Truck tires: types, types, device manufacturers

Truck wheels are experiencing much more serious load than that of passenger cars. This is not only because of the increased ten times the mass, but also the operating conditions.

Trucks and buses to travel long distances every day, and the average annual mileage is calculated six figures. Accordingly, the tires of heavy vehicles should be strong with all the nuances of operation.

Types of truck tires

Truck manufacturers and carriers, choosing the right tires for your vehicle, taking into account four main factors.

Tread. The tire with the road pattern and designed to travel only on the asphalt. Their antipode - off-road tires, the tread having a severe deep wide grooves.

There are universal tires. They are used on the roads as asphalt, and on rough terrain.

road conditions. The types of coatings that use trucks are very different.

• Buses and commercial vehicles are common in urban areas, they move only on smooth asphalt, and in winter the roads are cleaned and sprinkled with reagents. Public transport goes with frequent and regular stops and accelerations.
• Intercity trains also rare and off the asphalt pavement. They are almost always move at the speed limit, while rarely stop. However, in winter the road is not cleared as city streets.
• Construction equipment used in highly corrosive coatings, riding on which at normal wheels will inevitably cause frequent punctures.
• Haul trucks, military trucks for transportation of personnel often travel on rough terrain than on public roads. They require off-road tires with high tread.

truck Weight. Tires are matched to the car's load capacity calculation.

Axis, which will set the wheel truck. Rotary, leading axles or trailer is required to take into account the different operating characteristics.

tread type

Winter tires on most trucks and buses are not set, so the type of tread pattern in more envy on the road conditions.

road tires designed for asphalt. They have good qualities on smooth roads, providing a smaller consumption of fuel stability as well as acceleration and braking performance. Besides road tires the most comfortable and quietest.

However, the country road or off-road, all these properties are lost, the tire wears out faster, and considerably inferior patency off-road models.

Off-road tires have developed cleats. Their width is proportional to the recesses of the tread. If they are of insufficient size, quickly clogged with dirt will start to slip and become as useless as the road.

Developed lugs forced the earth's surface and allows the wheels to be repelled effectively, providing confident driving in mud, snow, deep sand. Dirt does not clog the tread and flies due to its directional pattern.

Besides speed must not exceed 60-70 km / h, faster - unsafe.

When driving on a flat surface such wheels emit a lot of noise and not comfortable. But as they are installed on a special and military equipment, these parameters are not so important.

Universal bus - medium variant. They are used on cars to move both on asphalt and on the country road and off-road to easy. Their main advantage - a sure grip on most types of coatings.

The tread is composed of two different parts: the figure in the middle of the road, and the lugs on the edge. In operation, the fuel consumption increases by 10-15%. Universal tires used on dump trucks, concrete mixers and other construction equipment.

Types of truck tires

Production of universal truck stopped, to increase the efficiency and economy, the technique produces highly directional.

For long-distance and international carriersDeveloped special tires that meet all the specific characteristics of use. The main of them - the permanent load, high speed and braking rare.

Sparing conditions allow to focus on reducing fuel consumption, rather than flexibility and permeability. Attention is paid to reduction of rolling resistance and stability at high speeds. This type of wheels is as close to slicks (smooth road tires), shallow and narrow groove. This increases the wear resistance and service life.

On shorter regional transport conditions more difficult. Road trains pass and high-quality tracks, and broken asphalt that are rarely cleaned in winter. In addition the car call in the city, where one has to stand in traffic jams and sharp maneuver.

Just improved controllability and reduced braking distances on poor roads.

Transportation in the city Operating conditions are similar to regional, but have their own nuances. Frequent stops and accelerations lead to heat and abrasion rubber. On the other hand, the city streets are regularly cleaned during the winter.

The most severe conditions for the wheels - construction transportation. Tires for trucks, concrete mixers, cranes must behave confidently and on the pavement, and a soft ground. Building debris tearing the soft tire, so important for special puncture resistance.

Cars equipped with a rubber tread developed with a large number of transverse and longitudinal grooves. Drawing "Christmas tree" is very common, it helps to cleanse itself while driving. Construction technique is best suitable universal protector.

Load indices and speed

Table of ERTRO standards regulate some of the most important operating parameters of tires.

Speed ​​and load indexes are listed on the side of the wheel. They define the limit values ​​for this model.

