🏡 floors Thermal insulation in a wooden house: methods, materials, technology

The most common problem private wooden houses - cold floor. This is due to the fact that the air flow coming from the ground, penetrating into the room through the cracks between the boards. Besides, in the event of humid-temperature, the material begins to lose strength characteristics and rot. So that the room was warm and comfortable, you need to hold a series of thermal insulation works. In today's edition of the review HouseChief tell you how to spend wisely floor insulation in a wooden house, a method and materials to choose.

Why do the floor insulation in a wooden house from the bottom

Wood compared with other materials warmer, however, the construction of frame or bar-shaped house not always possible to achieve an optimum ratio between wall thickness, strength and thermal conductivity. To reduce the amount of materials used and to make the design more easy home requires additional thermal insulation, in particular, equality and attic space. Warming of a wooden floor can be performed both in the old and the newly put into operation building.

High-grade thermal insulation of a wooden house can solve the following problems:

• the occurrence of elevated humidity in room;
• lowering the overall temperature inside the building;
• condensation, leading to the appearance of mold, fungi and other pathogens;
• increase in expenses heating;
• destruction of wooden structural elements within a building.

Execute heat insulation work yourself, you can significantly reduce costs. The modern market offers a great number of various heaters for every taste and budget.

The better to warm the floor in a wooden house

In need of warming of the wooden house, we figured out. Next, consider what kind of material is best used for insulation, and how to perform the work. conditionally heaters It can be divided into 2 groups:

1. Traditional materials budget class.
2. Innovation and, consequently, more expensive.

You decide what to buy insulation. It all depends on your preferences, building construction and finance.

Budget heaters floor in a wooden house

The most common and affordable in terms of cost of insulation - the usual wood chips. If you're lucky, you can get this stuff for free. However, to be able to use sawdust as insulation, they must be specially prepared, or in 2-3 months they start to rot quickly. This material is recommended to mix with lime, to avoid the appearance of insects and rodents.

The second most popular insulation material is a concrete block. It represents granules of foamed and baked clay. Expanded clay strong, light and durable, but due to its porosity it absorbs moisture, which is its major shortcoming. Therefore, using the heat-insulating material, must be a good arrangement waterproofing. Among the advantages of expanded clay it is worth noting the good sound insulation characteristics, low temperature resistance and environmental safety.

One of the most cost material is foam. This insulation is convenient and durable. He brings great exposure to moisture. The material is very easy to assemble. Enough to cut tiles, suitable in size, insert it and fill in the gaps with foam construction. The weak point of foam is that in it like to arrange their nests rodents.

Another traditional material for insulating your floor hands in a wooden house is considered to be mineral wool. It's hard to call it a full budget option, but available on the market range of this material there are several low-cost models. For example, glass and some soft mats of mineral wool are quite affordable to the ordinary consumer. However, this heater can last no more than 10 years as slozhivaetsya quickly loses its qualities when wet. It is very popular in rodents.

Warming of the wooden floor with modern materials

Among the modern insulating materials gained the most popularity extruded polystyrene (EPP). Thanks to closed-cell structure, it is not afraid of water and steam. The EPG also not tolerate rodents. The material is so strong that it can even lay in screed.

The next most popular is ecowool which is 80% of cellulose and 20% - of antiseptics and flame retardants. In the production of the material is not expensive, and the high cost due to its newness.

Quite expensive and effective insulation is polyurethane foam. For warming the floor the first floor in wooden house this material requires the participation of experienced professionals and the availability of professional equipment. Despite the fact that the foam with characteristics close to the EPP, it will not stand the device screed.

Penoizol. Although this material is cheaper and polyurethane foam, but to work with him as well, it requires professionals. Many consider it inappropriate to pay for this kind of insulation, since it is the same foam, only in liquid form. Of the advantages of fast installation point and cover seal.

We offer watch a video on how to choose a heater:

How to calculate the thickness of insulation

When carrying out insulation work is very important parameter is to determine the thickness of the insulation layer. It must be determined individually for each house, depending on the design features of the building, climatic conditions of the region and the type of insulated material. The formula for calculating the optimum thickness of the layer of insulation is provided in SNIP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings".

the calculation formula is as follows:

R · λ = the thickness of the insulation layer,

Where R- thermal resistance of the structure, determined for a specific region (in special tables prescribed in the annex to snip);

λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity heater (Specified in the instructions to the material and SNIP).

