced LBM, coarser, suitable for cleaning than for final polishing.

By design, LBM can be one-handed and two-handed. The second type refers to the professional line.

Specifications:

• power consumption. Handed (residential use) - 600-900 watts 1200-1500 watts, two-handed - 1800 - 2100 watts.
• The maximum disk diameter> 230 mm. For such supplies laps recommended speed 8,000 - 10,000 rpm / min for small - 10001 - 12000 rev / min. For domestic use used disks 116 - 125 mm. They can do and sweep the ground, and rough grinding.
• The number of revolutions depends on the power consumption, so a very large range of values ​​from 1000 to 12000 rev / min. Considered optimal working range of 4000 - 6000 rev / min.
• Weight and dimensions. These parameters also depend on the power and equipment reach 4.5 kg.

Additional features can make your work more comfortable:

• Auto-speed. This option demand intensive use of equipment as the grinding machine. This avoids rapid wear LBM.
• Soft start, protection against accidental activation. It helps to avoid jerk at startup. Provides safe use.
• Overload protection. An important feature, especially if you are not available Auto-speed in the instrument.

Accessories: cutting and polishing wheels of various kinds.

Power supply: network, battery, pneumatics.

Straight grinder

The device is used for cleaning and finish grinding hard to reach places. For this purpose, conical, cylindrical abrasive nozzle, soft small diameter. The feature of this instrument - compactness.

The equipment itself is presented in the form of a small knob.

Specifications:

• Average power consumption straight grinder is in the range of 600 to 900 watts. This is due to miniaturization of the device.
• The maximum diameter ≤ 115 mm discs. There are also more powerful machines to be mounted consumables diameter 126 - 150 mm.
• Turnover of such equipment reach> 12,000 rev / min. Please be aware that the smaller the number, the more torque t. E. at loads will not occur device overheating.
• The weight. The best is from 1.3 to 1.7 kg.

Additional functions.

• Speed ​​control. The equipment is used for different types of surfaces, so due to attend a function.
• Avtoregulyator speed. Specificity straight grinders - "piece of work". Therefore, this option will not be superfluous.
• Desirably, the motor protection against dust has been provided.
• Another interesting option is the flexible "trunk" to work in remote inaccessible places.
• Stand, lock.

Accessories in direct machine:

• conical, spherical, cylindrical shaped abrasive stones;
• abrasive, soft circles;
• drill;
• cutlets.

Power supply: network, battery; pneumatics. The latter type of connection used in the production of professional equipment, high power.

Belt sanders

Belt sander (LSM) - the most famous and popular form. The base unit has two rollers, which are pulled closed abrasive belt. It applies such a machine for primary treatment of wood surfaces.

When scrolling tape and moving equipment to the base layer is removed to 1 mm. Works produced along the fiber, this provides a smooth base quality. Processing transverse fibers will give roughness. It can be used for removing old paint layer.

Taking into account design features, tape machine to cope with bad working with metal and plastic. Equipment associated with high performance, which could lead to heat the base due to friction force and deformation.

Qualitatively perform the processing does not work, and threatens to wear consumables.

There are models for the treatment of convex and concave surfaces.

Belt sanders have the following specifications:

• Power consumption. Lineup is big enough, there are also low-power equipment with narrow bands (601 - 900 W) and powerful units (1501 - 1800 W).
• The length and width of the tape depends on the engine capacity. The first dimension is in the range of 400 - 600 mm. Second, from 65 to 110 mm.
• The rotational speed of the device in the range of from 200 to 700 m / min. Suitable for domestic use of the machine with performance of 200 - 300 m / min.
• The weight. The average parameter to 4 kg. For high power units may be up to 6 kg.

Additional functions:

• Speed ​​control. It allows to work not only with wood bases, but also with plastic.
• Protection against accidental activation. The need for this function is solved individually.
• Overload protection. As a rule, LSM rarely equipped with speed control and automatic regulator, so this option is desirable to provide.
• Connect the dust collector. So the Clippers, this option is required. Processing of wood surfaces, especially at high speeds, forms a lot of dust.
• Headlight and tape tension.
• Bounding box, it allows to remove the same layer at different sections.

Accessories - grinding belts with different size abrasive.

Packaging: case (usually found in more expensive models), dust collector (with functions in the equipment), clamps, clips, bounding box. Clamp help fix permanently LSM. Power supply: network, battery, pneumatics.

Sander

The equipment is used for fine finish grinding and polishing. The operating principle of the circular and reciprocating motion that resembles the motion of the planets in orbit. Therefore, the device has received another name - the orbital. It is this distinctive feature and gives the output surface with a high quality.

