Electric floor heating: types of device, how to choose

Selection of a suitable embodiment of floor heating depends upon as the main or auxiliary heat source it will be used indoors. Consider all sources of heat in the house: the battery, heated towel railMobile heating device. Next, it is important to determine the compliance of the technical characteristics of construction materials and flat.

Elekticheskogo types of underfloor heating

Electric floors are divided into three types:

• infrared - heating function on the principle of infra-red radiation;
• termomaty - the room is heated by means of special thin cables (single / two-wire);
• cable - heating occurs by means of cable sections.

Varieties infrared designs:

• Membrane;
• rod.

Types of heating cable:

• design for thin floor;
• system, accumulating heat;
• Heating of direct action;
• under construction wood coating.

Apparatus electric underfloor

Infrared film consists of two layers of polymeric material, between which the carbon nanostructure (heating element). Material emits infrared light, the wavelength of 5-20 microns.

The design includes a carbon strip and the copper busbars. The band width - 1.5 cm. Tires silver coated were combined strip and electric current is passed.

On both sides of the heating element is protected by a special polymer that closes against moisture, fire, does not delay the infrared light.

Rod-infrared field is produced in the form of multiple rods connected in parallel via connecting wires of the flexible type. Inside the rod contains a mixture of silver and carbon, copper.

After contact of the electric current to the carbon occurs isolation thermal energy.

Termomaty manufactured using a thin cable, fixed on a glass fiber grid. To protect the special screen closes the heater core inside the cable, insulating material and an additional coating.

The heating temperature is adjusted by the thermostat. To the power outlet is connected due to cold wire whose length is not less than 2 m.

A special clutch is used to connect the heating cable and the cold. surface temperature is controlled by a thermostat and temperature sensors.

The function of the heating element, regardless of the system variants, the cable carries. It is divided into two types:

• resistive;
• self-regulating.

Resistive Cable is a one- or two-core. Single-core cable includes a metallic conductor and an insulation layer. In one two-wire cable core can perform the function of heating, the second - power. There may be two heating conductors.

From the outside, the cable is protected by braided metal and screen. The amount of energy that is released self-regulating cable, varies depending on the ambient temperature. The heating cable is supplied in the form of coils, rolls and sections.

Heating includes thermostats, temperature regulating and temperature sensors for deriving the information on the environmental conditions for effective operation.

Characteristics

Set of infrared floor consists of a film, installation cables, connection terminals, bitumen isolation, documentation (installation manuals, passports, security).

Specifications Infrared Film coating:

• length - 50 m;
• width - 0.5-1 m;
• thickness - 0,23-0,47 mm;
• temperature - 31 ° C;
• power consumption 1 m² - 25-35 W / h.

Technical characteristics of the rod-infrared coating:

• maximum length - 25 linear meters;
• width - 0.83 m;
• distance between rods - 0.10 m;
• temperature - 28-31 ° C;
• Power consumption - 24 W / h.

Specifications termomata:

• thickness - 4.5 mm;
• Width - 45 cm;
• The high temperature heating element - 90 ° C;
• Power consumption 80-220 W / h.

Included cable device has a heating element, temperature sensor, the thermostat, fasteners, documentation, including the mounting and the instruction circuit.

Technical characteristics of the cable floor heating:

• The high temperature heating element - 65 ° C;
• thickness - 7.5 mm;
• power consumption - 110-200 W / h.

pros

Infrared energy efficiency differs because converts radiant energy into heat. The design of cost-effective compared to cable systems. surface heating is on for several minutes.

When mechanical damage loses efficiency only the failed segment structure. The rest of the system continues to operate in the usual way. Space heating is uniform.

The coating process is not subjected to corrosion, resistant to fire. Possible to use the film in rooms with high load on the floor (in public places), and use of the material as a wall of the heat source. Other advantages:

1. Quick installation due to the absence of additional work. The installation takes no more than 1 day.
2. Operation is possible immediately after installation.
3. Installing structure for any floor covering without preconditioning and a base screed.
4. Using the thermostat adjusts the temperature in the room.
5. heating the air by means of infrared radiation not accompanied by changes in humidity.
6. IR assumes no harm to the human body, and vice versa - produces a therapeutic effect.

Mata is easy to install technology. Other advantages:

1. Rapid heating of the floor covering due to the close proximity to the surface;
2. The thickness (3-4 mm);
3. Uniform heating of the room;
4. No harmful radiation;
5. Environmental safety of the materials used;
6. Resistance to corrosion.

