Binoculars: types and characteristics, how to choose, manufacturers

Binoculars - an optical device which enlarges the object in question. It is a structure of two parallel and connected together telescopes. Each tube consists of a casing inside which are placed prisms, lenses, mirrors.

Lens - curved glass shape. There are two kinds of lenses: concave and convex. One acts as a lens - optical system element which forms an image. Other - eyepiece - Output lens facing the eye of the beholder.

Device

1. Light reflected from the object and enters the lens.
2. Because of the curved window image is inverted. To return the picture to its normal position, use a prism, which is positioned between the lens and the eyepiece. It is made of two glasses: each turns the image 90 degrees, in the end it turns 180 degrees - the necessary value for a normal display object.
3. The light rays are focused in the eyepiece. The image to be accurate and without interference, ocular lenses create multiple interconnected.
4. The picture within the structure obtained little. The process ends when the image passes through natural human ocular lens.

Types and Characteristics of binoculars

According to the scheme of manufacturing distinguished:

Galileo binoculars. Simple and cheap device. Structure - a combination of a convex lens which gathers light and a concave, which it dissipates. Such devices produced light and compact.

binoculars Kepler They are collecting lenses and eyepiece and the lens. And to obtain a normal picture is placed between wraps of the prism, which are divided into:

• Porro prism. The design uses a prism in the form of Z. For this reason, a ray of light changes direction four times. Bright image is transferred without loss or distortion. The design turns out not too long, but wide, when compared with the next type.
• Abbe prism and Schmidt-Peha, otherwise, Rufus. Optical devices such components are compact, but more expensive and difficult to manufacture. Furthermore, the characteristics of these devices do not meet the proper quality. Prism is made so that the beam changes direction 35 times, but eventually returned to the original line.

By appointment emit:

• Theater. Compact, lightweight, but with low magnifying power and low visibility.
• Field is different aperture and magnification.
• The military is similar to the field, but also required the following characteristics to it: water resistance, strength, the field of view of portability.
• Astronomical binoculars characterized by a high multiplicity. Dimensions and weight require the use of machinery on a tripod.
• Offshore has increased strength and water resistance. And because of its specificity is characterized by complementary technologies: rangefinder, built-in stabilization.
• Binoculars for hunting requires clarity.
• Night Vision Binoculars has high luminosity.
• With the function of photographic and video (digital binoculars).

According to the size of the lens:

• Up to 30 mm.
• 30-39 mm.
• 40 mm.

The larger the lens, the wider review of higher aperture ratio and frequency.

The kit, in addition to the binoculars include:

• Protective covers for lenses and eyepieces.
• Cover.
• Wipes and lens cleaners.
• Strap.
• User's manual.
• Warranty Card.

Benefits

The main advantage of the binoculars compared with other magnifying devices with a single telescope - is to obtain a stereoscopic image.

Due to the nature of the brain under examination object with two eyes is increased by 10-40% color and contrast, and review by 20% more than that of optical devices with a single telescope.

Binoklisovmeschayut compact dimensions with quality that allows you to use the technique of comfort.

How to choose a pair of binoculars

multiplicity - a numerical value that indicates how many times the optics increases picture. For most devices, this feature is eight. But if you need to carefully consider the details, you should take a model with a higher magnification.

It should be borne in mind that the increase in this indicator is affected by the diameter of the lens: the larger the diameter - the greater multiplicity. These changes increase the weight and size of the optical device.

In some cases, for convenient use of bulky devices with high multiplicity of special tripod used.

Aperture. This index reflects the degree of light capture lens and characterizes clarity. In low light efficient to binoculars with a large lens diameter.

By increasing the exit pupil, which would entail an increase of the light power multiplicity necessarily decrease.

Light transmission. The design assumes that the lenses of binoculars held together in one-piece. Initially they were carefully polished lens, achieving a mirror surface, is then combined with a special adhesive.

The problem for the manufacturer - a seal between the elements of special adhesive composition with extreme precision, to minimize contact with air. Compliance with such action provides a device with high svetopropusnoy ability.

Focus range binoculars. This parameter displays the maximum distance at which the observed object is considered in detail. Upon exceeding the specified range to receive the current image becomes problematic.

focus mechanism. There are two types of focus: Central and separate. In the first case, focus adjustment is carried out through one ring diopter correction.

