Language is a character system consisting of sounds, words and sentences. The sign system of each people is unique due to its grammatical, morphological, phonetic and linguistic features. Simple languages do not exist, because each of them has its own difficulties, which are revealed during the study.
Below are the most complex languages of the world, the rating of which consists of 10 signed systems.
10
Icelandic
Icelandic is one of the most difficult in terms of pronunciation. Also the sign system is considered to be one of the most ancient languages. In it there are linguistic units, used only by native speakers. One of the biggest difficulties in learning Icelandic is its phonetics, which only native speakers can accurately convey.
9
Finnish
The Finnish language is deservedly ranked among the most complex sign systems of the world. It has 15 cases, as well as several hundred personal verbal forms and conjugations. In it, graphic signs fully convey the sound form of the word( both written and spoken), which simplifies the language. In grammar there are several past forms, but there are no future tense forms.
8
Navajo
Navajo is the language of Indians, a feature of which is considered to be verb forms that form and change in person with the help of prefixes. It is the verbs that carry the basic semantic information. Navajo used the US military during the Second World War to transmit encrypted information.
In addition to vowel and consonant sounds, there are 4 tones in the language, which are referred to as ascending - descending;high Low. At the moment, the fate of the Navajo is under threat, since there are no linguistic dictionaries, and the younger generation of Indians is passing exclusively to English.
7
Hungarian
The Hungarian is one of the ten most difficult languages to study. It has 35 case forms and is full of vowel sounds, which are difficult enough to pronounce because of longitude. A sign system has a rather complex grammar, in which there is an uncountable number of suffixes, as well as stable expressions characteristic only for this language. The peculiarity of the dictionary system is the presence of only two temporary forms of the verb: the present and the past.
6
Eskimo
The Eskimo is considered to be one of the most complex in the world due to numerous time forms, which are up to 63 only in the present tense. The case form of words includes more than 200 inflections( word changes with the help of endings, prefixes, suffixes).Eskimo language is the language of images. For example, the meaning of the word "internet" for Eskimos will sound like "journey through layers".The Eskimo sign system is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as one of the most difficult.
5
Tabasaran
Tabasaran is one of the few languages listed in the Guinness Book of Records due to its complexity. Its peculiarity consists in numerous cases, which number 46. This is one of the official languages of the inhabitants of Dagestan, in which there are no pretexts. Postpositions are used instead. In the language there are three kinds of dialects, and each of them unites a certain group of dialects. In the sign system, there are a lot of borrowings from different languages: Persian, Azerbaijani, Arabic, Russian and others.
4
Basque
Basque is one of the oldest in Europe. They are owned by some residents of Southern France and Northern Spain. Basque contains 24 case forms, and does not belong to any branch of language families. Dictionaries have about half a million words, including dialects. Prefixes and suffixes are used to form new linguistic units.
The association of words in the sentence is traced through changes in the endings. The verb tense is displayed by changing the ending and beginning of the word. Due to the non-spread of the language, it was used during the Second World War by the US military to transmit classified information. Basque is considered to be one of the most difficult to study.
3
English
Russian is one of the three most complex languages in the world. The main difficulty of the "great and mighty" is a free stress. For example, in French, stress is always placed on the last syllable of the word. In the Russian language, a strong position can be anywhere: either in the first, or in the last syllable, or in the middle of the word. The meaning of many lexical units is determined by the place of stress, for example: Muka - Muka;orgAn - Organ. Also the meaning of polysemantic words that are written and pronounced identically is determined only in the context of the sentence.
Other linguistic units may differ in writing, but they are pronounced identically and have a completely different meaning, for example: meadow-onion, etc. Our language is one of the richest in synonyms: one word can have up to a dozen similar in value linguistic units. Punctuation also carries a large semantic load: the absence of one comma completely changes the meaning of the phrase. Remember the hackneyed phrase from the school bench: "Can not be executed pardon"?
2
Arabic
Arabic is one of the most complex sign systems in the world. One letter has up to 4 different spellings: it all depends on the location of the character in the word. In the Arabic vocabulary there are no lowercase letters, the word is not broken for carrying, and the vowels are not displayed on the letter. One of the specific features of the language lies in the way the words are written - from right to left.
In Arabic, there are three numbers instead of two numbers familiar to the Russian language: single, plural and dual. It is impossible to find words that are equally pronounced, since each sound has 4 different tones, which will depend on the location of its location.
1
Chinese
Chinese is an incredibly complex language. The first difficulty, if you want to study it, is the total number of hieroglyphs in the language. The modern Chinese dictionary has about 87 thousand characters. The complexity is not only in the sign language system, but also in the correct spelling. The only incorrectly depicted feature in one hieroglyph completely distorts the meaning of the word.
One Chinese "letter" can mean a whole word or even a sentence. The graphic symbol does not reflect the phonetic essence of the word - a person who does not know all the subtleties of this language, will not be able to understand how to correctly pronounce the written word. Phonetics is quite complicated: it has numerous homophones and contains 4 tones in the system. To learn Chinese is one of the most difficult tasks a foreigner can set for himself.