If necessary insulation material to lay a thin layer, it is recommended to use an extruded polystyrene foam insulation or in the mat and rolls. The latter option is preferred because of high strength and elasticity.

floor insulation technology in a wooden house from the bottom

Each insulation material has its own ways of stacking. However, there are general requirements for device insulation of floors, to be observed regardless of the selected material. So, with the right floor insulation in a wooden house, Thermal insulation cake should consist of the following layers:

• waterproofing;
• insulation;
• vapor barrier;
• structural elements overlap;
• floor finish.

Professionals say that this order of layers makes it possible to create inside the house and keep an optimum temperature in a normal indoor humidity levels.

Note! When the device basement insulation it is recommended to use beams with a cross section of 50-100 mm.

Laying of waterproofing

When carrying out work on warming the rough floor in a wooden house must perform waterproofing. Because the cold air is in contact with the warm surface creates condensate, hardwood floors begin to be exposed to moisture. From its permanent presence in the room, begins active development of mold and mildew, which leads to decay and destruction of wooden structures. This is especially true in those cases when building a house wood is not treated with special protective equipment.

Performing without insulation layer waterproofing lead to the adverse effects of moisture on the quality of the thermally conductive material. As a result of this increased moisture content and reduces the temperature in the building. Therefore the waterproofing layer as needed. He gets from the impact of cold air flows.

Vapor barrier for the floor in a wooden house

Working in the home appliances, equipment and human body emits large amounts of heat. It penetrates through the cracks, overlap and, upon contact with cold air, is transformed into condensate settles inside the wooden structure. As a result of such exposure wood swells, rotting from the inside. Even the treatment of special means of protection can not prevent it. Therefore, when the insulation of the floor in a wooden house requires mandatory presence of a vapor barrier. The simplest and most accessible material for this - polyethylene film, which is perfect for hydraulic and vapor barrier. However, it is best to use a wet-windproof membrane providing good air circulation, and the delay inside moisture.

How and what to insulate the floor of the wooden house from below: stacking technology

When making a choice, for insulation of a wooden house, it is necessary to consider that each of the heat-insulating materials has its own characteristics installation. The following will look at ways of fastening insulation depending on the material chosen.

Warming of the floor in a wooden house on logs

The best way of warming the floor is considered to be laying on the joists. This transverse boards are used for subsequent device flooring. The main stages of laying insulation:

1. On foundation set lag. The distance between them should not exceed 1000-1200 mm.
2. Preparing a base for placing insulation or subfloor. To do this, use the screws performed the installation of sheets of thick plywood or Particleboard.
3. Between joists made laying the waterproofing membrane and the selected heater. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined from special tables or the manufacturer's recommendations. In any case, it should be no higher than the actual logs.
4. Vapor barrier layer is stacked.
5. We can now proceed to the deck floor covering (old or new).

This action will allow the algorithm to perform insulation floor in a wooden house almost any kind of heater.

How to properly insulate the floor in a wooden house with sawdust

The use of sawdust as insulation material - eco-friendly and inexpensive way to insulate the floor in a wooden house. Choosing them as a heater, you should follow some guidelines:

• Thermal insulating mixture consists of 50% sawdust, 10% clay, or cement and 40% water. More dense solution will be stronger, but the thermal conductivity will be reduced;
• cooked in a mixture of thermal insulation is necessary to add the broken glass. This should scare off rodents;
• Ready-mix to fill in the space between the joists and carefully compacted. This will give an opportunity to get even and efficient heat-insulating layer.

In addition to the above composition of the thermal insulation of sawdust, there are two options, namely:

1. bulk. Mark 80% dry sawdust and mixed with 20% hydrated lime powder mixture and fill between joists. Insulation layer for central Russia should be at least 150-200 mm, and for the northern regions - 300-400 mm.
2. Slab or opilkobeton. For the manufacture of insulation boards is necessary to take dust, hydrated lime and cement in proportions of 8/1/1, respectively. All this is necessary to drench and mix thoroughly. The resulting wet mixture should be placed in a mold, compacted to dry. About a week later, during the warm season, sawdust boards are ready. It is possible to fill the space between the joists and the crude mixture, but in this case, setting the finishing floor covering is permitted only after 2-3 weeks, until the mixture is completely dry.

Warming of the floor in a wooden house Penoplex

Most often, warm floors in wooden houses prefer Penoplex because of the affordable prices and high-strength material. Installation proceeds as follows:

• penoplex cut to size, accurately and tightly fitting the edge plates to each other and joists to prevent the infiltration of cold air;
• waterproofing layer stack;
• mounting plates on the subfloor by mounting adhesive;
• all the joints for better adherence additionally glued.

