A spiral staircase with your hands: the forms, calculations and drawings of 75 photos

To move between floors have long erecting ladders, and even high-speed elevators are not able to drive them out. Quickly move between two adjacent levels is possible due to the stairs, because the elevator sometimes have to wait a long time. A spiral staircase, in turn, can conveniently connect several storeys high hall, because of what has been widely used in hotels. The private property thanks to her form attractive designs without the intervention of a huge space. The design is really less cumbersome option than direct march, and allows the use of the territory in the immediate vicinity. Not all spiral staircase narrow - there are options with wide gaps to improve the aesthetics of the interior space of large buildings. Key aspects for helical stairs are safe and comfortable. In such use lifts screw type winders.

Features a spiral staircase in the interior

After the period of the Middle Ages such stairs the second time have gained popularity in the 50-ies of XX century, in the era of rapid development of constructivism and functionalism. In the modern interior - is a stylish element that emphasizes manufacturability. Steps on the spiral stairs arranged radially, because of which is patterned like a threaded screw. This feature allows you to save form a large amount of space and, in fact, the title is displayed on the design. Helical ladder different number of turns, size of segments, manufacturing and material kind of supports. The only support can act as a base vertical staircases, and in some cases further supporting strut is mounted. Part of the steps are sometimes forced, and in some cases specifically fixed to a wall, if the room layout allows it.

Despite the fact that designers comply with the norms and standards for spiral staircases, clients access to a wide range of variations of form. Designs differ greatly patterned steps and number of turns.

Advantages and disadvantages

The right choice begins with a study of strengths and weaknesses. Spiral staircase design will make a simple and straightforward design of the original, while preserving precious cubic meters. twisted ladder project is selected based on the features of the room and individual needs, despite the fact that for the manufacture of curved design in general takes less material. Location height of the steps, the number and size - all of these figures may vary significantly. Plus, in general, more, however owners of houses and apartments with more than one floor should be aware of the negative side. The first difficulty usually occur at the design stage, because the production of radial designs require complex calculations with fractional numbers. Operate normally spiral staircase for lifting large items can not be, in fact, even two people it is difficult to miss her.

A large number of people on the lift at one time creates a danger for the construction of the load. The main disadvantage however is that of the usual steps you can climb much faster.

Even complex shaped version can be mounted with a minimum of materials and good saving money from it.

The main types of the spiral staircase

Distinguish these types of spiral staircases:

• plain;
• cantilevered;
• without stand;
• classic with the reception.

A simple embodiment is closed, - or rather limited by walls, wherein part or all sides. In this case, the narrow side steps come from a thick support, and broad - abut the adjacent surface. Cantilever type structures implies a fully open staircase where helical elements drawing out the free space and often limited to a handrail for safety climbing. On the side of the rod or narrow steps do not change in size, matching the preferences of some designers and ordinary citizens. Spiral and several other models are lack of supporting pillars. The role of the carrier element in which performs a bowstring, it is usually combined with lateral obstacles. The classical structure is a rod threaded on the step. That's options with the central rack like most in the structure of the rotor and through them a kind called "spiral".

Components and elements of finished spiral staircases

In most cases, the spiral staircase is a perfect circular structure on top of the center plane of the pedestal, as well as with steps m long around the perimeter. Moreover, the use of steps and a half meters long disadvantageous in terms of space savings. Helical structure may consist of a support post, a bowstring, the side fences, railings, banisters, support walls and stairs. Center support is present in the 3 types of ladders. She is thin and can occupy a lot of space. In the second case, a spiral staircase most likely originally envisaged. Rails (rail) is mounted on the baluster or provide integrally with the side fence. Balusters or fence is not on all the stairs, for example, the miniature structures sometimes manage without them. As a support capable of playing string and solid piers. The latter have a height of the first floor, or completely hide the structure. Tread made as simple modular stairs or steps under the "duck step".

Materials manufacture stairs

Main options:

1. Wood;
2. Metal;
3. Glass;
4. Concrete;
5. A rock.

The material depends on the structural strength and service life, price, method of installation, compatibility with the surrounding environment. Ladders may be performed entirely of one material by the design features, however combined variants predominate practice. All depends on the overall aesthetics and character of the load. Iron constructions erected in areas of heavy use, the load on the foundation is sometimes lower than that of concrete and stone staircases. Plastic and other non-core materials made railings, decorative items. A new variant of the construction of stairs became available with the advent of solid glass. However, high construction is considered a risky decision, and aesthetic properties of the glass are not universal. Wood and stone are perfect for decorating the road conditions. Concrete recognize the most convenient material from the design point of view, but it does not limit the possibilities for the construction of the unusual stairs.