For example, the inscription 155/152 L. The first digit indicates the permissible maximum load on the axle with one wheel on the side of the second - to double. The letter indicates the speed limit. In this case, these values ​​respectively: 3875 kg 3550 kg 120 km / h. If the letter in the marking is absent, the permissible limit speed is 110 km / h.

Table load index truck tires

Table speed index

marking

Sidewall truck tire bears the full information on the performance and design. Inscription, depending on the models differ.

12.00R21. The letter R indicates that the tire is a radial. 12 - width in inches. 21 - the diameter of the disk, suitable for a tire. Numerals 00 are designated full-face model trucks.

14-20. Tire between the numbers indicates that the diagonal bus;

• 14 - width;
• 20 - rim size.

width sizes can be represented in millimeters (eg: 325R19, 355-21).

The position on the axis defined by letters:

• F - For steered wheels,
• D - leading,
• T - for semi-trailers and trailers,
• Z - steering and other.

Special Purpose Operating conditions marked by the letters A, E, N, Y. The first type is suitable for motorways, the second - for the city and regional transport.

The letter Y denotes tires suitable for construction machinery.

Manufacturers used and other important designations.

• Tubeless model are marked by Tubeless, tire, which must be operated with the camera - Tube Type.
• Installation products labeled Inside and Outside the first must be secured from the outside, and the latter inside. This rule applies for dual wheels.
• Left / Right is attached to the left and right sides, respectively.
• This means that the tire is directional. The arrow indicates in which direction it should rotate.
• Max Pressure regulates the maximum pressure.
• All season - designated inscription All Season.
• For dirt snow accompanied mark M & S (Mud and Snow).
• Models designed specifically for driving in rainy weather, marked "umbrella" or inscriptions Water, Aqua, Rain.
• Reduce fuel consumption with Energy tires marked.

Location on the shaft

Modern tires are designed for bus-buses and commercial vehicles and heavy-divided into three classes depending on the position on the axis:

• for leading,
• manageable
• trailer.

For each type of operation conditions are different and have specific features.

front axle

When designing tires for the front axle is taken into account the fact that it affects all control machine motion. It notes that when slowing and stopping basic truck weight puts strain on the front wheels. Thus, they are dependent braking performance and handling of transport.

Tires on wheels driven has numerous distinct longitudinal grooves to facilitate water drainage. On summer models of the transverse grooves are almost nonexistent.

Winter and off wheels have pronounced transverse tread. In the first case it is necessary for a reliable start to the snow and ice cover in the second - to hook on soft and loose surfaces.

Rear axle

From the master axis is required cause the car to move. It is therefore necessary to provide a reliable maximum wheels toe with the road, regardless of the quality of its coating. Without the express cross pattern to make it possible only on dry pavement, if it turns dirt or ice under the wheels, then the task will be very difficult.

Protector has pronounced, wide grooves, and the more complex use of the vehicle, so they are deeper.

Rubber for long-haul tractors with grooves only on the edge of the wheel, while the dump trucks and other construction machinery are the most extended and deepened.

Trailers and semi-trailers

Such tires have a very uncomplicated structure. They have the easiest job. It is not necessary either to propel or control the road train. Their main task - to minimize resistance to movement, to save fuel.

Tires for trailers pattern similar to the control, but the longitudinal grooves are not as hypertrophic and cross may not be. To prevent accidents on the road installation of steering tires on the trailer is prohibited.

Universal

Universal models of products for trucks used as the master, and the steering axles. Practiced such a scheme in order to save new tires are installed on the front axle, as they wear to go back.

Apparatus Truck Tires

Tread. The main function - an effective grip with the road surface. Preferably protector having two layers: a core and a surface. Origin has better thermal conductivity rates for rapid cooling of the tire. The surface is durable and tenacious.

steel belt. steel cord, rubber-protected basis. It retains the shape and structure, reduces rolling resistance and increases driving stability and durability.

steel casing. Determines the smoothness and driving comfort.

The inner layer - and prevents diffusion of air to maintain the humidity level.

Sidewall It protects against side impacts. It is made of rubber derivatives.

Strengthening annular rod It distributes the pressure between the rod and the steel cord.

The annular core produces tires fit tightness on the rim of the disc.

diagonal

The frame diagonal patterns is a rubberized gasket cord entwined around their edges circular rods.

multiple filament cord layers (usually four) are crossed with each other. This design is considered obsolete, but diagonal tires continue to produce trucks. They are cheaper to produce and better able to resist cuts and punctures.

