Sex - is the coldest of all walling premises. Given that the floor surface is constantly in contact person, property owners have long sought to make this contact is comfortable. Laying heater for finishing floors, cladding material with high insulating characteristics are passive activities in this field have been directed only to maintain heat in the room, and not at its output. The emergence of systems, called colloquially "warm floor", became the solution to the problem, moreover, is not only a comfortable contact with the floor surface, but their heating.
Heated floors have long ceased to be exotic, but quite high cost of housing arrangement still prevent the wide dissemination of this equipment in the home. However, users are equipped with heated floors housing and to assess their merits, seeking to extend the scope of these systems, while tolerating, even with a reduction in their effectiveness.
Consider how to install floor heating on the balcony, do not confuse it with a loggia, and the validity of this operation.
Types of underfloor heating systems
The task of the heating equipment of this type is to increase the floor finishing temperature to a value for comfortable contact with a human body. This is achieved by heating under arrange outdoor cladding layer, wherein the heating circuit is situated. This layer may be made of a cement-sand mortar or other material - depending on the type and design of warm floors.
The heating loop gives heat to the surrounding material, which, in turn, transmits its finishing. The heated outdoor revetment initiates convection air from the floor to the ceiling - uniform, without the concentrated streams, which causes a more comfortable space heating mode.
On the origin of heat given heating circuits are divided into water and electric. The same name received and heated floors, using water and electricity.
Underfloor heating water
heating circuit such floor is a flat coil of tubing through which coolant is circulated - hot water or antifreeze solution. Moving along the contour of the liquid through the tube wall gives heat to the ambient environment and the material re-enters the heater.
The source of hot water for the heating circuit may be a central heating system or a stand-alone boiler.
In the first case, the coil does not need any additional equipment, just need shut-off valves in the point of connection.
If underfloor heating is planned to organize on an autonomous boiler, besides the circuit, you must install the expansion tank and dispensing unit with automatics.
Electric Floor Heating
In electrical warm floors heat generator is a heater circuit which, via automation system connects to the home network.
Electric Floor Heating made with three types of heating circuits:
- cable;
- in the form of mats;
- infrared.
The first type is made of a special self-regulating cables of small section is heated by passing them current, the second - the improved variant of the first (laid on the base), the third - the plate of the infrared emitters.
Features of operation of balconies
Both closed and open balconies - it's construction, with a special arrangement, causes the individual constructive and operating characteristics.
- Balcony plates have supports for the outer side and extend from the main walls of the facade as a console. In this regard, balconies, according to GOST, their maximum load of only 200 kg / m2.
- Walling balcony spaces by the streets have smaller thickness due to the winter than in these rooms are much colder.
- The balconies of the upper floors are difficult to perform outside work.
- The area of glazing of balconies, as a rule, is significant, and that adds another negative factor - the water on the floor.
On the basis of these features, you can draw the following conclusions:
- The device of warm floors in the balcony without performing insulation walling ineffective.
- Thermal insulation of balcony walls and the floor must be made of light materials easier - from the inside.
- Finishing the balcony floor surface in possible contact with atmospheric moisture zone should be moisture resistant.
Let us consider how to make the insulation of protecting designs of balcony space.
How to insulate a floor on the balcony
When the underfloor maximum heat loss will be through the balcony slab. If the balcony is not heated from the bottom neighbors, the heat loss will be even greater. Hence, the bearing base performance insulation is required, and the technology is chosen depending on the design and the balcony ceiling heights.
In private homes with high ceilings and balconies, slabs which are supported by columns or walls, the choice of the ways of warming the floor is wide - can be used as solid polymeric sheet materials (penoplex, polystyrene, polyurethane) and bulk (expanded clay, slag), stacking a layer of desired thickness.
For apartment balconies have to choose the material with reference to the situation at the expense of efficiency to reduce the thickness of the bulk insulation.
To effect the thermal insulation of expanded clay was acceptable, the layer thereof should be not less than 5 cm, and for high-performance - 20 cm.
Warming of the balcony floor keramzit
Called "concrete block" is meant expanded clay sand and gravel of various fractions sizes. As an insulation material that is used for a long time and is popular to this day, since the availability of the price range for similar advantages to modern heat shield materials.
Expanded clay gravel produced in the following fractions:
- 5-10 mm;
- 10-20 mm;
- 20-40 mm.
Fraction 5 mm called expanded clay sand.
The larger the fraction, the higher the thermal insulation characteristics of expanded clay, but the greater its susceptibility to shrinkage.
Expanded clay - hygroscopic material, and, after getting wet loses its insulating properties, and dries for a long time. Therefore, the floor for the installation of expanded clay is necessary to arrange the steam and waterproofing to concrete moisture does not accumulate in the insulation. For this purpose, suitable technical polyethylene film, 0.5 mm thick, which operate with stacking strips overlap each other at 5-7 cm, and the walls - 10-15 cm. High requirements for evenness of the concrete base is not presented, but with the convexity sharp edges must be cut down with it, and sinks deeper than 3 mm - filled with cement solution.
