Heating technical purpose premises requires inexpensive and easy maintenance of heating appliances. For such facilities as warehouses, workshops, garages and production halls heating registers of the smooth pipes are simply irreplaceable. They really help out in areas with high demands on purity, since it is easily cleaned from dust and dirt of all kinds.
Taking the decision to install heat registers, you must carefully examine their characteristics and features of the application. The simplest configuration of these devices can be implemented independently, more complex models require a florid form of factory production conditions. One way or another, to ensure optimum temperature registers should be determined on the basis of thermal calculations.
Varieties heating registers
Heating registers represent a group of pipes arranged in parallel to each other and interconnected. They may differ in material, form and design execution.
Materials for manufacturing
In most cases, heating registers are made of smooth steel pipes GOST 3262-75 or GOST 10704-91. The use of electric welded pipes is preferred because of the ability to withstand higher pressure. However, in practice, it is quite common as water and gas pipes, which are operated no less successful. Such heaters safely withstand all kinds of mechanical damage and stress, and work with any coolant.
There are also stainless steel model. They are installed in rooms with high demands on aesthetics and durability. Due to the increased cost of the use of stainless steel registers most justified in bathrooms. High resistance to corrosion and a variety of configurations of stainless steel towel rails allow the use of even the most modern interiors bathrooms.
More efficient in terms of heat transfer are aluminum and bimetallic registers. They are characterized by lightness and aesthetics work well in individual heating systems with a well-organized water treatment. In other cases, the poor quality of the coolant leads to rapid failure of the device.
Sometimes you can see the registers of copper. Typically, they are used in applications where the bulk copper wiring. With them easy to work, they are very cute and durable. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of copper is about 8 times higher than steel, which can significantly reduce the size of the heating surface. Common disadvantage of all devices made of nonferrous metals - sensitivity to operating conditions - limits the scope of copper registers.
Design
The most typical designs of traditional steel registers can be divided into 2 types:
- sectional;
- Coil.
For the first characteristic of the horizontal arrangement of pipes and the use of vertical narrow webs therebetween. The second involves the use of straight and arcuate elements of the same diameter, which are connected by welding snake. By using stainless steel or non-ferrous metal tubes bent to impart a desired configuration.
There are three versions of connecting pipes:
- threaded;
- flange;
- Welding.
They can be located on the one side of the device, and with the different. Yield coolant provides a feed or diagonally therefrom. Sometimes there is a lower connection highways, but in this case significantly reduced heat dissipation.
In the isolated sectional registers 2 kinds of compounds depending on the method of placement of jumper:
- "Thread";
- "Speaker".
Registers of smooth pipes can be used as the primary heating system registers or as individual heaters. For the battery life of the device is set into TEN necessary power and you connect to the network. As the coolant for portable electrical steel registers are often used antifreeze or oil, because it does not freeze during storage or power failure.
When used separately from the heating system is required to additional placement of the surge tank in the upper part of the instrument. This avoids the pressure increase due to the increase in volume when heated. container size is selected, based on the possibility to accommodate about 10% of the total amount of liquid in the heater.
For stand-alone register of steel pipes welded thereto stem height 200 - 250 mm. If the device is part of the heating circuit, its movement is not planned and walls are strong enough, then use a stationary mount with brackets. Sometimes, for very massive registers apply a combined installation option, i.e. the device is placed on the rack and further fixed on the wall.
Specifications
Technical requirements for the radiators, including a tubular radiators normalized GOST 31311-2005. According to this standard for the manufacture of pipes to be applied in accordance with GOST 3262, GOST 8734, GOST 10705, GOST 10706 with a wall thickness not less than 1.25 mm. Thus towel permitted carbon steel with a wall not less than 3 mm, stainless steel and brass (copper-zinc alloys) according to GOST 15527.
Allowed to use other materials, if the heaters will comply with all provisions of the standard and to have the necessary strength characteristics. The device design is not standardized, and at the discretion of the manufacturer, subject to the basic requirements. It gives complete freedom for creativity and allows you to create unique design configuration of tubular heaters, which significantly expands the scope of their application.
Features heating registers of smooth tubes depend on the material, size and configuration. They are defined by special formulas, tables or materials manufacturer.
Consider the basic characteristics of conventional steel registers. They are characterized by the use of large diameter pipe, preferably in the range of 32 - 219 mm. They withstand the operating pressure to 100 Pa (10 kgf / m²). Coolant may be at a variety of fluid - water, antifreeze, oil - and high temperature steam.
