The annual rise in prices of basic energy, gas and electricity, forcing residents to seek alternative heating options. Fossil fuels such as coal and peat are familiar to residents of the provinces. It is not necessary to write off the wood fuel. Firewood still remain a popular fuel resource for residents of central and northern regions of our country. Availability, relatively low cost of solid fuels makes it a real competitor to gas and electricity, particularly when it comes to individual home heating. Stove heating back into our lives only in a different, more perfect and modernized form.
For the private sector residents, owners of country houses increased interest Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers. Traditional heaters for solid fuels today replaced by new models with high technological characteristics. The reason for the popularity, which today are Pyrolysis boilers, lies in the high efficiency of this type of units.
What are the heating boilers for solid fuel, pyrolysis type will understand more.
What is the pyrolysis
Solid fuel boiler that runs on charcoal or firewood for the old, traditional way - this is a relic of the past. Despite the fact that solid fuel remains relatively affordable, many confused low efficiency of heating of premises, heated traditional solid boilers. The situation today has changed radically. On the market of heating equipment came Pyrolysis boilers, cost-effective, highly efficient and powerful units. The enormous technological equipment of this type are required to pyrolysis innovative process for combusting a solid fuel.
Pyrolysis is a process of decomposition of organic compounds even under high temperature. Artificially restricting the access of air, can be converted into the usual fuel burning slowly current thermal decomposition of organic compounds. In the process of decay of organic fuel addition of thermal energy, a large amount of gaseous combustible substances. As a result, the process turns wood gas and charcoal. Another name for the final product - coke, organic material, 90% consisting of carbon.
The resulting pyrolysis of wood gas is an excellent fuel. Getting into the secondary combustion chamber is saturated with oxygen during burning gaseous allocates a huge amount of thermal energy.
Important! Contacting with the carbon or wood pyrolysis gas is almost completely burn out, leaving a CO2 and water vapor. The amount of carbon dioxide in this case is three times smaller than that allocated in conventional combustion of wood. This quality is important in the mass use of solid fuel boilers for residential heating.
The amount of ash remaining after combustion of wood gas significantly, which greatly facilitates cleaning of the boiler.
pyrolysis stages
To understand the principle of pyrolysis boiler need to have an idea of why and what is happening at each stage. Solid fuel boiler of this type has two combustion chambers. In the first combustion chamber is carried out final drying of the wood. boiler temperature at this point is 450 0FROM. In this step begins the generation of combustion products in the gaseous material - wood gas. Mixing with the feed by a fan warmed, secondary air, gaseous burns already at a temperature of 560 0FROM.
At this stage, the exothermic reaction is gaining momentum, creating in the end a high rate of combustion. The gas enters the second chamber where already supplied with oxygen burns much more intense. The temperature in the second combustion chamber is 1100 0FROM.
At each stage of combustion of the resulting product is squeezed out the maximum possible amount of useful work, respectively, boiler efficiency is significantly increased. To optimize the operation of the boiler in operation, the pyrolysis boiler design has vanes (gate). What are these tools?
After switching on the Jetstream furnace operates normally, heating mode. When fully loaded with fuel boiler via gate can set the most efficient combustion of the pyrolysis mode. Unlike conventional combustion exothermic reaction can be controlled. This feature made it possible to make automated boilers Pyrolysis heaters. Due pyrolyzed been fully possible to use a fuel timber as a result of bringing the combustion efficiency of the boiler to high values. Automation of the entire process minimizes human error, reduces fuel consumption.
In terms of the choice of fuel, pyrolysis boilers are omnivorous. For heating a dwelling house with the help of solid fuel boilers Pyrolysis type suitable firewood and sawdust briquettes of wood and peat pellets.
Design and operation of the boiler
Earlier it was said that the boilers of this type have a camera. The furnace is divided into a gasification chamber into which fuel and loading is carried out directly - combustor.
The figure shows the internal circuit arrangement of the solid pyrolysis boiler type
In the first chamber, where air flow is restricted, the fuel is loaded. The boiler starts and runs normally. In slow combustion of the fuel begins pyrolised, wood gas is released, which enters into the second part has combustor to the combustor. From that moment on solid fuel boiler goes into operation. Now begins the processes which are fundamentally different type of pyrolysis combustion boilers for solid fuel continuous burning process by direct combustion and traditional boilers.
In the first chamber heat loss is minimized. Typically models continuous burning solid fuel boilers space between the first and the second chamber is filled grate on which the fuel is placed.
On a note: already you can find the first major difference design of pyrolysis boilers of conventional solid fuel boilers. Primary air is supplied into the chamber from above, so fuel begins to burn slowly downwards. The so-called top-blowing principle. Link forced into the first chamber.
The second part of the furnace - a combustion chamber, where gas enters the fuel wood. A secondary chamber is filled, warmed air. There is already the principle of double blast.
After exiting the boiler to normal operating mode, the access of air into the first chamber is limited substantially. The combustion process practically stops moving in a state of decay. Fuel burns slowly. Each layer of the previous fuel in decay process involves gradually subsequent layer. Slow decay is accompanied by the constant evolution of wood gas. In this process, the solid pyrolysis boilers still called long burning boilers.