Wood

Natural wood is in demand, even in a modern design with its technological focus. After processing in natural resources it is part of the useful qualities, providing an advantage over other materials. Stairs made of wood resistant to various stresses, possess high strength. The described features of the material retains for decades. Resistance to moisture and protection against small pests provide special impregnation. In addition, the coating compositions give impeccable appearance. The natural color of the wood is used as a ready-made design solution, and a large selection of paints for wood will satisfy the most demanding. Availability of skills to work with wood to help with the self-assembly of a small ladder. However, the very design - for professionals. In the modern period, the tree is often combined with metal, which opens up opportunities for stylistic solutions.

Metal

Often used:

• cast iron;
• stainless steel;
• carbon steel;
• aluminum.

For any important design strength and durability, so some consumers do not see an alternative to metal. Iron, for example, not only is resistant to mechanical stress itself, but also to disruption of the aesthetics of the coating. The relatively low price means that the metal is in an attractive category of price / quality. Besides the tendency to corrosion negate powdered dyes. Last have a positive impact on the appearance of the material. Palette pigments for coloring metal includes a large inventory of colors and shades. Nickel plating and chromium plating further improve the coverage. The metal with a small weight, aluminum is used for the construction of strong spiral staircases. Thus it is possible to avoid an excessive load on the bearing elements of the building. Aluminum is known and anticorrosive properties. Stylish interior Technology Hi-tech, biotech, techno and minimalist make out using stainless steel.

Glass

Transparent glass options are found in the business centers, stores, offices, spas. Using a large amount of glass at home - not the best solution, but the ability to competently organize space paired with original spiral staircases have a positive impact on room. Design glass constructions mainly in the hallways and in the kitchen and in the living room, permitting an interior decoration. Transparent stairs in any case placed in the most conspicuous place, the location of other options do not make sense. The glass itself - brittle material, but acrylic and tempered for strength even better than wood. Stairs made of impact-resistant glass can be built on many floors. They are becoming more popular tinted versions. Pigmented glass fit into the interior, was not originally designed to accommodate objects of glass.

Concrete

Stairs from this material will cost a relatively small amount, but at the same time a lot of weight. Despite the lack of concrete decorative qualities, this option is recommended for use to those who wish to construct a peculiar design. Ladder collected from the carcass with reinforced elements, with the addition of a binder solution, for example, made of cement. Used metallic inclusions of any shape. Because of this, you can experiment with the string configuration without issuing special orders. It is noteworthy that the presence of the frame and is the main disadvantage of concrete structures, but does not force developers to give up creative ideas. Ladders are monotonous or structure with a concrete base, a handrail, and steps bowstring, or the material used to form separate parts.

A rock

Strong and durable material. Stone steps - ideal for an expensive interior, for example, under the baroque or classicism. On a variety of texture and color of stone products are superior to all others. Stone surface is perfectly smooth, slightly rough, chipped with small, grainy texture. Even an ordinary stone looks beautiful and expensive, and a large budget allows the owner to experience the beauty of the stairs of malachite, marble or other valuable species. Among the disadvantages, in addition to high prices, it is worth noting the complexity and duration of construction, a lot of weight. The massive stone staircase erected only from the first floor. It is because of high load structure of stone are much rarer. Designers carefully calculated possible base under them and it is typically formed of brick or concrete, using metallic inclusions. The stone is used not only as the main material, but also as a decoration for the steps.

Form ladder

Projects sometimes lay straight-configuration, which involves the use of winder steps and have different radii or displacement of the windings. Winder steps are screw and rotary. A first embodiment is used, including in the construction of spiral staircases, and sometimes closed helix is ​​converted to an open branch. In this type of stairs between the levels it is perfectly round space oval layout is rare. Spiral staircases are in the category of curvilinear, the main feature of which is the lack of central support. Classic spiral staircase has a rack. For curved and also include the circular stairs. In curved stair treads sometimes "diluted" a small playground. As for turning steps, they are required to make a bend to the right or an acute angle. Such turns and gave the name of the rectangular spiral staircase. The latter consists of a large number of flights, at least three to one level.

Some projects combine helical and straight pattern in one solution - an abstract design lovers should look to such ideas.