Benefits diagonal truck tires:

• In comparison with radial analogues they have a simple structure. This means that their cost is lower and higher maintainability.
• A high level of comfort when driving on rough roads and easing stress.
• sidewall rubber more durable.

Disadvantages diagonal truck tires:

• Tread susceptible to deformation at high loads and vibrations. Because of what compressed groove, and the properties of the product deteriorate.
• Diagonal, the most inferior radial Performance. Fuel consumption is greater handling and braking worse.

radial

In the radial tire ply cords are directed from one side to the other and do not intersect, as in the diagonal.

Brecker performs a significant part of the frame work. It is made from the steel cord (2-3 layers), a thin tether composed of wires made of steel with a diameter of 0.15-0.30 mm.

Radial tires are of two types:

1. a steel cord breaker and synthetic fibers in the carcass,
2. textile fibers and synthetic breaker in a frame.

The advantages of radial truck tires:

• Secure grip due to the larger contact patch and the use of steel cord belt.
• The deformation of the tread is reduced due to the use of rigid belt.
• Higher maximum speed and load capacity. Heating is reduced by 20-30%.
• The bearing capacity of more than 10-15%, 15-30% elasticity.
• Increased safety due to better adhesion to the surface (dry and wet), stability and controllability.
• Less risk of damage of the tread band.

Disadvantages of radial truck tires:

• The increasing complexity of design increases the price.
• Cords placed radially reduce the strength of the side wall. On roads, in a deep rut and at low pressure in the tire, tires vulnerable to damage.

Tube and tubeless

Radial models can be tube and tubeless. First appeared much earlier and therefore less technical. Air is pumped into the chamber disposed within the tire. Because of this, they are vulnerable to punctures.

If the camera is damaged, the wheel descends almost instantly, and to do so may not only a sharp object on the road, but also to wear cord. To the chamber was flat, wrinkle-free, its size must be smaller internal space of the tire.

To inflate the air chamber is connected to a valve. This special valve, its size and shape depends on the type of tire and the holes in the rim.

Externally tubeless models little different from the above models. The inner coating is made of rubber layer 2-3 mm thick air impermeable. The surface of the bead is made of elastic rubber providing sealing.

That is why the tubeless tires are considered much safer. Repair can be performed without removing the tire from the disk, the hole is sealed by special sealing material.

The advantages of tubeless models do not end there. They have a lower weight, which has a positive effect on all the dynamic performance and fuel consumption. Furthermore they are weaker heat at movement, due to lack of friction camera and better cooling. Lower temperatures reduce wear.

The disadvantages of using tubeless products include the complexity of repair major damage and the need for a smooth and clean rim to maintain tightness.

When inflating air bubbles are formed between the chamber and the inner side of the tire. In these areas, the wheel will overheat.

Removal and installation

When removing the tire from the rim Rim should remember a few rules:

• Before removing the need to check whether the correct landing on the rim.
• Air descends completely unscrewing the valve. At this time there is beside the wheel is dangerous.
• It is forbidden to influence on the tires and wheels foreign objects.

Safety during installation:

• Before you collect and pump up the tire, check the tire in the presence of foreign objects, cuts, damage to the cord.
• The new tire is recommended to use new flippers and cameras.
• The camera should be clean and dry.
• It is not recommended to handle the wheel and benzosoderzhaschimi silicone compositions, it is best to use a specialized lubricant.
• When inflating use protective cage and the pressure measuring device with a long hose.
• Check valve in the ability to hold air.
• It is important to control the landing wheels elements.

When mounting the truck tires are prohibited:

• use bent or damaged chamber;
• pump wheel pressure over 2 bar without protection;
• installing the circlip during inflation;
• work on the bus or drive foreign objects;
• pump up the deflated tire without checking for damage tires and inner tubes.

How to store?

To the wheels longer maintain their fitness and performance, not deformed, they are stored in special conditions.

If the wheel assembly, then they should be stored horizontally. However, it must be remembered that the height of the stack must be less than 1.5 m. Individual tires are stored in a vertical position.

The room must be appropriate and meet the following conditions:

• Lack of sunlight (its direct rays).
• In the room there should be no devices that produce ozone.
• Absence of heaters and heating sources near the storage site.
• Petroleum products and chemicals in close proximity to adversely affect the condition of the rubber.
• The room should be dry.

Before installation check rubber inside and outside the presence of moisture and condensation, and when it detects dry wheel.