For reference: at the correct thermal calculations one fuel charge may be enough for 12 hours of normal operation of the boiler. In supporting mode Pyrolysis boilers can operate for long periods without human intervention. In some models, the figure is 24-48 hours.
In the second, the main combustion chamber of the wood burning only the gas which is in contact with the secondary air (heated to 300 t0 C) gives a tremendous amount of heat energy. Only now, the thermal energy comes into operation, heating the coolant circulating in the heat exchanger. Te in the structure of the pyrolysis type solid fuel boilers heated coolant is done not by direct solid fuel combustion, and already due to secondary combustion of combustion product - pyrolysis gas, fuel gas substances. This is the main difference between this type of boilers on solid fuel boilers other species.
The advantages of gas-boilers
Having an idea of how the solid-Jetstream furnace, a principle of action is the basis of this heater, can be solved for certain conclusions. Should I put at home this unit as far as the work of solid fuel boilers long burning is justified and effective for home heating. It is important to consider the advantages possessed by the pyrolysis boilers, namely:
- high efficiency, up to 85% in comparison with heating boilers for solid fuels other species;
- large filling chamber (ratio of usable volume to the most significant output of the boiler);
- simplicity and ease of the combustion chamber cleaning (cleaning irregular);
- heat-resistant steel heat exchanger;
- environmentally clean combustion process (absence of harmful combustion products);
- a wide range of fuel resource;
- fuel economy;
- automation of the process of adjustment of the boiler.
At some points should elaborate.
Ecology is an important factor, which draws attention to the operation of solid fuel boilers. Pyrolysis boilers in this regard just a gift for the host. In the process of burning fuel instead of smoke and soot produces carbon dioxide and water vapor, the substance without odor and color. The amount of organic unburned fuel particles in this case are minimized. Due to the pyrolysis boilers of this type can run on almost any fossil fuel.
The minimum amount of soot which has accumulated at the bottom of the combustion chamber can be easily removed during the cleaning of the boiler.
On a note: Waste wood and clothing manufacture can be used as fuel. It is appropriate to talk about the use as fuel of secondary raw materials. Simultaneously with the heating boilers the pyrolysis is carried out recycling type otdhodov. Such boilers are usually put on the wood-working industry, used in apparel and leather production.
Large loading chamber allows you to load into the pot at one time a significant amount of fuel. In pyrolysis boilers of all solid fuel boilers is the highest value of the ratio of useful volume to the power of the boiler. In other words, the more loaded the fuel, the longer the boiler works without your participation. In this recipe, and built a high efficiency of heating appliances of this type.
Table I shows the process parameters pyrolysis solid fuel boilers of various capacities
| rated power | kW | 15 | 18 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 98 | 130 | 150 |
| efficiency | % | 85 | |||||||||
| L /D logs, no more | cm | 38 x 15 | 40×15 | 41 x 15 | 45 x 15 | 45×15 | 70 x 15 | 72×15 | 90 x 20 | 90×20 | 95h25 |
| Fuel Load, max | kg | 20 | 22 | 24 | 30 | 50 | 62 | 75 | 170 | 185 | 200 |
| operating cycle min | hour | 8-12 | |||||||||
| Water pressure, max | Bar | 1,5 | |||||||||
| Noise level max | dB | 8 |
Unlike other models, which are very difficult to adjust due to its inertia, Pyrolysis boilers on the contrary, perfectly amenable to management. Availability of new models of automation ensures almost complete autonomy solid long burning boilers.
Disadvantages of gas-boilers
The principle of operation of solid long burning boilers are so practical and profitable to speak of deficiencies for this heating technology, only to take the time.
The only significant drawback of such technology - the high cost of equipment. Despite the fact that the boilers have a high profitability and repaid during the operation, initially have to invest quite heavily.
Another aspect you should pay attention to is the significant technological restrictions on fuel moisture. Pyrolysis can only be prepared with a dry and fuel.
On a note: If wood or pellets have a moisture content of more than 20%, your gas generator will remain cold. After the primary air supply, a small flame is extinguished.
Most of the models of pyrolysis units for industrial use, work on the forced draft. It is appropriate to talk about the need for constant supply of injection pump.
Combustion chamber in the first type of pyrolysis heater may disappear due to the low temperature of the coolant circulating in the heating circuit. For heating large areas often there are situations when the return arrives cooled coolant. To prevent unplanned stop the machine during connection often used to mix with an additional circuit, through the three-way valve. You can do the installation of the bypass - bypass pipe.
The use of boilers in the home
As a result of familiarity with the units of the pyrolysis type has already been said about where and how can use this type of equipment. The perfect place for solid fuel appliance will woodworking production, furniture and pulp and paper mills. In a word objects, where ever, in large quantities, there are industrial wood waste.
If there was a desire to equip a home heating system based on pyrolysis boiler, you should think about a wood stock. At the same time have all the firewood previously subjected to further drying. To solve the problem quickly and easily help pellet boiler.
The heating equipment of this type is similar in structure and apparatus pyrolysis combustion units long. The only difference is used as fuel or combustible granules, pellets, wood products and secondary treatment of organic waste.
Almost all models are equipped with an automated feeding device, which greatly facilitates the process of loading the furnace. Compact dimensions, which have pellet phones allow them easy to install in private homes.
Proper connection billet fuel and compliance with operational requirements, make solid propellant gas generator effective and convenient source of heat.
