Cottages are increasingly equipped with small furnaces of various models. The oven interior already by their presence makes it warmer and cozier. And in the spring and autumn provide a comfortable temperature in rooms that are doubly pleased when outside the rain or blowing a damp cold wind.
The modern market offers a huge range of compact ovens for country houses, designed to run on different fuels:
- gas;
- electric;
- Model, coal, pellets or wood.
Great demand wood ovens. Dancing in the furnace tongues of living fire, killing the smell of the wood, particularly soft, enveloping and relaxing warm welcome and make them in small cottages and solid country cottages.
It, in this article, it will go on the wood-burning ovens.
See also: what oven choose to give?
Types of furnaces with wood
Decide on what will work your heater, you need to decide what will be its main parameters.
Modern wood ovens usually classified on the following parameters:
- purpose:
- Heating, their only task is to heating buildings;
- Boiler-heating. Warm several rooms and have special design elements (hobs), allowing you to cook and reheat food;
- Furnace boilers. They integrated water circuit, which allows their use in a water heating circuit or for hot water preparation. species such structures are stoves;
- Universal oven, equipped office for drying fruits, water-heating box, oven, chimney and summer Connection samovar.
- manufacturing material:
- Metal, with thin and thick walls;
- cast iron;
- brick;
- the installation site:
- version of the classic, designed for installation near the wall;
- angle;
- island. The construction of these furnaces allows to put them in the center of the room;
- combustion duration. This indicator is one of the most important. According to it, the furnace is divided into the model:
- short-term (up to 3 hours) burning firewood one bookmark;
- long (up to 12 hours), which is achieved through adjustment of air supplied to the firebox. The most popular models are the line furnaces Butakova and Buleryan.
also read about the bell-type furnace, And how to do it.
select the desired
Having decided that, in a country house should see a small furnace, the buyer proceed to the election. And the main argument in favor of a model should not be what it is "beautiful" or "reds." The oven is selected by other criteria, the most important of which is the forthcoming operating conditions:
- average outside temperatures;
- intensity and duration of use;
- the volume of the heated space;
- firing frequency;
- wood consumption;
- functionality;
- power;
- warming rate;
- for possible adjustments.
Answers to all these questions is required to have already before you started the selection.
Equally important are some other options:
- installation conditions (thin-walled metal stove can be put to the steel sheet, and may require furnace brick foundation);
- ease of work (possibility of self-installation);
- dimensions.
It is natural that when buying draws attention to the aesthetics of the model and the ability to organically fit it into existing interiors.
For many cottagers one of the most important criteria influencing the decision to purchase is the price of the furnace and the cost of its installation.
Related article - kinds and types of furnaces. The types and names.
steel furnace
All these models can be divided into two main groups.
The first collected walled furnace
In fact, small furnace for the cottages, are included in this group are variations on the classic "stove." It allows you to quickly warm up the room. However, thin walls poorly kept warm and cool down quickly. The weak point of such models are the welds. If the oven to warm rapidly, possibly cracking them.
These products consist of:
- firebox in which fuel is combusted;
- grate, which roll off the coals;
- the blower providing air adjustment to the combustion zone;
- ash tray, a place to gather ash;
- doors, providing the wood load;
- flue gases discharging carbon monoxide and other combustion products.
Such furnaces require frequent bookmarks, since wood burns very quickly and are heated in the shortest possible time. This is the best option for a small country house up to 30 m². Warming up is carried out in the shortest possible time.
A typical representative of this group can be considered
Thick-walled furnace, designed for long burning
Typically, such models are multi-fuel (wood pellets, coal, wood). Lengthening one bookmark fuel combustion is provided by reduction of the volume of air supplied to the combustion place due partly overlapped gate and complete overlap of the blower.
Air enters the dome under the firebox in small amounts sufficient to moderate the combustion, which prevents firewood extinguished.
These models are designed for heating buildings up to 100 square meters. Provided that the cottage is well insulated.
