How to insulate a floor on the first floor - not an idle question for many owners of private homes occupied by an increase in energy efficiency of their homes. Reducing heating costs with steadily rising prices for energy - an important task, which You can perform a thorough thermal insulation of exterior building surfaces and adjacent structures.
Why is it necessary to insulate the floor on the ground floor
Floor of the first floor - the boundary that separates the internal space from the warm unheated basement or ground. In winter, the cold outside air is cooled and frozen soil adjacent to the floor foundation plinth walls.
Upon meeting cold and heat the condensate drops. This leads to the freezing of construction, their constant humidity. On the surface and in the interior of fungi colonize destroying substances secreted not only wood, but brick, concrete. Suffers flooring, wall decoration.
In addition to the discomfort caused by the raw icy surface, increasing the cost of heating. Through the non-insulated floor into the soil and the atmosphere is allocated to 15% of heat.
We have to maintain a more intense mode of heating, which sometimes does not help much. The air in the house warms up enough, and the floors are cold.
Insulation of the floor of a private house of the first floor should be given special attention. This will help to maintain a favorable atmosphere in the room, to reduce costs during the heating season, to extend the service life of materials and structures.
Types of heaters for floor and their characteristics
The construction industry produces a variety of materials for thermal insulation complying with the requirements of GOST and SNIP.
For thermal insulation of the floor is used:
- granulates - expanded clay, blast furnace slag, vermiculite, perlite, Foam glass;
- Rolling - stone, glass, slag wool, polyethylene foam, polystyrene foam, cork technical;
- plates coated foil and without it - basalt wool, polystyrene, penoplex, arbolit, plywood, particleboard, or oriented strand wood chipboard, OSB;
- mixture on the basis of concrete - expanded clay, slag concrete, foam concrete, polystyrene, opilkobeton.
- foam, liquid - polyurethane foam ecowool, insulating paint.
See also - how to make a warm floor above the basement.
Together with insulation often mounted system of warm floors - laying the heating cable, infrared radiators, electric mats or thin tubes filled with water. Heating is carried out from power supply or boiler.
General characteristics possessed by the heat-insulating materials:
- Low thermal conductivity - 0.03-0.3 W / m ° C, which effectively reduces heat loss even when laying a layer of small thickness;
- high fire resistance - most heat insulators belong to the class NG, G1 or G2, which means non-flammability or low degree of flammability;
- biological inertness - materials do not decompose due to the chemical composition or antiseptic impregnations are resistant to reproduction mold;
- durability - with proper installation and operation declared by the manufacturer service life of 20 years or more;
- Low density and light weight - heat insulator structure of porous or fibrous coating are therefore lightweight, do not create a load on the supporting structure;
- adaptability - heaters can easily be stacked on horizontal surface mount or apply special equipment, it does not take much time.
The advantages of the heat insulator provides environmental cleanliness. They do not release into the environment of noxious fumes and radiation. For use heaters indoors is very important.
Selecting insulation
A method of warming a floor is selected taking into account:
- material and the base structure;
- the presence of a basement;
- characteristics of the heating system;
- climatic conditions.
In a wooden house, relating to the fire hazard installations, it is advisable to arrange heat insulation non-combustible materials - expanded clay, perlite, foam glass, mineral wool in rolls or plates, polyurethane foam.
Concrete floors can insulate polymeric insulators - Penoplex, polystyrene foam. They do not support combustion, but when heated emit acrid smoke. According to regulations, such materials should be covered with a protective layer of cement-sand mortar of at least 30 mm thick.
Fiber and bulk insulation materials tend to absorb water vapor from the surrounding environment. Create a barrier against moisture using a variety of films and membranes that are stacked from the unheated cellars or underground. Insulators are often coated with aluminum foil, which functions - to reflect infrared rays into the room, in addition to protect it from the heat.
Main article: warming the floor with sawdust.
When selecting insulation for the floor of the first floor are the most important criteria:
- price category;
- the volume of work.
The most inexpensive insulation - foam, polystyrene foam, penoplex. Polymers offer price 1800 rub / m³. On the floor are usually laid in a layer thickness of 50-100 mm, which corresponds to 36-89 rub. / M².
Expanded clay will cost 1200 rubles. / M³, calculated per square meter of floor 240 rubles. (See layer 20).
Basalt wool in rolls or neproshityh mats in the average cost of 170-180 rubles. / M².
The cost of packing is calculated based on the prices formed on the work in the construction market. If we do the repair yourself, you can mount a heater, without the aid brigades.
The lowest complexity at the thermal insulation device of the foam and related materials or mineral wool. Lay slag or expanded clay harder their weight of 400-600 kg / m³. To move and cover layer 100 m² floor 20 cm, will need to 20m³ and is 8-12 tons. Such work requires at least an assistant, and preferably 2 or 3.