The pressure in the wheel

The main cause damage to the wheels - not adjusted the tire pressure.

twice a week is recommended to check the pressure gauge. Verification is carried out on cold tire before driving. When the wheel load pressure is changed to 20%, which is acceptable for truck tires due to their design.

Excess and insufficient pressure lead to undesirable consequences, increasing wear.

The wheel does not dampen the shocks from the road surface and the whole load on the suspension and bodywork.

Insufficient pressure in the tire leads to its uneven wear - shoulder area abraded intensely, there is a tendency to form sawtooth wear. Handling and stability on the road deteriorates, steering becomes unresponsive. On bad roads the tire excessively deformed, so exfoliate board and blow up the disc.

Manufacturers of truck tires

Bontyre

The official representative of the manufacturer and tire brand Bontayr - Volga tire company. Produces models for trucks, buses and passenger cars (for alloy wheels diameter of 15-24 inches).

The wheels are designed for roads with heavy conditions. Using the steel cord increases the strength, and the maximum permissible load. It is a guarantee uniform wear and increased mileage before replacement.

All cargo tires Bontayr be restored. The cost of the work is half the price of a new wheel. Run after reduction is equal to the distance which can be reached by the new tire.

Servicing includes a tire pressure monitoring and reduction tread depth. The manufacturer also makes recommendations about tire life up recovery, which increases the duration of their use.

Bridgestone

Japanese concern Bridgestone offers a large selection of truck tires, which are designed for light commercial vehicles and heavy-.

Specialization touches and road transportation, and construction equipment operating in difficult conditions of quarries and rough terrain. Freight tires Bridgestone often occupy high positions in the authoritative tests.

Doublestar

The company's engineers have done everything possible to ensure competitiveness. Mileage tire reaches 200 thousand kilometers. They withstand severe climate and road imperfectly coated.

At each stage of production, all products are subjected to impartial and strict quality control. The impressive production capacity and the products manufactured with the use of innovative technologies, Doublestar helped win recognition.

Fulda

Fulda - tires made in Germany. The company is based in the same city in 1900. Products provide all segments of the freight traffic in all road and weather conditions.

Fulda - a worthy combination of quality and reasonable price. The company is constantly studying users reviews, introducing new solutions, and provides a thorough review of production. This enabled her to confidently gain a foothold in one of the most demanding markets.

Kormoran

The company was founded in Poland in 1994 The brand is owned by the Michelin and manufactures products in its plants in Hungary, Romania and Poland. Michelin regulates all production standards and monitors the quality of the tires. Eminent manufacturer shares advanced developments and technologies.

Kormoran is constantly striving to improve the supply chain of components and raw materials, optimization of range and quality. Rubber is made of wear-resistant and cold-resistant compounds, which allows to achieve good coupling properties on any type of coating.

Tires withstand unpleasant surprises road that has been proven by tests.

Matador

The factory was founded in Slovenia in 1925. Turning to the ownership of Continental, the company has improved product quality.

Matador implements innovations and follows the latest innovations of the market. Freight tires Slovenian companies have proven quality products of economy class.

Michelin

In 2005, Michelin introduced a tire which have been manufactured using the latest technologies. They have improved all consumer quality wheels for the entire period of operation.

Every year the list of products is growing. All products are united by the common name of Durable Technologies (in translation - the durability of the technology).

Among the developments of the company says:

• Infinicoil - extra-metal cord, which surrounds the frame along the circumference. Its length is 400 meters. It increases the strength and load capacity of the tire.
• EnergyFlex - technology improves flexibility and reduces heat deformation when the wheel when driving. It is achieved by twisting the frame ropes. Reliability of the tire increases and increases fuel efficiency.
• Energy reduces heat generation during rolling loaded tire. It ensures safety and reduces fuel consumption.
• Carbion - one of the manufacturing technologies of the rubber composition which increases abrasion resistance and shortens the tread rolling resistance.

Sava

Sava - Slovenian company that produces tires for trucks. Owned by Goodyear concern.

The company applies new production technologies. One of them - multiradiusny protector designed Goodyear. It increases the rubber contact patch, improving braking performance, handling and stability.

Due multiradiusnogo tread Sava tires for trucks have a significant margin of safety with high load.

wheel design of reinforced reinforced sidewalls and a cord. This reduces the risk of destroying the tires from corrosion and mechanical damage. And reduced susceptibility to bad roads.

Tires Sava - one of the most preferred options in the middle price range. Great choice in different directions cargo and inflated price - the main advantages.

An important condition for a comfortable and safe movement - the right choice and operation of truck tires.