The second type is characterized by controls for each telescope, which allows to adjust focus for each eye individually.

image stabilization. Function is present in most modern binoculars: the design of two gyro built in, running on batteries. Stabilization is required when using a mobile surface: ships or aircraft, automobiles.

Which is better

First and foremost it is worth considering that the functional optical devices is limited by the size and weight. The housing should be durable, shock and moisture-resistant, airtight, and a lens made of high quality optical glass ekstranizkoy dispersion.

Enlightenment - reflective coating defining the aperture ratio and light transmission. There are four types of enlightenment: single-layer, single-layer complete, multi-layer, multi-layer complete. The use of high-quality binoculars latest style.

Covering come in three colors:

• blue occurs most often,
• green - less because it is more expensive in price,
• Ruby, is designed to work on a sunny day - obscures the eyepieces, protecting eyes from bright light.

binoculars multiplicity affects the size. The best option would be 60 mm lens. It creates an accurate and bright picture even at 20-fold magnification.

Depending on the destination device, pay attention to the following parameters and functions:

• rangefinder;
• built-in compass;
• angle;
• Marked ocular points.

How to use

Modern sealed binoculars, are protected from moisture and sand, but also should ensure that the optical instrument part remained intact.

The resulting image is spoiled fingerprints on the lens, grease, dirt, dried-up water spray. Dust causes scratches on the glass, and such defects are not corrected. It is therefore necessary to monitor the state of the device, correct brushing techniques and recommended resources.

To protect equipment from premature failure, observe the following rules:

• It is not necessary to clean the binoculars unnecessarily. Too much exposure to the lens can lead to accidental damage.
• Make sure that the optical glass at all times under the protection. This will avoid the impact of adverse factors may damage the lens.
• It is strictly forbidden to wipe with a cloth dusted glass. I need to blow off the dust. Ideally, the blowing is done using a can of compressed air. If you do not, fit and a rubber bulb.
• After the dust removal to wipe the optical glass free cloth impregnated with a special liquid. In a circular motion, starting from the center and the edges of the lens shifting. It is not necessary to press strongly on the surface or make sudden movements - gently, smoothly and steadily.

The material may be too rigid and leave scratches. Refrain from the use of ethanol - it leaves stains.

The housing of the binoculars to clean the brush, which need to go through all the cavities and recesses. Cleans hard to reach places with a cotton swab. After this procedure, the body is rubbed with a damp cloth.

Today there is no lack of choice of means for cleaning optical glasses. Companies themselves to produce their own product set of tools for combating pollution.

Guarantee

The warranty includes free repair and replacement of parts when detecting defects or faults occur. List of serviced displayed defects in the warranty card.

The term of service for binoculars ranges from 1 year up to tens of years. The last characteristic of optical devices premium price which is higher than the standard.

It is worth to remember: in any case, do not disassemble the device yourself if you are not out of warranty. Otherwise, the warranty card is canceled. Observe the mandatory rules of operation, which are set out in the instructions.

The exact list of services provided, the conditions for obtaining service and warranty period is different for each model of the individual producer.

Faults and repairs

The most common port of the optical glass and the cause of the problem - inadequate care.

Distributed mismatch problem eyepiece images - it occurs due to careless use, which resulted in a drop in the art, and changes the position of the prism.

Although durable housing product, sometimes it cracks, adversely affecting the optical properties.

As for self-repair, no special knowledge and tools is not recommended to proceed to the correction of defects:

• There is no guarantee that you identify the cause of failure.
• Disassembled the device will no longer be subject to the guarantee.
• After this self-repair binoculars or lose presentable appearance or completely unusable.

manufacturers binoculars

Bresser

The German company produces optical instruments - from microscopes to telescopes. The range includes standard and professional binoculars: hunting, marine or military.

Technique different quality and lenses made of glass or BK 7 WAC-4. The latter are used in expensive and compact models - they are characterized by a high coefficient of determining the angle of incidence. Whereby it becomes possible to use high-aperture lens without increasing the size.

Some models have the ability to adjust the eyepiece diopter. Acquainted with the products, please visit: www.bresser-russia.ru

Bushnell

The American corporation, which occupies a leading position in the international market of optical technology.