How to design - calculation parameters

Designing includes ten main accounting figures, not counting blank sizes. The length of each spiral stairs should be at least 80 cm. A suitable width of the central part of the tread - no less than 20-25 cm. The stepsize is determined by the width of the workpiece and the difference of the final product, the length and angle. To create a project drawing is better to use special calculator. You must define and implement indicators such as the total lifting height, the coil diameter, distance, forming the inner radius. By the calculations necessary to add the number of steps, their key features: the length, width, thickness and angle (if the width of the tread varies in both ends). Measured as the height span between the steps, and they are the vast majority of ordinary screw and a substantial portion of the curved staircase. The last significant figure for the calculations - the angle of rotation of the ladder. Straight-options are designed with a lot of additional data.

The optimum size of the ladder and its elements

A key part of the lift system is a stepping stone. Their dimensions are governed by rules and recommendations. The distance from the inner diameter to the outer edge is called the length, while the transverse component - wide. The recommended length value is in the range of 80-150 cm. The central part of the steps can not be done for 20 cm, moreover, on the widest part of the recommended take no more than 45 cm, wherever it may be. The interval between the steps are typically designed zero or negative, because the gap will not add to the comfort in use of the stairs. We rounded lifts the height of the gap between the tread steps do more than direct marches. The optimal value - 18-25 cm. Railing better positioned at a minimum height of 100 cm. The total height of the construction - the time of the individual in the first place it is important to match the exact level of the building. It has a value and the width of the place on the step, which is usually walks people - for convenience it is recommended to leave at least 25 cm.

Production ladder construction details

The main carrier element, the support post is made from a metal pipe, at least - of a wooden rod, bricks or concrete. The diameter of the embodiment is made of metal with a thickness of 5 cm, the remaining 15 or 50 cm. The center stack is made with a margin of safety based on the weight of all the elements of several people and heavy luggage. Steps, in turn, it is easy to do yourself. It is recommended glued bars. First, a template is formed, and then each step is cut out from the blank with a markup radius. Latest, top notch best business platform flush with the floor and with a greater width. Regarding racks and balusters, it requires not less than 50 × 50 mm in sectional wood and 15 × 15 mm for the metal. Independent production balusters will be an interesting pastime, needed only minimal skills to work on a lathe and the circuit. Railings, in turn, have a curved structure, so all options for creating characterized by a high level of complexity:

1. Sawing short pieces from a single array.
2. Bonding of thin veneer.
3. Sawing curved parts of the unit.

Features ladder assembly

The first step is set post, if such support is provided for the project. We need the help of experts, because the curvature provoke gradual destruction. Setting column is produced on the supporting heel. Then, a polyethylene tube is wrapped and fastened thereon steps using special sleeves. Installation of horizontal elements produce stairs and rails. In the process guided by a spirit level. Instead Bolz also use poles or jib. They are necessary in heavy constructions to direct the load on the bearing more uniformly. Railings installed relatively easily. When boltsevoy fastening system as used for racks embedded metal pipes. Handrails attached pin. Curved options to collect more difficult without central support, thus it is necessary to accurately calculate the load on the string.

Decoration and lights spiral staircases

Creation of original design is better to start at the design stage. The bulk of the attention devoted to the form of steps. On the finished stairs decorated with a support post and railing. Pillar can be decorated with artificial plants, railing - drawings or even bookshelves. In this sense, as well as the security solid railing better. Metal lift stylize in the historical motives or for industrial purpose object and steps decorated with wrought forms. Supporting part and ladders erected in the form of modules to store items that, among other things, adds the stability of the structure. Lighting for stairs used for practical and decorative purposes. In a dark place it is absolutely necessary, and on the other hand - placed on a pedestal or steps, it gives the design effectively and ease. Equipped with neon or LED lighting, stairs, looks presentable and can conveniently be used in the dark.

The decor of the spiral staircase, you can successfully negotiate with a number of styles, including:

• US;
• constructivism;
• high tech;
• Victorian;
• Spanish;
• minimalism;
• village.

conclusion

A spiral staircase - a remarkable invention. The design follows the common standards for the natural environment around the form and at the same time transforming the situation or supplements. Stairs with turns erected mainly inside buildings, although they are useful anywhere. For unambiguous advantages include small size and original look. Of the minuses emit a reduced load-bearing capacity and long-term growth, although compact versions with support arm on the last figure is almost not inferior to straight stairs. As is the case with straight versions, project cost varies greatly. the stairs are now doing mainly in large private homes, although in the Middle Ages they were building in public use - in the towers and belfries. The structure of the spiral stairs is closed, cantilevered, spiral, and with the central rack. From the materials used wood, metal, stone, concrete and glass. Some details can calculate and make their own hands.