They can not be permanently installed for the treatment of small parts because of excessive vibration.

ESHM (Sander) is in the form of a flat sole plate, on which the working wheels are mounted by means of fastening or Velcro. For the removal of dust on the basis of the working tool is provided perforation. For thin and polishing work does not require a powerful momentum.

Main technical data:

• Power consumption can be ≤ 300 W or in the range of 300 - 600 watts. ESHM characteristic that Turnover dropped high power consumption, and low - high.
• The maximum diameter of disk 215 mm. It considered optimal in the range of 126 - 150 mm.
• The number of revolutions and the number of oscillations. Unlike other types of grinding machines have ESHM exactly two characteristics. The first may be of ≤ 4000 rev / min and as high as 12,000 revolutions / min. The number of oscillations will be 2 times more than the speed.
• The weight. In such machines a small mass in the range of 1.2 -3 kg. For work that requires a large pressure. Quality is achieved through the action of the principle at low speeds.
• An important characteristic is the amplitude of the movement. The median of 3-5 mm.

Additional functions:

• Speed ​​control. Option for delicate work is needed to expand the range of machined surfaces.
• Avtoregulyator speed. Its presence is required for intensive use of equipment.
• Connecting to a dust collector. ESHM for this function is relevant because the work taking place with the emergence of a large number of fine dust.
• Control of pressure. This system helps to make a uniform pressure for removal of the same layer.

Top of the range: the additional handle, the rod (for operation in confined spaces), detachable line cord, carrying case, dust collector. Power supply: network, battery. Accessories for such equipment - wheels with different abrasive grit.

Vibroshlifovalnaya machine

Another name - Surface. It is used for fine polishing and grinding work. This may be wooden surface after sanding and fillings. The principle of operation is based on reciprocation. The amplitude of the motion is insignificant, with a high speed.

The rate of work depends on its area. Grinding sheets may be attached via Velcro, clips or the combined mount.

There is a dust extraction system. To do this, on the bottom of the sheets and a special perforation. processing quality depends on abrasive sanding sheets and speed.

Specifications:

• Power consumption in the range of ≤ 300 watts.
• The platform has a rectangular shape of width 75 to 115 mm, the length from 104 to 330 mm.
• The number of revolutions in the high range of 8,000 - 10,000 rev / min, 10000 - 12000 rev / min,> 12,000 rev / min, depending on the model.
• The magnitude of the amplitude of movement from 1.5 to 4.5 mm.
• By weight from 1.2 to 2 kg.

Important additional functions:

• Speed ​​control. This will expand the possibilities for use.
• Avtoregulyator speed. It helps qualitatively perform fine finish polishing.
• Soft start, protection against accidental activation, overload protection is solved individually depends on the intensity of labor.
• Connecting to a dust collector. Current option will help reduce contamination of the premises.
• Control of pressure.

Accessories: abrasive fabric and sheets, meshes with sputtering. Maximum configuration: Case, Rod, additional handle, dust collector. Power supply: network, battery.

Deltashlifovalnaya machine

This option is a kind of equipment for surface grinding machines. It has the same function and similar characteristics. The only difference is in the form of a platform that resembles an iron. This allows you to work with intricate details and produce grinding in inaccessible places (corners, joints).

Stenoshlifovalnaya machine

The device is designed for the grinding of the walls, ceiling, floor, issued on the basis of eccentric and vibration machines.

Weight together with the rod reaches 6-8 kg.

Specifications are the same as in vibration or eccentric machines.

Additional functions

• Governor / oscillations. This option will increase the types of work surfaces.
• Avtoregulyator. It will allow for uniform removal of the grinding layer.
• Overload protection. Despite the small capacity, remote management of equipment does not allow to control the level of pressure, so it is better to provide this function.
• Control of pressure. For this device the actual function.
• Connecting to a vacuum cleaner. For use in the construction and finishing works better provide. This will reduce the emission of harmful dust in the atmosphere of the room.

Accessories: grids with different spraying, abrasive and tissue attachment. Maximum configuration: Case, bar, auxiliary handle.

Grinder for stone and concrete

There are two variants of the device: for dry and wet cleaning. This equipment is widely used in construction and decoration. It can be used to align and monolithic concrete floors, cleaned surface of the old coating and welds, remove scratches.

The support sole is formed as a circle. On it are mounted grinding wheels, cutting heads.

By the principle of action it may be eccentric, vibration machines.

