Almost every modern city apartment has the possibility of expanding living space due to the use of additional space balcony or loggia. This will require work on warming the cold glass, and the walls, Floor and ceiling. Everyone who has faced with the need to solve this problem, it is helpful to learn about the technology, methods, steps, and materials that will be required.
Foam and mineral wool
2 apply the technology of preparation of cold and glazed rooms in the apartment:
- Warming of the balcony mineral wool.
- Use for the same purpose foam (penoplex).
Both approaches pursued goal 1 - creating on the balcony, the balcony or the heat-insulated and sealed shell, which as thermos wall prevents heat losses. To achieve it solves several problems for free:
- Construction of a vapor barrier.
- Protection from atmospheric moisture.
- Providing the durability of the protective layer.
- Maximum preservation of useful area.
- Finishing.
Similar goals and objectives determine the similarity of their technical solutions.
The problem of choice: the better to insulate a balcony or loggia, foam or mineral wool?
Expenditure and labor costs both ways are substantial differences, which can be neglected. The difference will be significantly noticeable only after the result. Thermal insulation made on the basis of foam, completely block the airflow. If the balcony is on the sunny side, with doors and windows closed it on a clear day will turn into a hot greenhouse, and there all the time will accumulate stale air and condensate. Stuffiness in the room will have to periodically ventilate. Mineral wool provides minimal "breathing" of the inner space, so the proper installation of insulation on its basis indoor climate is more favorable.
Advantages and disadvantages
With all the advantages of modern insulation foam-based professionals still advise to use for insulation balconies mineral wool. This is due to the following advantages of this material:
- It is better to insulate the room from the street noise.
- It does not require a perfectly smooth surface of the wall, which need to insulate.
- Combined with a "breathable" materials, such as wood. Therefore, an open balcony in front of her installation can sheathe clapboard.
- Endures exposure to high temperatures and does not burn when in contact with an open flame.
- When properly installed, it reduces the probability of random thermal bridges to a minimum.
- It provides convection is weak and does not allow for long-term accumulation of sportogo air.
In mineral wool and also has disadvantages compared with Penoplex and similar foam-based materials:
- Thermal insulating properties of less 10-15%. Therefore, for similar parameters need to install a little thicker layer of material, which adversely affects the reduction of the useful space.
- The total mass of thermally insulating coating 2 times greater.
- installation process is more demanding to having the experience and skills.
- installation technology requires additional surgery installation vapor barrier film.
- The material is a source of breathing hazardous dust, so to work with it becomes necessary to use respiratorv.
- More stringent technological requirements as their violation can lead to irreversible loss of thermal insulation properties, and getting into a dwelling harmful dust.
Features of work with insulation balconies
All work on the mineral wool insulation can be divided into several stages:
- Warming of the side walls, floor and ceiling.
- Installing the floor covering.
- Replacing cold glass (if any) on warm.
- Finishing decorative trim.
Before carrying out any work necessary to resolve the issue immediately with warm glazed. The fact is that now, balconies and loggias in new buildings in most cases have a cold glass. On the upper floors there is often full decoration front of the aluminum profile. On the lower floors of such structures are set to half the height of the balcony.
How to insulate aluminum windows with partial or full glazing on the balcony?
The most budget method insulation aluminum balcony in new buildings is to install multi-layer insulating glass, plastic, on the existing profile. If aluminum frame mounted floor to ceiling, in order to save instead of the bottom row of glass mounted facade panels, which are insulated from the inside as well as the side walls and the ceiling - mineral wool, or foam. Pasting only cold monolayer structure penofolom It will be insufficient for the conservation of heat, and for good insulation from the street noise. All seams of new multilayer insulating glass to the aluminum profile filled with silicone sealant and vilaterm.
Features thermal insulation of aluminum windows
After installing warm processing frames made all connections and gaps with foam:
- Particularly careful sealing process is carried out in the area abutting the aluminum structure to the wall, floor and ceiling.
- For additional protection, these zones are set flat strips of plastic or metal.
- Before foaming, the gap between the profile and the wall can be filled vilaterm.
- Outside on treated glued joints reinforced tape vapor barrier, one of which layers is an aluminum foil.
- If the bottom of the aluminum structure is covered with sheets of steklomagnezita, it is possible to close stenofonom, or the like. It is well-maintained two-sided adhesive tape and provides a high level of heat and sound insulation.
- The inner surface of the aluminum profile is closed vilaforma wide strips, which is set as the ceiling profile clamps.
- When installing the clamps, flashings and tapes vilaforma necessary to consider the distance that will hold the insulation of walls, floor and ceiling.
Insulated with mineral wool alone
Read on - insulation penofolom. How to fix, lay and glue.