Having detailed drawing of the register smooth steel pipes can manufacture their hands with any master the skills of welding work. It's enough to find source material, welding machine and corner sander. You can also order a case at the factory to customized drawings.
Important! It is necessary to maintain not only the length, diameter and number of pipes, but also the distance between them. Too close arrangement significantly reduces the heat transfer device of the mutual influence of the elements. If the distance is too great to do, the instrument height can get huge and easy to install and use. The optimum step heating register series arrangement considered radius 1.5 but not less than 50 mm.
For best results, all parameters should be determined on the basis of thermal calculations, based on the required heat transfer and features of the room. Without competent calculation even well-made case can not cope with the available space heating.
Calculation of the heating registers of smooth tubes
heating registers calculation is performed to determine the amount of heat transferred from the existing register, and for determining the required dimensions of the device to provide the necessary heat power.
Council: before proceeding to calculation register parameters should be clearly defined with temperature control and heat losses of the room. The method of their calculation - is a separate issue, but if you need high-quality heating, it is necessary to look into the matter, so you do not alter.
The amount of heat (W) coming from the pipe is determined by the formula:
Q = K · F · Δt,
Where:
K - heat transfer coefficient, W / (m2 · 0C) is received, depending on the tube material and the parameters of the coolant;
F - surface area of the pipe, m2, Calculated as the product π · d · l,
Where π = 3,14, and d and l - diameter and pipe length, respectively, in meters;
Δt - the temperature difference, 0C, determined in turn by the formula :.
Δt = 0,5 · (t1 + t2) - tto,
Where: t1 and t2 - temperature at the boiler inlet and outlet thereof, respectively;
tto - the temperature in the heated room.
On a note: For a single steel pipe filled with water, the heat transfer coefficient to the air in the general case is 11.3 W / (m2 · 0FROM). To register with several rows tentatively accepted reduction factor of 0.9 for each thread.
The values of the heat transfer coefficients for steel smooth pipe registers are shown in the table.
To determine the size of the register necessary heat output divided by the heat meter of tube. This will give an approximate total length of the thread. Further taking into account the dimensions of the room is taken of the device width and calculated the number of rows.
Council: since the increase of thread diameters and their amounts reduces the efficiency of the heater, the heat transfer register must be increased primarily by increasing its length.
For quick calculations you can use the online calculator, but there is a great risk of erroneous results. Therefore, before using the automatic calculation, there is at least one manually and verify the results.
Antifreeze liquids have a smaller heat capacity and give less heat than water. Thus, registers with antifreeze should have increased surface area compared to working on the water. For their calculation must take into account the properties of the liquid.
Advantages and disadvantages
Registers heating of smooth pipes have many advantages:
- For very large rooms are one of the best options for heaters. Due to a large extent they provide uniform heating and create a comfortable environment. Heating turns out not local but extensive.
- Hydraulic resistance is very small in comparison with cast iron or steel radiators. This allows to significantly reduce pressure loss in the system, and thus the costs for pumping coolant. This same feature enables the use of large room open heating system with natural circulation.
- The straight sections of large diameter pipes are less susceptible to silting and overgrowing unlike radiators complex shape. Therefore, the heating registers almost do not need washing.
- A simple construction can be made with his hands from the available materials to yield substantial savings.
- The service life large enough for at least 25 years. The degree of reliability depends mainly on the quality of welded joints.
- The smooth surface provides convenience purification. This feature allows the use of registers in areas with high sanitary standards.
- Suitable for drying towels, linen and clothing.
The disadvantages of registers from smooth tubes include:
- Low heating surface per unit length, which makes use of large size equipment;
- Large metal;
- Larger diameters are forced to use a large amount of coolant, which makes the system very difficult to inertial and adjustable;
- Unattractive appearance of low-end models and the huge price of non-standard design configurations.
conclusion
Registers heating of the smooth tubes are durable "neubivaemaya" devices with good operational characteristics. They are relatively simple in design, assembly, and their calculation is quite possible to perform independently.
Properties of smooth registers cause their scope. These heaters can be found in public buildings, hospitals, warehouses, workshops, garages, greenhouses, hothouses, hangars, industrial halls. Tube radiators are perfect for bathrooms, large rooms, and non-standard architectural forms. In some cases it may be justified by their installation for heating private houses.