A typical representative of this group can be considered
Read - overview of pellet stoves.
furnace iron
These models are introduced to the market in a much smaller number. Used as a backup heat source, which can be used in emergency cases. In contrast to the thin-walled steel, iron furnace progrevshis quickly, heat is stored for a long time.
Products in this group are divided into two basic groups.
Related Articles - We do a simple stove made of bricks with their hands.
Long burning (multifuel).
Separate models are available with built-in additional air, allowing afterburning pyrolysis gases.
Oven with built-in heat exchangers and a water circuit.
Such models allow to equip the country water heating. Their power is sufficient to heat the one-storey and a large area of summer houses. Provided that CO threaded antifreeze coolant.
A typical representative of this group can be considered
brick furnace
Small brick oven to give it the most durable, reliable and a status option. But these are quite expensive furnace. The premises are heated slower than when using steel or cast-iron models. But this is offset many times as the heat and the duration of its storage.
The vast majority of the brick kilns constructively adapted for cooking. Some models can be used as fireplaces.
Most often in one of the ovens used as models of country:
- Dutchwoman
- Swede
- Kuznetsova furnace.
This is explained by the fact that the rulers of small furnaces of brick to give these models can be chosen to be sufficiently compact versions, like the furnace designs are available for self-laying (with strict adherence poryadovkoy), have an acceptable value (even when ordering work professional Pechnikov).
mentioned types of products allow you to choose the best model that:
- a summer house provide optimum temperature at a minimum flow of wood;
- uniformly warm the entire height;
- long to keep a comfortable indoor temperature cottages;
- have a maximum heating of the outer walls is not more than 95 ° C;
- oven must be completely safe and easy to use;
- its the calculated life (using the appropriate materials and properly executed masonry) must be at least 20 years;
- in exterior walls must be free of the appearance through the cracks. It is dangerous to human health (carbon monoxide gases enter the room);
- visually attractive appearance.
What will it take to work
If you decide to put the country brick oven yourself, start by selecting its type. Then the selected desired poryadovkoy (Internet or the technical literature). Possible to order the development of personalized design Pechnikov experienced. But it is quite expensive.
basic materials
Having poryadovkoy hand, can be sent to the procurement of materials (and missing tool). As a general rule, the list of required materials and the installation of fittings is approximately the same for all the brick kilns. The only difference is in the amount of required materials.
To work necessarily required:
- brick, but not all, and the one that is specified in poryadovkoy.
This material is divided into:
- size:
- 250 * 120 * 65 - the usual;
- 250 * 120 * 80 - thickened;
- 288 * 138 * 138 - modular;
- By strength (from mark 75 to mark 300);
- Variety:
- Masonry brick fits only the 1st and 2nd grades. Because it is put furnace body and chimney;
- Refractory (another name fireclay). This brick is designed for masonry firebox.
- Clay red (mild). The material used for manufacturing a masonry mortar. It is subdivided into:
- Fatty (sand impurities do not exceed 3%);
- Average (≤ 15%);
- Jejunum (about 30%);
- Sand (career best);
- Chamotte (desirable). This material was added in place of sand in the clay, in the manufacture of a solution for masonry furnace;
- Water (preferably, rainwater or distilled). It is strictly forbidden to work with hard water;
- Slaked lime. This material is required in the regeneration the foundation under the stoveAnd tip chimney, which rises above the roof;
- Cement. solutions based on it can be used instead of lime. For villa furnace will suffice grade 400 and above.
additional materials
- Steel profiles (if they are provided poryadovkoy);
- The steel sheet (for sheathing before the furnace);
- Annealed steel wire;
- Asbestos Cord;
- Waterproofing (roofing paper);
- Felt construction (for laying under predtopochny sheet);
- Refractory mastics (Russian "Guarantor" or "Monolith"), paint (for example, German Dufa Heizkorperlack).
