Types of ventilation, the advantages and disadvantages of ventilation systems

Any building, residential or industrial needs quality air exchange. He will not only ensure the supply of oxygen, but also protects the structure from the proliferation of mold and mildew, provide comfortable conditions for people. Today we will speak about what are the advantages and disadvantages of ventilation systems. Types of ventilation, the specifics of its design and useful tips - in our today's material.

Let's start with the basics: What is ventilation?

Ventilation - exchange of air is regulated by a set of special tools.

Doctors have found that healthy adult average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air per day. That we feel is normal and can work effectively, the air must have a certain composition containing ions, ozone and volatile rate.

It is not always a natural way such air quality falls into the room. To establish this process, the ventilation system is used. It ensures the promotion of air masses inside the room, they inflow from the street and outputting the spent air. The more intensive exploitation of space - the more powerful must be a ventilation system.

Classification of ventilation systems on different grounds

ventilation systems are divided into different types according to several criteria:

Symptom classification	subspecies
On the organization of movement of air streams	mechanical
natural
On a functional purpose	exhaust
inflow
Supply and exhaust
According to the service area	General exchange
local
by design	The channel
Underground

Ventilation system includes a variety of equipment and can be combined with heat and noise reduction systems. For air exchange processes using various kinds fan, Curtains, filters, silencers, air, heaters, of different shapes and lattice valves.

Consider the listed types of ventilation systems in more detail.

Fundamentals of natural ventilation

Natural ventilation in the house at the expense of different pressure and temperature conditions inside and outside, as well as with the help of winds, ventilated building.

Typically, the room temperature is higher than on the streets, for this reason easily exhaust air rises upwards and goes through the ventilating shafts by tightening the cooler mass outside.

Wind speeds of air from outside the building process. The stronger the wind, the more efficient work of natural ventilation.

Important! For the organization of natural ventilation air ducts must be oriented vertically. Access is via the air intake valves and vents.

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Forced or mechanical ventilation

In contrast to the natural movement of air masses, forced Ventilation in a private house more effectively redistributes streams freshness indoors. For this purpose, the device pumps air: all sorts of fans, compressors and pumps.

Forced ventilation is divided into several sub-types:

• supply - arrange mechanical supply of oxygen from the outside;
• vent - eliminating waste air mass via suction devices;
• supply and exhaust - provides the system in both directions.

Ventilation system

Ventilation system It should carry oxygen access to the building. It includes:

• airway equipment;
• a device for heating or cooling air streams;
• delay filter system for dust particles;
• fan or pump, pumping air;
• Noise suppression devices superfluous.

Ventilation ducts complexes can be - the pipe on which the air flow enters the room or function without channels penetrating into the room through the ventotverstiya. The device supply air systems, too, is different: they may include a plurality of units or a compact candy bar.

exhaust system

Exhaust ventilation in private homes can work in a natural way, through the vents, or via feed. Localization handling units are divided into local, that is, working in one particular room, for example, the kitchenAnd general exchange, operating on the whole building.

In any case, the exhaust system can not work without the influx of oxygen from the outside. inflows can be carried out through the window, door or intake valves.

Supply and exhaust ventilation and its features

This design assumes simultaneous supply and withdrawal of air by means of injection devices. It is the most energy-intensive type of ventilation. In addition, heat the areas are partially lost due to the constant renewal of the atmosphere. To keep a comfortable temperature in the supply and exhaust system heat recuperators are used.

Recuperators - devices whose primary purpose is to warm the incoming stream by heat emanating. In this mixing of air masses does not occur and only clean air enters the building.

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Advantages and disadvantages of ventilation systems, types of ventilation

Each of the following ventilation types have their advantages and disadvantages. About them should know not to be trapped. Let's look at all the options:

Type of system	pros	Minuses
natural	It does not require third-party equipment and connection to the power supply. It does not break, virtually maintenance free. It works perfectly without ambient noise and can be combined with a technique for air-conditioning.	Low intensity of ventilation. Insufficient rate of metabolic processes results in the formation of mold and condensation settling. There is no possibility to adjust the air exchange processes. In the absence of wind, the temperature difference hardly works.
mechanical	Fully autonomous operation, independent of external factors: air temperature and the presence of winds. The air entering the apartment building may undergo additional processing: purification, Warming, humidification.	A device for mechanical ventilation in private households need to spend a lot of money. The system needs regular maintenance.
inflow	It has the function of adjusting the temperature and volume of air entering. It is compact and high functionality. It can simultaneously be heated and clean atmosphere.	It needs the noise reduction system and requires a separate space for installation, remote from the living quarters. It requires periodic maintenance and service.
exhaust	It allows to control the volume of outgoing flows. It does not depend on the vagaries of the weather. Easy to install.	It makes it impossible to adjust the intake air needs in the costs of installation and operation. Maintenance-free.
Supply and exhaust	Qualitatively, it cleans the air flow and makes the atmosphere as comfortable as possible for people. Safe to use.	The high cost of installation and operation. Inability to use with air-conditioning systems. It needs a separate room for the installation and noise reduction.