Cable unit is mounted directly to the tie, so does not take up space. Over the life of the structure does not require additional maintenance. During operation, is not conducive to the formation of dust.

The design does not use substances that cause allergic reactions. Other advantages:

1. It implies installation and maintaining the required temperature.
2. Due to the thermal sensors warm floor receives information about the environment and respond to changes in it.
3. It does not require the use of additional devices.
4. Characterized by long life, safety and reliability.

General advantages:

1. Installation in public areas.
2. design elements are not visible under the floor and do not affect the design of the room.
3. The temperature controller adjusts and switch off the heating.
4. It is used as the main or additional source of heating.
5. Simple and quick to install, does not require special skills and equipment.
6. Long service life.
7. Uniform heating of the area.
8. No need to install additional equipment to run.

Minuses

A disadvantage is the need to cover the infrared mounted exclusively on a flat surface, otherwise may not perform heating.

Are supplied contacts - not always possible to connect the contact to the material from the first time, therefore, You have to cut the film and perform a connection to another terminal, which requires additional expenditure film.

If between the infrared heating and furnishings, appliances no gap of 2-3 cm, is heated, which leads to darkening surfaces overheating separate film portions.

Heating mats as the heating source is used only in conjunction with the floor covering which have a high level of heat conductivity. In the event of mechanical failure the system stops functioning.

By the operation prohibited to start immediately after installation, the minimum time between installation and use - 2 days. In the case of adhesive mounting procedure when operation begins no earlier than a week.

Cable device provides a non-uniform heating of the room. It is noted insufficient efficiency of heating the floor covering. The installation procedure is performed with a coupler. Installation takes 3 days.

Selecting a floor covering, suitable for cable constructions is limited and granite tiles. If the damage occurs the complete failure of the heat. Operation is permitted not less than 14 days after completion of the installation procedure.

Cable device does not guarantee a full fire safety and subjected to the corrosion process.

General disadvantages:

1. The need to design mounting only on the free surface areas (without appliances and furniture) limits thermal capacity.
2. Furniture prevents uniform passage of heat flow, so difficulties arise in the use of electric floor heating as the main source.
3. Permissible temperature on the surface of the floor covering - 31 ° C. Space heating to a comfortable temperature of 20-22 ° C occurs over a long time.
4. The thermostat, which is equipped with an electrical floor heating, regulates the temperature of the heating elements rather than flat.
5. Electric heating is characterized by high operating costs associated with the increased cost of electricity.
6. In humid areas there is a risk of electric shock. In order to improve electrical safety require additional costs for the RCD (residual current device) and grounding.
7. The heating cable devices emit an electromagnetic field that is harmful to the human body.
8. If the system is used as the main source of heat in large rooms, for the correct operation requires a powerful electrical wiring.

How to choose electric floor heating

If the purpose of the electrical design is to maintain a comfortable floor temperature (not heated room), and in acts as linoleum flooring, parquet flooring, carpet, laminate, a suitable embodiment is an infrared film.

If heating is installed under the tiles, in this case the use of the film is inappropriate, as between it and the flooring laid gypsum sheets (GVL) to insulation.

Recommended use under tiles heating mats: floor covering by means of tile adhesive is placed directly on the heating immediately after installation. In this case, the lack of thermal insulation contributes to the rapid heating of the surface and reduce power consumption.

execution of screed 3-5 cm procedures required for the installation of the cable. In final form, considering adhesive and tile flooring, the surface is lying lower than 4 cm.

Features heating with an electric system:

1. For the full room heating, in which there are no other sources of heat, electric floor heating should occupy not less than 70% of the room area.
2. The accounting is taken only free from furniture and equipment space.
3. If the room is too forced by furniture, heating, this system will be ineffective.
4. To maintain a comfortable temperature in the room design power density should be between 150-180 watts.

Functional element of the electrical system is a temperature controller. Thermostats are divided into two types:

• mechanical;
• e.

Mechanical design requires constant manual tuning turn on and off, change in temperature. Electronic Temperature Controller requires only once to enter the parameters, which are then automatically activated.

You can set the desired temperature program the device on and off at a particular time.

Criterias of choice:

• features and characteristics of the premises;
• use as the main or auxiliary heat source;
• specifications wiring;
• type of floor covering;
• the need for "intelligent" management.

Which is better

When choosing an electric floor heating note on packaging, the presence in the installation manual, technical certificate. The documents shows all characteristics of the device, including the power, the length, the operating voltage.