Ecowool - growing popularity of cellulose insulation. It is applied professional equipment that produces the pressure. Independently of such a type of insulation is not installed. The price per square voiced by specialized firms. It is from 170 rubles. / M², depending on the configuration of the surface layer thickness.
You can sprinkle ecowool on the surface by hand, similar to granular materials. The quality of the insulation is significantly lower than for dry-blowing.
Climatic conditions impose certain requirements on the choice of insulation for the floor. For example, in cold Siberian regions to isolate surface keramzit require laying a layer of about 40 cm (as determined by Thermal calculation). Therefore, it is advisable to carry out the work using a light thermal insulators with lower thermal conductivity.
Insulation bulk materials
The oldest bulk insulation - dry land. Later, people began to use wood chips or sawdust. They are used today, impregnated with antiseptics and flame retardants or mixed with lime, cement, clay. But the most popular insulation - expanded clay aggregateObtained by swelling of the shale.
It is simple to use, inexpensive, do not like rodents. Expanded clay layer can be distributed on the ground, after having spread waterproofing. It will protect the material from moisture.
For warming the floor of the first floor, a mixture of pellets of 15 mm and smaller fractions that were filled with large gaps between the elements. Thickness - not less than 20 cm. Insulation operate dry, wet, or the combined method.
The sequence of the "dry" work with bulk insulation:
- Fill the space between the wooden floor joists expanded clay, vermiculite or other material.
- Plank rough floors made of MDF, plywood, boards, chipboard, OSB.
- Stack topcoat.
"Wet" insulation of floors:
- Expanded clay mixed with cement-sand mortar.
- Claydite placed on the base.
- Align, waiting for the complete drying.
- Arrange Finish coating.
In the combined method, firstly poured dry insulation layer, then it is poured cement-sand mortar. Align and stack after setting finishing materials. It can be in the screed to pave the strength reinforcing net.
Disadvantages of loose insulation - the tendency to shrinkage, hydration. To neutralize them when installing the pellets must be sealed to protect the waterproofing from the possible wet.
Warming of roll materials
Basalt wool - the most common insulation for floors in private homes. It is produced in rolls, mats or slabs. The first two types - cheap and loose, designed for thermal insulation of wooden floors. Plates denser, stronger, but more expensive. Applied under the concrete floor.
Algorithm of laying roll material:
- The boards or boards sub-floor is spread waterproofing - film membrane.
- Between joists heater stack thickness of 10-20 cm without gaps and without excessive compaction, the layers should overlap.
- Placed on top a vapor barrier that will not prevent the evaporation of moisture from the insulator if it is wet.
- Counter-mounted on logs to form a space for ventilation.
- Ends insulation topcoat layer with additional insulation.
If using foil species pay a metal surface in the direction of the room. Heat rays should be reflected in the room.
Installation of plate heaters
Expanded polystyrene and penoplex - foam variety. It consists of closed balls filled with air. Due to its structure the polymers have the lowest thermal conductivity among construction materials - 0.03 W / m ° C, and are widely used in the private house construction for insulation in floors ground floor.
Expanded polystyrene is very undemanding - it does not absorb moisture as mineral wool or expanded clay. It can be laid on the ground, concrete or podsypku. When operating for a long time does not lose properties, since it is not compacted with time.
Laying polystyrene foam - simple task. The main stages of installation of flooring on the ground:
- Prepare the ground - compacted podsypku, pour the dirty tie.
- Laid a waterproof film.
- Mount plate combining tongue and groove at the edges of two adjacent elements.
- Spread a further layer of waterproofing.
- Placed on top of the reinforcing grid, poured screed.
The same working sequence is carried out while insulating concrete monolith except bedding apparatus and blister screed.
If you lay on top foil film, the prepared mounting base warm floor system.
Concrete slabs or floors on soil mineral wool insulated under the scheme:
- In dense base - filling gravel or concrete - waterproofing stack 2 layers of overlapping 15-20 cm.
- Mount plate of mineral wool, being careful not to remain the slit.
- Spread a top one waterproofing layer which will prevent leakage from the coupler laitance.
- Pour the concrete floor 50 mm thick.
- Arrange Finish coating.
recommendation of professionals
The greatest efficiency in floor insulation can be achieved if:
- hold insulation adjacent structures - base, the foundation, the blind area;
- protect the insulation from moisture waterproofing and for evaporating water to provide a ventilation gap of at least 50 mm;
- joints and crevices between plates scraps fill material or assembly foam;
- from invasion of rodent use of special fine mesh (8 mm) mesh is conveyed in their places of possible animal access;
- if a layer of insulation laid flooring, departing from a wall at 10 mm, to further noise insulation effect is obtained.
The decision as to insulate the floor and the first floor, the owner receives. Advantages of thermal insulation are obvious - while reducing the cost of heating in the rooms comfortable conditions are maintained in the winter. Modern materials and technology available.