Important! The strips of the upper polyethylene layer is laid across the bottom and overlaps the film coat with bitumen mastic inside.
Over the resulting vapor barrier coating to produce styling expanded clay intended level. To facilitate the subsequent alignment of the buried insulation surface may be pre-installed on the floor "beacons" or temporary guide rails.
If ceiling height allows, filling perform better in two layers, placing the bottom fraction of 5-10 mm, and on top - 10-20 mm.
Then, the perimeter wall along the edge of expanded clay paste damping tape 10 cm wide, which will take up thermal expansion forthcoming for laying materials.
Atop the insulation layer expanded clay arrange reinforced screed from the cement-sand mortar thickness of 5 cm. As reinforcement mesh is used with a cell of about 10x10 cm steel or fiberglass rod, which easily fit in the hands. Before pouring the concrete grid is laid on concrete block and arranged so that its plane is positioned closer to the bottom surface of the future ties.
Upon completion of the pouring of concrete covered with cellophane film, and within 28 days provide him a set of strength in full.
Identical performed and warming floor solid insulating materials, such as extruded polystyrene (Penoplex) with a thickness of 3-5 cm - solid insulator sheet to withstand the load of the weight of the item on man it.
On this material is convenient to put beacons ties - screwed to the desired depth of the long screws. ceiling height when using Penoplex suffer less, but the price of this material is higher than the cost of expanded clay and foam.
wall insulation
Considering that the hardness of the insulation to the walls of principle does not matter, materials today, many suitable characteristics - mineral and plastics, sheet and roll, hard and soft.
When it comes to housing, it is better to abandon the use of mineral materials - they are due to the hygroscopic need additional protection.
Consider a device wall insulation using sheet polymeric insulation for example of one of these materials.
Balcony wall insulation polystyrene
This insulation is a foam species widespread in the home and often such and called. Advantages of this material are many, and while it is cheap.
Method of attachment to the polystyrene wall depends on the substrate material and the planned finishing.
Insulation inside the wall can be mounted in the following ways:
- PVA or glue to the other composition not containing aggressive solvents;
- mounted on special disjoining fungi;
- inserted in a frame of wooden sticks or cd-profiles.
A top insulation is applied following finishing:
- Paint reinforcing mesh followed by spackling and painting, wallpaper glue;
- cladding on the frame with plastic panels, siding or clapboard.
Performing insulation balcony or loggia with polystyrene foam, from the warm floors can expect not only a pleasant contact, but also to heat the room.
Warm floor balcony of an apartment under the tile
Having considered ways of warming the support slab and walls, you can proceed to the choice of a warm floor system.
Of the two major groups of equipment - the water and electric systems seem more attractive to water. But the installation of the water heating circuit is performed in coupler 5 cm thick. Considering that it was performed under the floor insulation, followed by laying concrete carrier layer of approximately the same thickness for most balconies of apartment buildings of the old buildings such the load on the ground is dangerous.
In addition, in these homes the connection to the central heating requires coordination, and it is in 99% of cases will not succeed, because the additional burden on the work of warm floors in separate apartments violates the balance of the entire water heating system apartment building.
Important! If a small area of the room, then the connection of his system of warm floors to the central heating and can does not affect the quality of heating the house as a whole, but such unauthorized actions are fraught with fines.
Consequently, for the old houses built under floor heating on the water are not suitable.
Then consider a modern home with a free layout, for example, the project P44T in which the connection of warm water to the central heating floors permitted.
Connect underfloor heating on the balcony to the central heating
At first glance, this solution has considerable a plus in the form of low costs on execution (no need to buy water heating equipment) and a lack of energy costs.
However, further analysis of the situation somewhat reduces the enthusiasm because of the following available cons:
- dependence on the mode of the boiler (the beginning and end of the heating season, accidental, routine work);
- unacceptability possible for equipment to be mounted coolant in the system parameters, especially temperature (up to 700C), whereas it should not exceed 40 in the circuit underfloor0 FROM.
However, central heating - is not the only source of hot water.
Flooring with autonomous water heating
If we abandon the connection to the central heating, the water floor can be connected with an autonomous boiler, unless, of course, he is. But even if available, in addition to the circuit assembly, installation needed expansion tank and dispensing unit with automatics.
distribution point (Collector mix with node) - a system of valves and automatic controllers, responsible for the temperature of the coolant at the circuit input. Depending on the temperature values exhibited by hand, the distribution unit adds to the coolant ostyvshemu desired quantity of hot liquid.