Specifications for manual equipment type:

• Power consumption in the range of 900 - 1500 watts. May occur more powerful machines.
• The maximum size of the disc up to 800 mm. For manual aggregates is optimally 125 mm.
• The number of revolutions depending on the model of the average value of ≤ 4000 rev / min.
• Weight of hand sets an average of 2-3 kg. Flooring embodiments may be up to 124 kg.

Additional functions

• Speed ​​control. It extends the scope of application.
• Avtoregulyator speed for manual models allows you to work with uniform load.
• For such equipment is actual soft start, protection against accidental activation, overload protection.
• Connecting to a dust collector. Mandatory function. Grinding stone and concrete surfaces is accompanied by large amounts of dust.

Accessories are presented in the form of cutters, grinding wheels. Top of the range for manual models: Case, additional handle (provides comfortable grip), dust collector. Power supply: network, battery, pneumatics.

Brush sander

A brush grinding machine is widely used for cleaning surfaces from paint coatings, rye. Interestingly its application in carpentry to highlight the texture of wood surfaces, aging. It can be made thin polishing and grinding.

The principle of operation is similar to the action of the tape machine.

Average specifications:

• Power consumption in the range of 901 - 1200 Vt, 1201 - 1500 watts.
• The diameter of the rollers is 120 mm.
• The number of revolutions 1000 - 3000 rev / min.
• Weight 4-5kg devices.

Additional functions:

• Speed ​​control. Required because the polishing and cleaning surfaces occurs at different rates.
• Avtoregulyator speed. A useful feature for a uniform surface treatment.
• Mechanical adjustment of the grinding depth.

Accessories: cushions in the form of metal brushes, abrasive plastics, nylon. Maximum configuration: case. Power supply: network, battery.

Benefits

Polishers have indisputable advantages:

• The speed of the grinding work is several times higher than in machining.
• Physical costs are significantly lower than with manual grinding.
• The quality of the surface. The presence of additional functions in the device allows to remove the uniform layer from all over the plane.
• During mechanical grinding dust must constantly clean. Modern power tools equipped with a dust collector, or can be connected to a vacuum cleaner, that the "dirty work" makes clear.
• A wide range of models allows you to choose exactly the right model for the specific material.
• Various applications of the "gold-work" to the construction of timber houses.
• The main advantage of sanders do a tedious and heavy mechanical work fast and quality effortlessly.

disadvantages

When operating sanders have several drawbacks:

• Works are made in several stages, with the change of sanding discs / sheets or different tools.
• Dead zones. They have each machine. Modifying have mechanically or acquire a narrow instrument (straight grinder, deltashlifmashinka).
• Price - option. Additional features are deposited on the cost of the equipment. Saving for buying, purchased repair costs.
• The presence of counterfeits of famous brands.

How to choose a grinding machine

To select any power to follow to determine the following:

• The scope and field of application. This option allows you to focus on a particular type of equipment, and will be determined with accessories and a complete set.
• The intensity of the operation. Help select the desired power, speed.
• Possibility to connect to the network. In this case, it will be easier to decide what kind of food should be at sanders - Network, battery, pneumatics.
• Budget. Solved individually, it helps to announce the seller the price segment in which to search for a suitable model.
• Manufacturer. Better to give preference to well-known brands.
• Guarantee. Warranty terms and conditions and the availability of the service center.
• Ergonomics. Before buying should hold in their hands the instrument. Feel how it will be convenient to use.

These are the items that will facilitate the choice of instrument. It should be remembered that savings when buying can lead to additional costs for repair in the future.

Which is better

When choosing a sander can not unambiguously say which tool is better to buy. We can only identify some of the distinctive characteristics, which should pay attention.

• For polishing cars, painted surfaces better to take polishing machines.
• For rough processing wood surfaces - strip, corner sanders. Have high productivity.
• To finish grinding, polishing wood paintings - and orbital vibrator.
• For jobs direct and deltashlifmashinki.
• For cleaning surfaces, highlight texture suitable brush.
• For building needs better to take stenoshlifovalnye machines for concrete / stone device.

From the point of view of safety and comfort, it is better to take the equipment, which has the following options:

• avtoregulyator control and speed;
• protection against accidental start-up;
• grinding depth regulator;
• connection to a dust collector and its availability;
• the ability to quickly change the consumables;
• easy assembly / disassembly for maintenance;
• additional handle;
• the presence of engine protection against dust pollution.

This will help to carry out high quality work and prevent the risk of rapid deterioration of the equipment.

Exploitation

After completing the sander should be thoroughly cleaned and periodically lubricate the moving parts. If the dust bag has become worse absorb dust it is necessary to disassemble and clean.