Binoculars of this company are reliable and combine high-quality optical lenses with practical operational parameters. In addition, some models have additional features and built-in modes that calculates the distance to an object, the bullet trajectory, etc.

A wide range of needs and meet the ordinary users and professionals. Each series is designed for use in special situations. Website: www.bushnell.com

carl Zeiss

The company from Germany with a well-deserved positive reputation in the market of optical instruments. Despite its compact size, the models give a clear picture, large multiplicity and high illumination performance.

Devices are equipped with all sorts of additional features that fit any specialization. Depending on the model, the warranty period is several decades.

It is worth noting that for his merits in the development of astronomy in honor of the company called an asteroid. Website: www.zeiss.com

Celestron

The company specializes in the production of binoculars, binoculars, microscopes and related accessories, as well as manufactures equipment for astronomy and cooperates with NASA.

Celestron offers a wide range of devices, which are suitable for domestic use and for special situations. Emphasis is placed on the issue of binoculars for observing space objects.

A distinctive feature of the manufacturer - the use of computerized models with automatic pointing and tracking function. Website: www.celestron.ru

Fuji

The Japanese company is known as a producer digital cameras and accessories to them (tripods, monopods,strubschin etc ). it also produces binoculars for specialized services. The company's products are used in police, navy, research institutes.

Functional devices enlarged image stabilization, multi-coated, electron beam EBC coating that provides a clear and bright images. Website: www.fujifilm.eu/ru

Hama

Another German company engaged in the production of accessories for audio, video, photographic and computer equipment. It is known and achievements in the optical market.

The devices are designed for everyday use. They have a nice design and high quality components: the optics with decent performance, coated lens and shock-resistant housing.

Small weight and compactness make the binoculars essential for traveling. It comes with strap and carrying case. Website: www.hama.com

KOMZ

Russian producer of daytime observation equipment. The company's products have a reputation for instruments with quality, practicality and reliability that allows them to operate even in the harshest climates.

Binoculars are created using the latest technologies and developments. In addition to standard equipment, KOMZ produces equipment for hunting and fishing. Website: www.baigish.ru

Levenhuk

The main task of the company - production of optical devices. It produces a wide range of binoculars: tourism, travel, with increased protection against moisture and dust, for astronomy and theatrical observations.

Production of children's instruments combine the colorful body and simplicity in operation. Website: www.levenhuk.ru

Nikon

Nikon will all know as a producer of high-quality SLR photography. But it is also engaged in production of binoculars, and every year the range of optical devices getting wider.

For athletes, there is a special line, is compact and easily. For travelers, there is a reliable and practical models. There are devices and premium. All binoculars have an ergonomic body and a nice modern design. Website: www.nikon.ru

Norin

The Chinese company, which provides optical devices market a quality product. It produces a variety of binoculars, to meet different needs. Powerful optics, a strong defense, high-tech new products - it's all there in their models.

In addition to the production line the company has research and development department, which is engaged in the development of new optical devices and components. Norin is committed to maintaining the prices of their products to medium-low. Website: www.norin-optech.com

Olympus

A leading manufacturer of innovative optical and digital equipment, cameras with ultrazoom for different areas of science and life. It specializes in binoculars issue to rest, which are compact and easily, allowing you to use them with proper comfort.

There is also a range of professional models, which is inherent in the necessary quality and advanced features. Website: www.olympus.com.ru

Pentax

Binoculars of this company combine thoughtful stylish design and quality performance parameters. The devices use proprietary enlightening coating that allows you to create a bright and high-contrast images.

Standard instruments have a rubberized casing that avoids minor injuries. In addition, the rubber provides a comfortable grip. Housings such models are filled with nitrogen, which prevents fogging of the lenses even if rapid temperature changes. Website: www.pentax.com

Veber

It produces high-quality binoculars at an affordable price. The company offers a choice of a variety of models, from compact and elegant binoculars to bulky devices with powerful luminosity and a large magnification. Website: www. veber.ru

Yukon

Yukon binoculars have an original design, broad functionality and unique approach to the formation of the structure. The body is made of ugleplakstika that gives ease device.

Decent color reproduction, a large aperture ratio, a clear picture - all provide high-quality optics with a multilayer coating. Complete with large models is a special tripod. Website: www.yukonopticsglobal.com