Ducts and their varieties

Nearly all ventilation systems need ducts. Root canals parameters for air masses:

• Heat insulation and air flows;
• full integrity and compact size;
• reliable fastening and durable material;
• smooth inner surface.

channel dimensions very important for the normal functioning of the system: they do not have to be small, otherwise you will suffer from the noise and construction units will experience excessive load.

Air ducts can be built-in or external, it all depends on the type of room and the features of its design.

Duct types and their characteristics:

• metal channels - durable and fairly durable products from galvanized or stainless steel. May have a different shape, which is very convenient for installation. The price of such a device is relatively low, they are well suited for large buildings and hidden location.

• plastic tray - made of durable polypropylene plastic and look very attractive. Plastic is a good noise insulating materials. Ventilation in a private house made of smooth plastic pipes does not delay the air flow. Plastic constructions are lightweight, easy to install and can be installed in areas with high humidity.

These are the modern duct can be more often found in homes. In addition to the classification by type of material, the air channels can be divided according to the form. There are products of rectangular cross section, significantly saving space and well adjacent to the surface of the walls and ceilings and round channels differ favorably low resistance air flow.

Another popular form of air channels - flexible corrugated pipes. They are made of thin aluminum. Such designs have good aerodynamic properties and are easy to install by hand.

Fans for ventilation systems

For mechanical air supply pumping mechanism used in ventilation systems. One of the most common - fans. The classification of these devices on different grounds:

sign	subspecies
Design	Axial or axial views
diagonal fans
centrifugal device
diametric devices
lipless ramjet
application conditions	air devices with temperature control is no longer 80°FROM
Devices for rooms with high humidity
thermostable fans
Mechanisms with high overpressure
Devices capable of operating in environments with large amounts of dust and other impurities
Features of the drive	Directly connected to the motor
Apparatus for coupling compounds
V-belt drive
a continuously variable transmission Actuators
installation site	Frame - mounted on special supports
Duct - mounted in the cavity of the duct
Roof - mounted on roofs of buildings

Besides these features, the fans may vary in power and rotational speed, noise level.

Axial fans - the most common type of devices used in ventilation systems of dwelling houses. Such devices are characterized by high efficiency and a simple structure.

Centrifugal devices are especially spiral form of the blades. The blades are rigidly fixed to the cylinder. The main feature of the operation of such devices is that the flow of exhaust air is always directed perpendicular to the incoming.

The diagonal structure are similar in appearance with axial, but they direct the air flow in a diagonal direction. This effect is achieved by the specific design of the housing. Such devices produce much less noise.

Diametrically products like drums with vanes having bend upward. They are characterized by high aerodynamic performance and can handle large air ducts.

Uniflow turbine air injected through special frame structure. Such devices are pumped large amounts of oxygen and allow the flow guide in the right direction.

Ventilation by accommodation type

Ventilation systems differ in the type of accommodation in the general exchange and local. Which of these types to choose depends on the objectives that you set for the system.

The specifics of local exhaust ventilation

Local ventilation for individual rooms or for individual points in these areas. An example of such a system - extractor hood. She takes the exhaust, vapor saturated air over the stove, and outputs it to the outside or to a common ventilation duct in an apartment building.

In such a system in desperate need of air bathroom. In addition to direct air purification, ventkanal helps get rid of the moisture in these areas.

lower floors are in need of the local system, garages and basements. It is particularly important to establish this type of ventilation boiler. Thus, even in an emergency stop of the boiler, the safety of your home will be guaranteed.

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That is, general ventilation, and where it is applied

If there is a need to upgrade the atmosphere in the whole house and building, use of general ventilation. This system evenly distributes the fresh air flows on the entire structure. With the right design volume of supply and exhaust air must be in equilibrium. In exceptional cases, if the room is working with poisonous substances or harmful gases to human health, air volume can exceed the performance of outgoing flows.

Proper redistribution atmosphere prevents heat loss. Obshcheobmennoj ventisistemy can supply or exhaust as we described earlier.

Types of ventilation in production facilities

to the venting requirements of industrial premises, is usually higher than the ventilation in residential buildings. This is due to the presence of harmful impurities in the atmosphere of working shops, saturated exhaust units, vapors of substances hazardous to health.

Systems in large production facilities operate by the temperature difference and the height of the ceilings. They can not do without forced aerating and air flow.

Ventilation ducts are installed under the ceiling of the shop. Typically, this large metal designs with powerful fans. Exhaust is produced through the aeration installation the roof.