If your financial possibilities are not limited to, possible to reduce the operation time (with simultaneous improvement of its quality). Obtain dry masonry prefabricated mixture. For example, from Scanterm ruler Finnish production (or analogs).
In addition to the basic and additional materials you need basic furnace devices (according poryadovkoy):
- The door, the combustion (better to take a sundeck, which will enjoy the fire dance);
- Ash-pit door;
- dampers;
- latches;
- Rotary damper;
- grate grate;
- Wind vane.
Tool
For convenience of work will need to have the following tools:
- Hammer stove-maker;
- Kirk;
- Building trowel (another name, trowel);
- Fancy masonry joints (preferred);
- Knife-cycle;
- A shovel to agitate the solution (can be replaced by an electric drill with a mixer);
- Measuring tool:
- Roulette;
- folding meter;
- plummet;
- square;
- levels: building, water (if present, laser);
- falcons;
- grater and polutorok;
- Bulgarian with a set of drives on a stone or concrete;
- extension.
In addition it would require a large capacity for the preparation of masonry mortar and water bucket.
execution of masonry
If before the furnace masonry was carried out exclusively on available poryadovkoy, today the Internet provides an opportunity to lay out a simple oven, guided step by step photos with comments. This option is much clearer to many cottagers. Since the correct reading poryadovok require initial knowledge of the furnace case and symbols.
We offer you a combined version (poryadovkoy + photos), tells of a simple masonry villa furnace. This model allows you to heat the room and cooking.
Construction of foundation
It is with this stage of work begins, if the oven is heavy. The embodiment considered by us does not exceed on the indicator 500 kg. Therefore, it can be placed without foundation manufacture.
In the case where the floors in country house weaknesses, it is strongly recommend that you tie on the future site of the furnace installation.
After that:
- execute waterproofing place masonry waterproofing sheet flooring material (roofing paper);
- over it form a sand bed of at least 10 mm;
- under the level (without masonry mortar) Put the first number (key 1 poryadovkoy given above);
- in the second and third rows have provided ash-pit door. Double winding its cord (asbestos) and fix using wire;
- we place the 2nd and 3rd row;
- 4-D is performed fireclay brick;
- The seat is placed grill grate. Since metal and brick different coefficients of thermal linear expansion in the formation of four-seat gap of 10 mm should be provided;
- fifth row masonry is carried out "on the edge". Form the stand inside the flue, subsequent to forming the inner walls. With negligible extension beyond the plane "dry" the back of the furnace wall (without the use of masonry mortar) is put "expelling brick";
- The 6-8 series will be the firebox door. Also wrapped with its asbestos cord on the installation perimeter, it is connected to the retaining wire. Then fix the door in position using several bricks (see photo).
- Put a second number "in the stretcher" along the contour of the fifth, then the seventh "on edge." Execute grouting of the inner walls of the chimney with a damp cloth (remove excess solution);
- 8th row is laid in the stretcher (flat) in the brickwork ¾ (blank correct length are executed grinder) to allow ligation of masonry joints. The rear wall of this number is put on edge;
- In the ninth row of the furnace door is blocked from the top. Above the combustion chamber, for the alignment of fire under the hob, put 'smoke tooth "(tapered bricks).
- 10th row, in order to hold the door, being in the open position, is laid offset to the rear brick. Before you start laying should pave the wet asbestos cord, which will act as a sealant on the contact line between the hob and brick;
- Since 11 is formed of a number of chimney (with stepwise displacement towards the rear wall). To this has not led to a shift of the center of gravity of the whole furnace, the push-tube is made (steel) or made addl;
- 12 series. This valve seat installation, which previously sealed cord of asbestos and clay daubed masonry mortar;
- Then the tube is put in a smoke ¼, which is joined to the metal tube;
- Expelling removed bricks from the chimney and removed construction debris accumulated there;
- Gap formed between the floor and the first row of brickwork, closes the L-shaped plate of metal. then nailed skirting.