It is recommended to use consumables with the characteristics declared by the manufacturer. Must be controlled so that the power cord does not enter the work zone devices and to prevent overheating of the equipment. Keep the device has to be in a dry heated area.

All these measures will prevent the rapid wear of machines.

When working with the equipment should comply with the security measures and the use of protective goggles and a respirator with dust protection.

Guarantee

A very important factor when choosing and buying a tool is needed for warranty service. Period shall be either the manufacturer or the seller.

Warranty does not apply if the service center proves that the failure reason is due to improper operation, storage, transportation.

Most often, the warranty does not cover mechanical parts polishers, only items that are set in motion when you turn, automation.

Therefore, you should carefully examine the instrument and check on the performance of the acquisition.

In the event of a breakdown should contact the service center, which is specified in the passport for the equipment. If it is proved that the case of warranty, the buyer is entitled to demand: repair or replacement, or refund.

frequent faults

sanders design is not very complicated. A repair is carried out by replacing the defective parts with new ones. The engines are used in a power tool collector, they are characterized by low weight and good power.

Key parts that can fail:

• Carbon brushes. It is a consumable, which has its own life and must be replaced periodically. Check not oxidized copper plates, which are adjacent brushes. Oxidation remove with a rubber eraser.
• The breakdown of the winding. Independent repair is not possible, you want to completely remove the winding reel and the new.
• Malfunction of the buttons, wiring (eventually erased retainer and pad). It is not only correct, but also to establish the cause of this failure.
• rotor bearings. When a fault is detected - replace.
• Conical pair worn gears - replacement.
• When overloading machine stitching gear teeth (with an increase in the wear of the teeth increases play) - to be replaced.

Manufacturers of grinding machines

In the market there are a large number of producers of sanders. Consider the main brands:

AEG. Specialization household appliances and power tools. This company has established itself as a quality supplier of equipment for wood processing, which can be attributed polishers. Focus - powerful reliable engines. Special attention deserve the rechargeable model.

The warranty period is 12 months from the date of purchase.

Black & Decker. Specialization and garden power tools. The equipment belongs to the category of household. They are three different categories of colors: red, silver, green. Warranty of 24 months the plant.

Bort. SBL is included in the group of companies. Range extensive enough: garden machinery, power tools (drills, spray guns), home appliances (refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.), car device. The warranty period of 24 months.

Bosch. It specializes in power production, garden equipment. There are also professional line, and for household needs. The price range varies. High level of service.

The warranty period can be up to 36 months.

Defort. SBL is included in the group of companies. Rather extensive range of garden machinery, power tools, appliances, devices for cars.

The warranty period of 24 months.

DeWALT. Specialization - professional power tools. One of the most popular brands on the market today that meets all safety standards, reliability and durability.

The original tool on each part of the body has a letter stamped logo. Products are produced only in the yellow-black case. Particular attention is paid to the availability of maintenance, work safety and ecology.

The warranty period to 36 months.

FELISATTI. It specializes in professional tools and equipment for the release of Building and Woodworkers. Much attention is paid to new technologies. The warranty period is 24 months from date of purchase.

Hammer. The company produces professional household tools. Specialization woodworking. The warranty period of 36 months.

Hitachi. Produce electric tools and equipment for industry, medicine, construction and domestic purposes. Reliability, quality and durability of the equipment proved for years of faithful service.

The warranty period of 36 months, at 12 months the batteries.

Interskol. Russian manufacturer. Located in the middle segment and the price and quality. Grinding machines of the plant proved to be reliable. Manufactures tools for woodworking, concrete work, garden tools.

The warranty period of 12 months.

Kalibr. Russian producer, not so long ago appeared on the market. Low price and good quality. The warranty period of 12 months.

Makita. The company's products include a professional. Tools are available gasoline, electric, rechargeable. The warranty period of 12 months. In case of repair it is extended by the time spent in the service center.

Metabo. Releasing the tool for construction, metal processing, garden. Products belong to the professional line. The warranty period of 36 months, including on a lithium battery that serves as a guarantor of quality.

Skil. Producing garden, home and professional tool. The warranty period of 12-24 months, but since the first customer purchase. Those. Considering that the first customer is a dealer, then to a simple consumer equipment can be reached with the term of the guarantee from the seller.

The list submitted by the manufacturer of grinding machines is far from complete. It should be noted that at times of a famous brand might be hiding defective equipment. To be safe, you can ask whether the criticism and what it in the service center of the Seller or that device.