In some cases, a channel and Underground System

ChannelFree complex does not need air duct network. Atmospheric exchange takes place through the holes in the wall - blowing and check valves. As fresh air sources can act vents, slits, under doors and transoms. Ductless systems are suitable for living rooms. It is easy to install and requires no special maintenance and operating costs.

Channel ventilation air duct needs. Its installation is justified if a fence or air supply must be carried out intensively and in a certain place in the room.

How to correctly design a ventilation system

Now we proceed to the practical recommendations of how to make a complete ventilation in a private house with his own hands.

basic algorithm works:

1. We need to study the health standards for air exchange in residential areas, to relate them to the dimensions of your room;
2. calculate the size of the air passages;
3. choose the optimum scheme duct placement;
4. prepare the space for installation of structures;
5. install all components of the system.

If you think about the air exchange at home quality design stage, you are very well done. At this stage, you can plan placement of communications so that they are not visible and at the same time working to their maximum potential.

The fundamental error in planning ventisistem - the setting is too powerful networks that will lead to unnecessary energy loss. Another unpleasant moment - the emergence of reverse thrust in a private house ventilation.

Basis for calculation of ventilation in a private house

To begin designing ventisistemy need to study the sanitary regulations and the correct calculation. To calculate the natural ventilation using the following sequence (all quantities are measured in cubic meters per hour):

1. In accordance with the sanitary regulations determine the required amount of air entering the room.
2. By the same criteria calculated volumes of the effluent stream through a drawing system.
3. Comparisons of the two obtained values, and for further calculations take a larger value.
4. Measure the height of the future of the common exhaust duct for natural ventilation.
5. Based on the number of channels and performance of each room in the house, we calculate the total size of the exhaust air duct.

When calculating the air should be mindful of the work of mechanical drawing in the kitchen. In addition, special attention should be taken to the calculations for the bathroom, toilets and rooms that do not have windowSuch as the basement, wardrobe and boiler room.

To simplify the calculations, you can use a special calculator and programs. One of the most popular programs - Vent-Calc v2.0. How to use it in several commercials detailed video instructions:

ventilation scheme in private homes

Where mandatory ventilation ducts should be located:

• in rooms with high humidity: in the toilet, bathtubLaundry;
• at the kitchen, Pantry and wardrobe;
• in the boiler room or other main destination where installed heating unit;
• in residential areas, which are separated from the room with two doors ventilation;
• on the second and subsequent floors - in the corridors and halls.

Permitted are downcomers valves from premises that do not have natural ventilation in the room with ventilation.

Several schemes of ventilation systems for example:

When planning the air ducts should be noted that their diameter can not be less than 150 mm, and one side of the square tube - 10 cm. Such a small duct 3 meters in length will provide approximately hood 30 m³/час.

Important! Length of air ducts in the floor should be the same, so the common duct is placed in the center of the building.

Typically, the diameter of duct Improvement make standard, and air exchange rate is controlled ventilation grilles with controlled blades.

If your house has only one floor - no need to install a common duct in the center, as is done in high-rise construction. You can display all channels in the head part of the roof.

Tips on ventilation arrangement in a private house

Several recommendations from professionals competent ventisistemy arrangement in a residential building:

• Insulate the ventilation ducts. Excessive cooling fraught condensation. In winter, it can lead to the formation of ice in the summer - the appearance of an unpleasant smell.
• Planning system, focusing on the aerodynamic characteristics of air ducts. Do not seek to make them too tight, make sure to it that the channel diameter is not changed for the entire length of the channels may be arranged horizontally.

• Provide the possibility of air exchange between the living compartments using grids and downcomers valves. The area of ​​such a valve is chosen not less than 200 cm².
• Leave room without drawing gap under doors 1.5 - 2 centimeters.
• To improve ventisisemy install in wet areas in the ducts blowing apparatus. you can mount these devices in the bathroom and the toilet motion sensorsThen they will turn on only when a human presence.

• To ensure natural ventilation in the kitchen, connect the extractor hood tee with check valve. When the exhaust fan stops, the valve Once clicked, and provide natural ventilation.
• If the home has a basement or a basement, on a mandatory basis, set in there air ducts. So you will avoid dampness and keep your floors.
• To reduce energy loss use sensors of humidity and temperature in a natural ventilation system complete with adjustable valves, and bars.

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Ventilation in a private house with his own hands. The article describe the general parameters and requirements, types, schemes of ventilation systems, preparation of project documentation and calculations, step by step installation with comments and advice of experts.

summing up

Organization of air in a private home - not an easy task as it seems at first glance. Without the calculations and competent distribution of air ducts can not do here. Used to calculate the health standards, to correctly distribute the channels, and use the device to reduce power losses.

If you have experience in this area - do not keep it to yourself, share it in the comments!