For the installation of this equipment will require additional space and, most importantly, this solution involves considerable material costs.
That is why the installation of water underfloor heating is performed most often in the areas of health and child care, at least - in spacious private houses.
The conclusion suggests is quite simple - the presence in the apartment autonomous heating unit sufficient power floors with water heating device is technically possible, but economically not justified.
Electric warm floor balcony
Installation and operation of electric floor also have their own characteristics:
- under the floor finish of the tile is better to choose the path of a heating cable;
- if want to avoid the dirty work, and also to perform the installation yourself, you prefer a foil infrared option.
In use an electric floor heating system referred to as the heating circuit of a special cable diameter to 5 mm. Such a wire is laid "snake" on penofol foil layer, foil disposed upward, and the entire length of the brackets is fixed to it with a certain step.
Important! Penofol trail over the concrete screed over the main heater from Penoplex.
Coils "snake" feature from each other at a distance of 10-15 cm as in the laying of water pipes floor.
View video presentation will add clarity:
This technology is quite labor-intensive, so currently the most popular circuits, collected from so-called "cable mats." Electrically mats constitute a heating cable with a diameter of 2-2.5 mm, such as "snake" fitted on the band of fiberglass mesh.
Steam and heat insulation at heating mats are arranged identical to the water system, but for stacking on top these tiles is not necessary to carry out one more tie - enough concrete layer above the main heater. Ceramics can be glued directly to the mat, but in this case the tile adhesive is applied on the base, and on the tile - a comb trowel layers of 10 mm each.
Video on the warm floor on mats:
Electrically heated floors of any kind equipped control unit consisting of a temperature sensor and a control panel. The sensor is attached between the turns "snake" and is carried away is carried by the circuit plane to the panel on the wall.
Important! When using the heating cable power underfloor system is determined from calculation of 200 W / m2And cable mat - 150-160 W / m2. When choosing a system to take into account the linear power cable is not necessary - it is done by the manufacturer and can not cut the cable.
Laying circuit should only be carried out on the open areas of the balcony floor, without placing it in tight spaces.
Infrared heated floor in the balcony
Electrical appliances of this type today are the most popular for decorating balconies, due to ease of installation, only takes a few hours.
IR radiation in such systems are directed only toward the room, but to fulfill the floor insulation will still have, or after turning off the equipment floor surface will cool rapidly.
Installation is performed on infrared films izolon foil - of which satisfied a continuous coating, prokleivaya joints with foil tape material.
Then, under the locations of the temperature sensor and the film connecting contacts are performed openings to these parts do not protrude above the surface.
Foil web was cut by the standard markup inflicted on them by dotted lines. Then izolon film stacked on and connected to the control panel in a parallel fashion with mandatory insulated contacts.
A temperature sensor is installed similarly embodiment cable mat.
Above the infrared executed waterproofing film made of industrial polyethylene - coating of the strips with an overlap of 10 cm. after which it can be laid topcoat.
Video cards for IR film on the floor-mount technology:
Warm floor at the Gazebo under the laminate
Based on the conclusion that for the device of warm floors on the balcony better use of electrical systems, consider which ones are optimal at the floor finish coatings made of laminate.
Better to start with the necessary power for heating.
The intensity of the heating system with infrared film is higher than the cable loop. It is therefore to calculate the required power in the former case is adopted in the value of 200 W / m2And in the second - only the 160 W / m2.
Laminate - a material whose thermal conductivity is low. Therefore, under such a lining would be an infrared system is more effective. Moreover, it does not require a tie - laminate can be laid directly on top of the infrared film, by performing pre it waterproofing of polyethylene.
The use of cables or mats on a balcony or loggia under the laminate also not excluded, but considering the variable cross-section contour of these systems, over them will need to perform a carrier screed with reinforcement, to protect the conductive elements from breaking under load above. And this is - the additional costs and burden on the ground.
Eventually, when the laminate abrasive wear can not jump to its removal, and to use this coating as a base for linoleum.
conclusion
To increase the functionality of the balconies, they are closed and are glazed, and then warm the resulting space - not a desire, but a necessity.
Of all types of underfloor heating is most suitable for the balcony of infrared film, from which we should proceed. Experimenting with the permissible loads on the balcony slabs can result in failure.
The main essence of the article
- Floor Heating - effective technology applicable to most types of premises.
- Two main types of underfloor heating systems - water and electric.
- The choice of the optimal variant of floor heating is done with reference to the heated room.
- Balcony - design a special arrangement that contributes to limiting the allowable loads.
- Warming of the balcony in the regeneration of warm floors - need.
- Selection method balcony insulation must be tied to the specific gravity of insulation.
- Installation of water underfloor heating to the balcony is at least as appropriate.
- Electric Floor Heating - an appropriate choice for a group, but to fulfill their own hands the best option is an infrared system.