Before you begin, you need to calculate the amount of material:
- Wooden timber 60 cm. Its amount depends on how many layers it is planned to make a protective layer.
- For laying a layer thickness of 10 cm is recommended to use a 5 cm thick cotton sheets and form of They second layer, where the blocks are arranged perpendicular to the direction of stacking the first layer.
- The adhesive for bonding the protective blocks and vapor barrier film is acquired from the calculation of the total area warms surface.
Preparation for the installation of mineral wool slabs
Obkladyvaetsya mineral wool slabs of the floor, side walls, ceiling and parapet (if any). Blocks of insulation material are placed inside a wooden lath. Her installation has the following features:
- The thickness of the wooden timber - 50-60 mm.
- Vertical or horizontal arrangement of the beam is determined by the structure and form of finishing decorative panels and their method of installation.
- Wooden elements are fastened with screws and dowels for concrete or brick wall.
- Gaps between the frame members under the mineral wool blocks should be smaller than the dimensions of these blocks by 1-2 cm for a snug fit.
- When two-layer method of laying insulation boards carcass second layer stacked crate perpendicular to the first layer.
Adhesive for mineral wool
Using a special glue, cement-base allows completely block the movement of air between the insulation and the insulated surface. Full sizing bilayer protection when the blocks are stacked perpendicular to each other, to create a dense monolithic random barrier without cold bridges. The additional fasteners can serve to block fungi - dowel nails with wide washers.
Vapor barrier
Vapor barrier material unwind roll along the top surface of the insulated layer with rock wool. The material is fixed by means of a stapler to wooden furniture carcass elements. Butt overlaps should be at least 10 cm. The joints are sealed with double sided tape further. All seams vapor barrier film to the ceiling, walls, floor and windows are closed profile sealing moisture-resistant tape.
Installing kontrbrusa
Kontrbrus serves for fixing a decorative trim panel. Before installation on its surface to abut against the vapor barrier coating is applied double-sided tape. Fixing is carried out using self-tapping screws to the elements of the sheathing located behind a layer vapor barrier.
Insulation on the floor
To set the frame under the floor insulation using a wider beam 50x100 mm. Step between joists is recommended to do this, as what was used when installing wall and ceiling. Under the slab 60 cm wide. you need to take a step 58-59 cm. for a more snug fit. The flooring can also be done in 2 layers. To install the insulation of the mineralized wool 100 mm thick. 2 is allowed to arrange a layer of 50 mm perpendicular to the mutual arrangement of blocks. Before installing the plywood or fiberboard on the layer insulation film is superimposed vapor barrier and is attached by means steplernyh staples. All compounds steam insulating material overlapping glued using double-sided tape.
The finish floor finish
In frame lag, closed vapor barrier film, stacked sheets of plywood or boards and are fixed with screws. Flooring recommended bilayer, where the elements of the second layer are stacked across the first element. Only then laid on top of linoleum, laminate or parquet last a long time.
The inner lining of the walls, ceiling and parapet
Selection of decorative panels for finishing warmed balcony is very wide:
- Plasterboard.
- Siding.
- Wall paneling.
- Decorative plastic panels.
If the insulation and vapor barrier has been set correctly, then no facecoat not suffer from changes in temperature, moisture penetration, or ice. The interior is insulated balcony becomes fully residential, and it can be used in this capacity throughout the year, which increases the overall living space of the apartment.
Inner trim insulated glazing
Metal clamps on the aluminum profile covering layer vilaforma, a plastic insulation is lined with decorative panels with the right shades, or painting. Multilayer windows become full-fledged apartment windows, balcony doors so you can not close.
Types of mineral wool and especially
Complete mineral wool insulation of the balcony does not always help to make warm and comfortable new room. For this purpose is better suited stone, or basalt wool for interior decoration. Its fibers are made from molten rocks and fastened special synthetic composition does not release harmful substances in hazardous quantities. Thermal insulation properties of such material are the highest, compared with a cheaper options - glass wool and slag wool.
Can I use glass wool for insulation balconies? Despite the low cost of funds on the basis of its insulation can not make the new premises completely residential. Even thick layer still cold air will pass inwardly and glass dust necessarily fall into the atmosphere.
available technology
The transformation of the balcony, or loggia into a full living room with the help of mineral wool insulation does not require special skills and made normal household tools:
- Hammer Drill.
- Screwdriver.
- Bulgarian.
- Hacksaw for wood and metal.
- Pliers and side cutters.
- A set of screwdrivers, a furniture stapler and stationery knife.
For precision work will need a tape measure and level. To protect against harmful dust can be used not only by professional respirator, but also ordinary cotton-gauze bandage. Work with wool mineralized best in construction gloves. After contact with her blocks exposed skin enough time to wash away all traces of soap in order to avoid allergies and itching.