Included fastening elements must be present, with which there is a cable assembly, a film or mat. Better just to refuse material povrozhdennoy packaging or with obvious defects.

Effective quality device for heating a floor surface works with a temperature controller that maintains the desired temperature and save energy.

If you plan the installation of underfloor heating in the house, the material must be suitable for different types of floor coverings. An effective system quickly heats the surface of the floor to the required temperature.

If the construction takes up the entire area of ​​the room (it is used for high-grade heat) it must uniformly increase the temperature in the room.

Exploitation

If the infrared thermal tape is used as the main heating source, it should occupy at least 70% of the floor surface. Use is not recommended in severe climatic conditions for heating.

In this case, the infrared film coating serves only an additional heat source. thermal tape incision is made only in specially designated area - is taken into account when calculating the amount of material.

Infrared heating is also applicable to buildings of economic purpose, which can not be equipped with central heating. Using thermal tape at subzero temperatures prevents icing and freezing porch pipeline.

Termomaty used for floor heating for a short time. The use of mats it is advisable that if you do not plan to increase the current level of the floor (thick screed).

Cable floor heating is used as the main source of heat in the rooms, which is difficult to carry out central heating. In most cases, a system equipped with rooms located on the first floors of buildings, bathrooms, corridors, toilets.

Floor mounted directly on the reinforcing mesh or insulating layer. Possible to use the cable for outdoor floor heating:

• warming up the lawn, heating the soil in the greenhouse;
• with the aim of de-icing gutters, gutters, roofs, pipelines;
• heating stairs, driveways, sidewalks.

Mounting:

1. direct system heats the surface over a small period of time. Installation is carried out to the full heating or heating of individual rooms.
2. Accumulating cable unit cost due to heat accumulation.
3. When installing the cable system under wooden floor space is filled with heat-insulating layer, the cable is placed on a metal grid.

Precautionary measures:

1. In order to ensure the required level of heating power is carefully chosen and the type of power cable insulation is organized according to the instructions.
2. Do not run the cord under furniture without legs and large home appliances in order to prevent overheating.
3. Cable shortening adversely affects the strength, so adjust towards the heating elements in accordance with the size of the room.
4. The installation process can not work in heavy shoes and step on the cable.
5. Make a diagram of the installation - it will need in case of damage heating elements.
6. To connect the temperature sensor is used Corrugated.
7. Upon completion of the mounting of the electric floor heating check all connections, measuring the level of resistance.
8. The system is connected only after drying screed.

Guarantee

The warranty period for floor heating depends on the species:

• Infrared Film - 15 years;
• Infrared rod - 20 years;
• termomaty - 20 years;
• Cable - 20 years.

The guarantee is valid in case of violation of functioning warm floor is already in operation with the following exceptions:

1. On a material has traces of mechanical damage due to breach the transport conditions setup, storage.
2. The cause of burnout was mechanical or chemical attack on the material.
3. The heat source used without the temperature controller.
4. The system is used off-label.
5. The heating elements are out of service due to an accident in the domestic environment (water bay, voltage drop).
6. Violated setup and use practices described in the instructions to the warm floor.
7. Heating connected to the mains with the violation of the rules specified in the documentation (current and voltage is higher than in the instructions to the warm floor).
8. Schematic design was placed nearby the heat sources.
9. The failure caused insurmountable natural and anthropogenic phenomena (lightning strike, fire).

Subject to the conditions of guarantee manufacturer replaces the faulty section of the system or, depending on the species of warm floor. The company does not assume the costs associated with the delivery of the material.

For replacement in accordance with the terms of the guarantee is provided a list of documents:

• warranty card (original) filled by the rules;
• paper material purchase a specified date (otherwise calculus warranty period begins with the completion of production);
• photos, identity floor heating operation in accordance with the requirements specified in the instructions;
• in the absence of the photos can call experts who will testify the implementation of these requirements.

Faults and repairs

In the electric warm floor malfunction related to the three troubled parts:

• Temperature regulator;
• temperature sensor;
• heating element.

Repair begins with the design of a fault source. In the case of prior repairs reason usually it is the failure of the heating element due to the use of construction tools.

If the root causes of failure are not known, it is required to measure the supply voltage. These parameters are specified in the data sheet. The maximum deviation of the information specified in the data sheet should not exceed 5%.

When the temperature sensor check indicators should be in the range of 5-30 kW (the exact parameters specified in the instructions).