Because penoplex is lightweight, it is perfect for thermal insulation of floors in the frame houses. With such a load on the material foundation house will be minimal, that will avoid future shrinkage of the structure.

Features of mineral wool insulation of floors

Before carrying out thermal insulation work, check the condition of the surface of the rough floor. If it is in good condition, then you can proceed to the next step. Otherwise, you must either restore the old coating or dismantle it and create a new one. Further, the waterproofing layer is laid, and the guide lugs mounted.

Lags are mounted with optimum pitch - 500 mm. It should not exceed a distance of 900 mm. After installation of floor beams can proceed to the immediate installation of insulation. Mineral wool should lie right next to each other and the logs, but does not wrinkle.

Further vapor barrier layer is required to lay the membrane and, thereafter, to start mounting base beneath the finishing floor. As a material for such a framework is used Particleboard, Fibreboard, Plywood etc. Only after that can be stacked Finish seal coat.

Features floor insulation in a wooden house ecowool

Thermal insulation of floors ecowool practically no different from the process of mineral wool insulation. This uses two modes: dry and blowing-in or spraying. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. We will look at the first option, because it is suitable for self-study.

Dry installation method

This method is most suitable for self-assembly and consists of the following steps:

1. If you have already arranged the rough floor of the building concreteIt is necessary to carry out waterproofing roofing felt or polyethylene film. Next set wooden joists at 600 mm.
2. If there is a concrete floor and joists are mounted on the posts, they should be filed or plywood bottom boards.
3. Laghi and base wetted spray. The resulting box is poured vzryhlonnoe contents preform with insulation. The mixture was poured lag slightly higher thickness.
4. Mass ekovaty compacted. In that case, if the thickness of the heat insulating layer is essential, the insulation is laid in several layers. However, it is not necessary to seal them tightly. This can reduce the effectiveness of insulation.
5. The surface insulation moisten necessary because in this case the structure of the material varies and, thereby, creates a more dense outer layer.

How to insulate wooden floor keramzit

expanded clay floors Warming is performed in almost the same technology as with other insulation materials. But still there are some differences. For warming of expanded clay should be:

• on the draft floor evenly poured sand "cushion" that needs to be compacted;
• for waterproofing to "cushion" layer is applied to the liquid mastics;
• It poured and leveled concrete block;
• fit, steam, and finishing plank floor.

Recommendation! To obtain the most even layer, it is desirable to use expanded clay of different fractions for a snug fit of granules to each other.

Features floor insulation on top of a wooden house

As already mentioned, the insulation of the floor, both below and above, is a montage of several kinds of materials which form as a result of multi-layered "cake". The technology for both cases is identical, with the difference that the insulation of the floor below more labor-intensive.

Common mistakes at warming the floor of the wooden house

Inexperienced professionals and those who are trying to insulate floors alone, often make a number of mistakes. We list the most common ones. Acquainted with them, you can avoid such errors in the insulation of floors in the home.

Error №1: improper storage and unpacking

Can not be stored for long periods unpacked material, as humidity will affect the quality of insulation. It is necessary to decompress about a day before the assembly. Making it the best in the house or shed. After laying the insulation you need as quickly as possible to close it, steam, and the finished floor.

Error №2: gaps or contraction of insulation

When laying the insulation is necessary to comply with the dimensions that there is no gap, which will be cold bridges. If, however, between the material and the beams have cracks, they should blow out with foam. It is also unacceptable contraction of insulation, such as mineral wool.

Error №3: unrated status of intermediate floors

Often joists and floor slabs are exposed to moisture, fungus or mold, or simply worn out. If you do not evaluate the condition of floors and lag, the thermal insulation work is carried out in vain, therefore, if the structure is in poor condition, they must be replaced.

Error №4: no special treatment of wooden structures

In the absence of special protective treatment of wood, which will be under the insulation, and begins to rot quickly is exposed to fungus and mold.

Error №5: too thin insulation

If incorrectly calculate the thickness of the insulation, the house is still cold, and all the costs will be in vain. So do not skimp on this.

Error №6: missing waterproofing

In situ groundwater at a depth of less than 2 m of the ground floor insulation of floors should begin with the device of the waterproofing layer.

Error №7: violation of the stacking sequence of thermal insulation layers

If you want your house to be warm, be sure to observe the stacking insulation technology. Do not miss any of the layers and use only high-quality materials.

Watch a video about the typical mistakes made when installing floor insulation in wooden houses: