Since time immemorial, our ancestors were built adobe oven. They are usually built in villages and because of the lack of a chimney is called the first versions of these designs furnaces "black." Accordingly, the house, where there was a stove made of clay of the type called "smoky" hut. This name is directly dependent on the structure of the furnace, since the smoke filled the first housing, and only eventually out through a small hole (verhnik) from the ceiling to the outside. It is clear that the whole hut was filled with smoke, and through the window, which was built specifically for this purpose, not only out gases and smoke, but almost all of the heat.
Building materials
The first thing you need to create a furnace design, this clay mortar, which need a lot. Besides the main substance, it comprises more sand and water. When you are building a fat fine clay, which has a little reddish. Before use, it is recommended to soak in barrels or other large containers, then mix well.
Tip! For almost perfect homogeneity of the mixture, stirring the clay feet recommended since it did in the old days.
The exact ratio of the ingredients clay solution - does not exist, since the material in each location has its richness. In order to get a high-quality mixture, it is necessary to make a number of different formulations in small amounts and in a practical way to choose the desired option.
Important! Solution depends on the quality of the quality of operation of the furnace design. Therefore, ultimately the solution should be compact, dense and uniform.
Benefits
Today, interest in earthen ovens begins to increase. They build not only the villagers but also the urban population. Build can be both indoors and outdoors. Therefore, today very popular clay oven, which build in the garden, in the suburban area.
The structure itself is not particularly complicated. Every self-respecting man and the real owner can own hands to build a adobe. To do this, you need two things: the material and a great desire.
Most popular adobe ovens today due to their obvious advantages. They are characterized by:
- ease of creation;
- compactness;
- environmental friendliness;
- low cost;
- practicality.
In addition, such a construction can be used for:
- space heating;
- cooking extraordinarily tasty, flavorful and wholesome food;
- baking bread, including the hearth, which does not get stale for a long time and has a specific pleasant taste.
What are the different methods of creating clay ovens
Adobe oven with his own hands can be built in two ways:
- Using the formwork. This option was used in those cases where it was necessary to build a small center, with which it was possible to bake bread, cook casseroles.
- With the use of clay bricks or blocks formed. Such designs provide multifunctionality Russian furnaces.
Glinobite in the formwork
First Embodiment - more complicated and requires more time and cost of the solution. Therefore, first discuss this option - a very reliable and cheap, but it is more complicated.
Consider how the oven is constructed, "black", which is placed in the garden, next to any premises or in any other place on the street. Earthenware oven for baking bread has such external dimensions: 0,6h1,2h1,6 m.
but beforeThan proceed directly to the construction, it is necessary to create a foundation. For this digging a small trench 25-30 cm deep, the bottom pour liquid clay is deposited onto her stones, which are also coated with a solution of the clay. After that, lift the clutch to a height of 20-25 cm above the ground level the area with a solution, put waterproofing.
Sealing portion further need to block two layers of boards (25 mm) in a cross-wise, which will facilitate uniform distribution of the load on the base structure.
For device hearth and the hearth at a height of about 20 cm spread certain number of stones that are filled with liquid is not very clay, and its layer above the stones should be about 5 cm.
After that deal with setting the outer and inner formwork (see. Fig.). The structure of the outer structure - easier: a box having dimensions 60h120h160 cm.
Internal formwork can be a good look in the picture. The front is equipped with a centering hole of about 20x20 cm, which is useful in the process of burning the formwork.
In order to avoid unnecessary strain, the outer part wedged pegs. After this it is necessary to hammer in the space between the formworks previously prepared clay.
To improve the quality of the structure, it is necessary to lay low clay layers (10 cm) and well tamped.
To the whole structure was solid, the angles and the roof must be reinforced by means of 10-12 mm rods. Also it lends itself to the reinforcement and the mouth that will have a height of about 32 cm.
Important! The bars should be placed at a height of 10 cm above the upper edge of the mouth portion and the inner formwork.
Read: BBQ oven - the types and characteristics.
The furnace of adobe blocks
The second method is most often used by wealthy people who could purchase bricks or blocks for furnace construction.
Today, blocks or bricks out of clay you can do with your hands. For this purpose it is necessary to knead the clay solution until until a uniform composition and dense layer, which after the formation, it must be cut into blocks of a certain size. With such building elements and stove.
It should be remembered that during the creation of structures, do not use any solution for the link between an adobe bricks. Joints between them must be compacted by means of hammers.
For giving the furnace a particular shape, are homemade formwork that 2-3 weeks after constructions burned inside the structure when a first "idle" operation. There is a view that before a full-fledged operation is necessary several times inside the light a small fire with sticks, to the whole structure completely dried up gradually.
Creating a furnace of adobe
Many people want to build their own furnace itself. For those who do not know what it is, let us say that she - an environmentally friendly building material, the main ingredient which is a clay, mixed with straw, hay, wood shavings, manure, or other substances that increase its strength. To reduce shrinkage during drying, added to the mixture a little sand. Depending on the purpose of the furnace structure, it may be of various shapes.
The construction of the furnace of summer
Design indoor mostly built of adobe bricks or blocks. But with your own hands, you can do using Adobe layers, for example, the summer or as it is called, outdoor oven.
Council: best to start construction in early summer, as influenced by the natural heat of summer construction is well dry!
An algorithm for constructing a street structures made of adobe following:
- Prepare substrate for future furnace design. You can use a regular brick, which must be put in a semicircle, and the inner part - fill broken brick, glass or other material. For the hearth is necessary to use fireclay bricks.
- Knead the clay with straw (preferably indented) and sand in a large container (you can use the b / a bathroom). This is best done barefoot, while keeping an eye to form the mixture was viscous and homogeneous.
- Based on the prepared using wet sand, to create a form for future construction on which denote input. Usually, its hemispherical building, and wet sand is ideal for the creation of such a form.
Council: for better adhesion to the adobe brick base, it is necessary to wash off the sand around the mold and, at the same time, moisten the surface.
- Place the cob on, under, or around the shape. Thereafter, gradually building material is placed on the previous layer and slowly move to the top. We must remember that the higher the sand dome, the thinner must be masonry, otherwise the design can "swim".
Read also about how to cook clay masonry furnace.
All construction is done, and you need to wait until it dries, then it must be a bit smooth trowel. This technique will prevent the structure from sticking to it, dry grass, leaves and other debris. If the design will be more or less dry, then with the inner part of the select sand, which has already played a role. It is also recommended in the dome lit small fires to structure dries quickly. It is possible to construct the furnace adobe to the chimney flue and the variant without it, as shown in the photo.
Thus, an adobe oven - not just a building structure, and it can be said - part of our history, one of the most ancient Russian tradition, if you like. And it is - is really true. Therefore, let us respect our history, our customs, our traditions to multiply and then everything will be fine. We are convinced of this!