Despite the fact that gas heating is by far more cost-effective in some cases for heating industrial buildings and private dwellings used solid fuel boiler or electric heating instrument.
View heater, a clear idea about the technology needs of the heating equipment, help you decide what is suitable for the given situation. Option with electricity expensive, impractical on economic parameters that require heating large areas. Let us dwell on solid fuel fired boilers. Firewood, coal, wood waste, all is what is always available, can act to go into the furnace solid fuel boilers. The better to heat a solid fuel boiler, you decide. The possibility of fuel supply of the heating system, highly individual. Deal with the situation when it comes to solid fuel boilers, what kind, what model equipment preferred.
What better boiler - evaluation criteria
What a boiler is better or worse, it has become clear in the course of operation of heating equipment. The only possibility that will allow further avoid disappointment exclude additional costs is a correct assessment of the existing autonomous heating options for solid fuel. What are the assessment criteria: better or worse, for solid aggregates?
For heating equipment important are the following criteria:
- capacity of the proposed models of solid fuel boilers;
- availability of fuel, its cost;
- technological parameters of heating boilers;
- safety of heating equipment;
- equipped with automatic control systems;
- switching to gas heating.
to the desired power requirements fuels define the technological parameters of units. These include size, the number of combustion chambers, operating principle, the method of loading fuel.
Productivity, performance, safety as are the key aspects on which we can say for sure - the boiler is better than the other models.
How to calculate the optimal power settings
As in the case with gas boilers, the method of calculating power solid-boilers is carried out on the same principle - 1 kW is required for heating to 10 m2 the area of the interior. Ceiling height is also taken, based on the average value of - 3 m.
For instance: for heating a house or industrial building a small area of 150 m2 It needs a solid fuel boiler 15 kW. Why? 150 /10 = 15.
Sometimes boiler output is calculated taking into account the internal volume of the space. Here it is necessary to take into account such factors as the thermal insulation of the room. For calculation of an isolated and well insulated space taken factor 40. Building insufficiently insulated corresponds to a factor of 60. For building area of 150 m2 with a ceiling height of 2.5 m. we do calculations
For instance:
150 x 2.5 x 40 = 15000Vt (15 kW) - capacity of the equipment, the optimum for heating buildings with good thermal insulation.
150 x 2.5 x 60 = 22500Vt (22.5 kW) - optimum power unit for heating the room with poor thermal insulation.
Important! For rated power of the equipment used also for hot water supply, it is necessary to add up to 50% of design capacity. In indirect heating water in a boiler or heat exchanger would require significant additional power and a larger amount of wood or coal.
For premises issue of domestic hot water is especially important. In this situation it is necessary to solve an important question, what type you prefer and how much of it is required for the normal operation of individual heating system.
What fuel stop
Today is used for solid fuel boilers variety of fuels:
- brown coal;
- coke;
- coal;
- peat;
- wood, wood products.
Assume that the power of the heater, regardless of whether it burn wood, coal or pellets, will be the same error. Each fuel has a calorific its parameters, so the power unit and loading the combustion chamber may be different in each case, respectively.
For reference: less caloric fuel can lead to a drop in power solid-aggregate 20-30% of the design data. Unprepared fuel resource (high humidity) leads to an even more pronounced loss of power of the heating equipment.
The technical documentation of the heating device manufacturers usually indicate the recommended type of fuel, and alternatives. The main type of combustible material will increase the duration of the operation of boilers without fail. Best combustible material may provide little effect when used in equipment of this type, as additional fuel.
For optimal evaluation of the quality of the heating equipment is necessary not only take into account the power requirements of the heater and technological parameters of fuel resources, but also carefully study the varieties of existing heating devices for solid fuel.
What types of solid fuel boilers are now represented in the market
The decision as to which solid fuel boiler is best depends on a number of factors, which in each case are of decisive importance. Depending on the fuel capacity of the equipment and the type of unit is heated is dependent on solid fuels.
Today in the domestic market are solid fuel boilers for heating the following types:
- traditional (steel or iron) heating apparatus;
- Pyrolysis (gas generating) boilers;
- heating solid continuous burning appliances;
- pellet heating units.
All units have their specific advantages and disadvantages, therefore, to assess the most suitable type of equipment, you must take into account a number of nuances.
With traditional models of devices for solid fuels particularly difficult arises. Devices of this kind resemble oven. And fuel supplying method and furnace construction itself, and the device chimney, all of these elements are similar to conventional oven apparatus. For such heating apparatus are commonly used coal or wood. Devices traditionally manufactured in two versions - steel and cast iron.