If the cause of the malfunction is a temperature sensor or thermostat replaced unfit detail. Failure of the heating element requires disassembly flooring screeds opening, repairing damaged sections of the cable.

manufacturers

Caleo It specializes in the production of film infrared floor. The material is laid a "dry" manner without prior ties under carpet, laminate, linoleum or parquet. The film is cut to several heating zones or rooms.

Excluding floor covering floor thickness is 0.5 cm. heat source does not affect the level of dust and humidity.

In case of damage to one or more sections of the remainder of the material continues to function properly. Warranty periods for materials:

• Caleo Platinum - 15 years;
• Caleo Gold, Grid - 15 years;
• Caleo Line - 7 years;
• Thermostats Caleo - 2 years.

Devi It specializes in the production of equipment for electric floor heating. In addition to heating elements - cables, the company produces the accompanying materials: temperature controllers, thermostats, connecting elements.

The warranty for cables and termomaty is 20 years. The product range includes:

1. DEVIflex - two-wire cabling system installed in the screed. It comes with all accessories. The cable lies at a depth of not more than 7 cm, characterized by increased strength and flexibility.
2. DEVImat - termomaty in the form of one- or two-wire cable, attached to the adhesive tape. Mounted directly beneath the flooring.
3. DEVIdry - designed for installation under laminate, wood, parquet board. Equipped with a protection in order to achieve a high level of security when in contact with the cable tree.
4. DEVIreg - thermostats for controlling electrical floor heating.

Electrolux It produces various categories of household appliances and equipment, electrical warm floors - one of the industries. Warranty - 20 years. The range represented as heating mats, thermostats and cable sections:

1. Eco Mat - termomat without harmful electromagnetic interference.
2. Multi SIZE Mat - ultra-thin material on a flexible basis.
3. EASY Fix Mat - self-adhesive mat on the textile mesh.
4. Twin Cable -dvuhzhilny heating cable with higher power.
5. Thermotronic Basic, Avantgarde, Touch - versatile and programmable thermostats mechanical, electronic touch-type and liquid crystal displays.

Energy produces heating cables and mats with a warranty period of 20 years, temperature controllers with touch or LCD, electromechanical, 3D models. Range:

1. Energy Mat - a thin mat with a two-wire resistive cable and a polymer network.
2. Energy Cable - a system of two-wire cable and cold remedies.
3. Energy Universal - Universal electrical design of the two-wire cable and power output.
4. Energy Light Plus - termomat, not to raise the floor level of a polymeric mesh and two-wire cable.
5. Energy Light - a very thin mat with a polymeric mesh and solid cables.

National Comfort It specializes in the production of electrical warm floors and different types of thermostats. Product warranty is valid for a period of 15 years. Range:

1. Systems Mounted in mortar - heating section, consisting of solid wires, installation ends, the couplings.
2. Without Ties - thin floor heating mat based.
3. Film constructions - heating the film, mounted under the floor covering.
4. Thermostats - electronic, mechanical, with LCD and touch screens.

Neoclima It produces heating mats and power section with a warranty period of 18 years. Products are quick and easy installation, versatility, absence of electromagnetic radiation, long life. Range:

1. Mats two-wire, single-core - for any types of flooring.
2. Heating sections two wire - are mounted in a coupler for any floor covering.

Teplolux manufactures range of electric floor systems c guarantee of 20-25 years. Material different environmental safety is used as the primary or additional source of heat. The work of "smart" systems can even be controlled using a smartphone. Range:

1. Profimat - two-wire heating mats mounted in the tile adhesive.
2. Profiroll - section with two-wire cable, installed in the screed.
3. Alumia - thin material containing layers of foil and cable.
4. Express - warm floor, which is laid on top of the floor and covered with the usual carpet.
5. MINI - cable design with a heating mat as a base.
6. TLOE - single-core cable system in screed.
7. TROPIX - thin heating mat with mounting in the tile adhesive.
8. TLBE - two-wire cable to be installed into the screed.
9. Green Box - cable designed for space heating with a large furniture or appliances.
10. Slim Heat - film coating for heating.

Thermo It specializes in the production of electric warm floor with a lifetime warranty. The company provides customers with extended service, which operates throughout the service life of the material. Range:

1. Termomaty - thin structures without increasing the level of the floor.
2. Heating cable - mounted in a tie, suitable for domestic and industrial use.
3. Heating under certain types of flooring - laminate and parquet board.
4. Self-regulating heating cable - used without thermostat reacts to environmental changes.
5. Single-core heating cable - a budget option for floor heating.
6. Thermostats mechanical and electronic type.