🏠 Autonomous sewerage for private houses and sewage plants

If you have a private house, the optimal solution would be to connect sewage to a central drain. Alas, this is not always possible. In a more or less large settlements can still be found common rail, but on suburban suburban areas and small settlements that luxury is not available. In such circumstances, the only way - improvement autonomous sewerage. The theme of this material from Housechief - the device battery drainage for private homes.

What is an autonomous sewer and its basic principles

In a situation where you need to solve the sewage problem at any given site, it is necessary for reasons of maximum usability. Modern vacation home should be no less comfortable than a city apartment. Therefore, there must be a full-fledged bathroom, bath or shower, kitchen and Washer. All these facilities consume water and form the drains, which need to do something with, without compromising aesthetics and ecology of the site.

Neglect of sanitary norms and direction drains just in some hole or a body of water is fraught with not only a threat to your health, but also a large fine on the sanitary and epidemiological stations.

Therefore, before proceeding to the sewer planning, study features of the site and the house and the family's needs. Here, everything is important: the number of family members, household appliances, consume water, types of sanitary ware, particular location of the house on the plot, Specificity of soil and location of groundwater. It is also important and arrangement of adjacent areas with you. Finally, a very important nuance is the size of the budget that you are willing to invest in the achievement of these goals.

Types autonomous sewer

There are three main types of arrangement of an autonomous sewer: septic tank, septic tank and treatment plant.

Before we talk in detail about each of them, let's understand their similarities and differences.

Cesspool and septic tank have in common - one way or another, you have to clean them. To do this, you need to call assenizatorskaya machine or to perform this task manually from the pre-preparation of the site for disposal.

That is the complete autonomy of the question. Anyway, it is a semi-autonomous system requiring constant monitoring, intervention and investment. But, on the other hand, such a system does not require the regeneration capital investment.

More advanced in this respect are the septic tank with biological cleaning. These include a bioreactor, in which the decay process impurities and processing them in a safe for drains portion. These stations, septic tanks are able to process virtually all incoming sewage. At the exit you will receive technical water, suitable for glaze garden. It is a safe process based on the anaerobic microorganisms. The only nuance - such station consumes power, so that your site must have electricity, so you can take advantage of such a setup.

And another important point in the process of selecting the type of sewage: not all of these structures afford to build and install it yourself. For complex communication, you may need the help of experts for installation and maintenance.

Important! Location and protection of sewer septic tank should be planned in accordance with the rules of sanitation and taking into account the proximity of water intake facilities, wells and residential buildings.

The simplest design: Cesspool

If you can only rely on the minimum investment - then consider the question of installation sump. The device object of this primitive: sewer from the house comes to the excavated soil in a hermetic or semi-hermetic tank. Drains fall into this container.

To seal the most commonly used concrete rings. From the tank dimensions pumping frequency dependent. It is clear that the larger the hole, the less it will have to be cleaned, but, in any case, the pumping volume may limit assenizatorskaya machine.

Remember that the cesspool must not be located too close to residential buildings. How would you not hermetically closed tank, the smells will still bother you, but in the evacuation process and do better to leave the station on time.

Sanitary regulations require that from home to the well was at least five meters and the fence - not less than one meter. There is still the requirement for proximity to the drinking water supply: in the clay soil of 20 m on loam -3 m on loam - 50 m.

For the calculation of the volume of the sump, keep in mind that one family member must be at least 0.5 m³. The larger the margin - the better.

Important! When laying sewer pipes from home it is important to observe the slope of 2-3 cm per meter of pipe.

Cesspit can be completely sealed or semi-sealed, that is, without a bottom. The choice depends on the proximity and presence of groundwater in the area well or other natural water source.

Sanitary standards are allowed to equip such structures only in the areas with one or two points of the flow, that is, WC and shower. Remember that the use of pit-type sewage banned in urban areas and in the vicinity of residential buildings and neighboring areas.

Septic tanks and principles of their installation on site

septic tank It assumes a closed system type using means for intensive decomposition of waste and mechanical filtration.

The system must be airtight, and it solves the problem with the appearance of unpleasant odors in the area. Similar designs are often found in areas of country houses. An advantage of the system is more economical and rare compared with cesspools, the need for maintenance.

In such a septic tank there is no need to connect any pumps. The design will perform well for a family of 3-4 people in the country.

The device septic tank quite simple: it consists of several chambers, connected to each other. The first chamber is separated from the solid waste liquid. Liquid flow into the second chamber, and remain in the first solid. In both working chambers anaerobic microorganisms that decompose all possible organic compounds. These bacteria are killed by excess of oxygen and without the film on the water surface. It is therefore important leaks septic tank.

Material for the manufacture of a septic tank may be different. The most practical is to use plastic containers, which perfectly withstand aggressive media and bacterial load.

septic tank It can operate in areas without electricity. Therefore, this system is non-volatile. Moving the waste inside the chambers occurs naturally due to overflow. The final conclusion of purified water is carried out in a gravel pit.

Standalone on site treatment plant

Sewage treatment plants topical differ perfect refining process. Clean water at the outlet is nearly 98%. This water can be safely used to irrigate the site. The only caveat - the system consumes electricity, which provides a multi-stage waste treatment.

Note! Treatment plant able to serve several houses at the same time.

The stations vary in volume of waste. An important factor in the selection of this method is providing power and the quality of the plot. self-build an efficient system possible, but very troublesome.

The factory set includes robust tanks made of plastic. For suburban area is considered to be the most practical capacity of seamless polyethylene or fiberglass laminate. The sale is made of metal cans, but they are less tight and durable.

Setting the treatment plant requires special training and use of lifting mechanisms. More process is described in this small video material:

like septic tank, Sewage treatment plant consists of several tanks. In the first there is mechanical cleaning of drains. There are special zhiroulavlivateli and mechanical filters. Decomposition of waste produced by the same anaerobic organisms, but the process, due to multiple filtering more perfect.

After the fall of the first chamber drains into the second where placed biofilters decomposing waste.

And the last stage - the final purification through absorbers of natural origin. Flue gas formed during processing is also carried out through the exhaust pipe.

Important! Microorganisms can be killed due to contact with the chlorine system and detergents. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor their work and sow the septic tank as needed.

The entire system is able to operate in a continuous cycle. On average, for a complete cleaning of the water trapped in the system, you need three days. So reservoirs volumes are calculated from these considerations.

If we talk about the benefits of this system, we can note its absolute ecological compatibility and high efficiency. Similar designs can be installed even near residential buildings. In addition, they do not pollute any soil or water bodies.

The only thing that may be required - periodic replacement of the bulk of the filter in the third tank - about once every 10 years. Conveniently, when installing a septic tank is not necessary to adjust to the level of ground water or the soil.

Self-contained sewage systems - the most modern method of purifying sewage in the suburban area. system cost begins from 200 thousand rubles. For comparison, a simple septic tank will cost about 30-40 thousand rubles, and the cesspool can build with their hands, spend only on concrete rings. But consider these two options would require periodic pumping, and it will add cost. So decide what you prefer: to spend money once and forget, or keep it under control. Share your thoughts in the comments!