If you want to have at home a simple and reliable heating device - the traditional model is for you. Here you will not find any complex automation or electronic devices, which usually affect the cost of heating equipment and often cause the output of heating equipment from damage. Heating devices of the traditional type equipped with a mechanical regulator heating temperature. The entire system is designed for long and trouble-free operation.
What a boiler is better if you have a limited amount of fuel, but it is desirable to have powerful equipment, with high efficiency. The answer is simple, get the device type pyrolysis. Using such a heating device, with the same volume of fuel material, such as for traditional aggregates can obtain significant heat gain.
In boilers pirolliznyh whole process is divided into three phases: drying of fuel, synthesis of combustible materials in the gaseous state, burning the gaseous substance. Fuel is synthesized by 85%, giving an air-gas fuel mixture. The result is a huge amount of combustion heat. Fan operation provides a continuous flow of fresh air, thereby adjusting the direction of the flame. Moreover, that type pyrolysis apparatus equipped with a system of secondary, preheated air, which increases the intensity of combustion.
Good heating device, which will burn wood or coal - long burning boiler. The main difference between this heating technology from other designs, these models are not whimsical to maintain. The high efficiency of this equipment is achieved due to a fundamentally different method of combustion of combustible material. The combustion chamber is devoid of an open flame, the thermal effect is achieved due to corruption of the fuel layer.
The figure shows a hardware diagram of a device employing long wood briquettes for combustion
In conclusion, a few words can be said about such a heater as pilletny boiler. The fuel is granulated wood - Pillet. For that category of consumers who live in areas rich in forest resources and have consistently hand woodworking products pilletnye heating units ideal heating equipment.
Models of this type with automatic feed mechanism of the fuel into the combustion chamber, making them competitive products.
Useful volume loading chamber and the power boiler
On what to look for when evaluating a solid fuel boiler to heat your home, this is what is at the aggregate ratio of useful volume of the loading chamber and the power. For different heating devices, this ratio vary. Most solid fuel boilers have optimal ratio, in this case. The higher the number, the better for you.
On a note: useful volume - the amount of fuel that can at a time to lay in the combustion chamber of the heating unit. The maximum values of the useful volume of the fuel vehicles have a top-loading model. Such devices with front-load, also have high values of the effective volume. However combustor fuel loading device such material will require more time and effort.
Traditional models of equipment for solid fuel table gives an idea of the ratio of usable volume to the power
| Steel Boilers 26l / 13kVt = 2 l / kW |
| Steel boilers 61L / 1.9 = 32KW |
| Cast iron boilers 21l / 1.75 = 12 kW |
| Cast iron boilers 73l / 2 = 35 kW |
With the pyrolysis units the situation is different: one refueling enough for it to get warm for 6-10 hours of burning. Efficiency of the heater is 90%. The main and distinguishing feature of this type of machinery - two combustion chambers. Filling chamber is large, and the volume, if you compare them to the furnace apparatuses of conventional types.
The first chamber is used for primary combustion. It is here that due to shortage of oxygen occurs pyrolysis - the process of generating a combustible material in a gaseous state. In the second chamber already occurs synthesized afterburning the gaseous fuel. This technique is designed for use for lighting hardwood. The table shows the pyrolysis apparatus.
| 86l / 3.44 = 25 kW |
| 138l / 3.8 = 36 kW |
| 110l / 4.4 = 25 kW |
| 294l / 4.9 = 60 kW |
The next type - pilletnye solid fuel heating devices. Here, fuel loading is carried out mechanically. Burning time depends on the volume of the load chamber. Some models are equipped with pneumatic devices of fuel resource. The ratio for the boilers of this type are shown in the table below.
| 725l / 24 kW = 30 l / kW |
| 725l / 45 kW = 16 l / kW |
A special place in this list are heaters continuous burning. Burning time in the combustion chamber from a load in such aggregates significantly reaches 12 hours, 24 or 48 hours. Hardware feature consists in that the combustion in the combustion chamber is not upwards and vice versa, from the top down. As a result, wood, coke or coal smoldering. Parameters usable volume ratio to the power to devices of this type are shown in Table
| 200L / 10 = 20 kW |
| 350l / 17.5 = 20 kW |
| 500l / 40 kW = 12.5 |
conclusion
Determine the best model of solid fuel boilers long burning, thus fundamentally solve the issue of the organization of independent heating of industrial buildings and homes. Although each situation requires an individual approach to the estimated capacity of the heater. Best disgusting heating devices can operate, is provided with neither the fuel that corresponds to the process data equipment. Conversely, a simple model can be effective and reliable.
How the unit will work well, time will tell. Only a competent design and thermal calculations can guarantee the satisfactory operation of any heating equipment.