- Carried whitewash furnace, after which the outer surface is covered with varnish refractory (furnace). The joints between the brickwork and metal structural elements further sealed. All furnace equipment is desirable to paint fire-resistant black paint.
- Perform a test furnace (small chips, paper). After that, the design is maintained 14-15 days to complete natural drying.
Below we present another set of photos, which shows that the brick oven, you can not just put "with zero ", but also to carry out its complete replacement with partial preservation of the design (in this case, the pipes and foundation).
Oven, stood at the cottage 18, took to upgrade. When comparing the two solutions: the repair or complete replacement of the furnace, after checking its actual condition was made the decision to replace, with preservation (in order to save money and time doing masonry) old foundation and chimney pipe.
For the execution of this work Mr. Rublev (who posted these materials Network) required:
- Kiln brick mark "Vitebsk" - 450 pieces;
- Fireclay bricks for the firebox - 40 pieces;
- Asbestos sheet - 1 sheet;
- Cement M400 - 1 bag;
- Chamotte clay - 3 of the bag;
- Refractory black paint, designed for use at temperatures up to 600 ° C - 1 cartridge;
- Refractory varnish (colorless) - 2 vials;
- Door with glass to the furnace - 1 piece;
- Ash-pit door (with the selection pattern in the basic tone) - 1 unit;
- Grate grate medium size - 1 piece;
Dampers and valves used with the old furnace.
And now look.
- Such was the oven to repair. Cracks in the plate, the gap around it and crumbling in the furnace bricks were the basis for the alteration.
- The pipe is preserved perfectly. And, with the consent of the master-stove-maker, it was decided to leave. Question fixing pipes after under it will not be the furnace was resolved very simply. On both sides of the walls in her cut a groove into which the insert corner. That the latter did not disperse, it fixed the wire. And under it brought two boards (this is the second floor of a country house).
- Then the oven began to be dismantled. In this case, the old brick tried to save for reuse. In this case, two of the top series retained on the tube. This eliminated the need to repeatedly pass wall, ceiling covering.
- Dismounting proceeds. It got to the oven. Since it is not necessary for a new furnace, remove.
- We get to the bottom of chimneys
- To remove all foundation
- This "look through the tube." The sky is clear. So pull guaranteed.
- Pecnik turned professional. So instead of jointing proposed to remove from them the chamfer. It turned out great.
- Laying the first brick of a new furnace
- The bottom row is ready. Inside the brick is laid / used.
- Here is the masonry by a professional
- Formed lower thermal camera (L-shaped).
Its location guarantees a grassroots warming up the air in the room. - Laying a number of firebrick under the base of the firebox. Clearly visible laid grate. On the right, the lower damper.
- It came the turn of the furnace door.
- Damper in all its glory (see photo 13)
- Installation of the hob 1 on the hotplate (fitting).
- Above the furnace master formed protruding visor of bricks. If the door will skip soot, she blurs the entire furnace wall and is held by this element.
- The hob is put on mastic. Near functional stile dish, which is very convenient.
- This' belly furnace ", one of the knees internal chimney.
- And it's all on the 3 knee "group portrait"
- furnace
- Almost in full growth. It is clearly seen visor and a slider (side view).
- Above the hob be stirred dryer.
- And here you can see how settled the issue of access of warm air. All ingenious is simple (Bottom View)
- Shelf above. It is followed by the vertical sections of the chimney.
- Oven has reached its ceiling, which for beauty also equipped with a visor.
- Begin laying pipe in the free space in an effort to combine it with an existing part.
- Here is the distance left between the new and old parts of the tube. Brick will not enter explicitly. And it is necessary.
- Professional that has not stopped. Pecnik just used two jacks and raised to the desired height of the remainder of the pipe.
- Completing the clutch connecting line and laid on top of it mortar.
- Omit the upper portion and it abuts on the solution.
- Varnish furnace brim surface and metallic elements. black paint. Work completed.
- Control insert.
Something like that.
